A conceptual framework of entrepreneurship policy
01 Jan 2014-
TL;DR: In this paper, a conceptual framework of entrepreneurship policy can be divided based on level of analysis which are, micro, meso, and macro level, entrepreneurship policy, focus on creating motivation, entrepreneurial skills, and business skills.
Abstract: Entrepreneurship has been growing rapidly in the past 20 years. It was strengthen by the increasing number of young generation who choose to be an entrepreneur instead of working on other people or companies. Mostly, they do not consider entrepreneurship as the only option to earn income and generate money, but more than that entrepreneurship is also regarded as one of the way to uphold their values such as beneficial to society, freedom to manage time and finances, and freedom to define and execute what they want. The role of Entrepreneurship in economic growth, are about job and wealth creation. Considering the role, it is important to develop entrepreneurship. In this stage, government policy has a big influence, there are to establish environment and create infrastructure that support entrepreneurship. However, when it comes to entrepreneurship policy, one size does not fit all, governments can only provide an underlying conducive environment to the emergence of productive entrepreneurship rather than unproductive entrepreneurship. In this research, conceptual framework of entrepreneurship policy can be divided based on level of analysis which are, micro, meso, and macro level. At macro level, entrepreneurship policy, focus on creating motivation, entrepreneurial skills, and business skills. While at meso level, it include decreasing administration burden in facilitating business entry and import/export deregulation as well; focusing in targeted business (technology) and business incentives. At macro level, entrepreneurship policies should focus on creating entrepreneurship
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01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a method to solve the problem of "labeling" for the purpose of improving the quality of the labels of the products of a company's products.
Abstract: 第１章 ＧＥＭ調査の概要（分析の枠組み；調査方法；起業活動の定義；起業活動率；起業活動と経済成長；起業の計画と失敗） 第２章 起業家と事業特性（起業家の背景；起業家の能力；事業特性；起業家教育） 第３章 起業の環境（社会的資源；起業家に対する評価；経済危機の影響；起業活動の投資環境） 第４章 専門家調査（資金調達；政府の方針；支援プログラム；教育システム；技術移転；コマーシャル・サービス；起業文化；事業機会；経営能力；起業家に対する評価；女性への支援；急成長への注目；イノベーションへの関心；調査結果） 第５章 政策への提
1,062 citations
1,037 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a solid foundation for essential study in the nascent field of entrepreneurship policy research by exploring the exploration of two significant propositions underpinning the nature of entrepreneurship research.
Abstract: This unique Handbook provides a solid foundation for essential study in the nascent field of entrepreneurship policy research. This foundation is initially developed via the exploration of two significant propositions underpinning the nature of entrepreneurship policy research. The first is that entrepreneurship has emerged as a bona fide focus of public policy, particularly with respect to economic growth and employment creation. The second is that neither scholars nor policy makers are presently equipped to understand the public policy role for entrepreneurship.
42 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a conceptual framework for building entrepreneurial ecosystems in peripheral places is presented, where the authors focus on developing a holistic conceptual framework in building entrepreneurial ecosystem of its own kind through collaborative approach to tackle issues around finance, talents, socio-culture environment, infrastructure, markets and policy.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to investigate challenges of building entrepreneurial ecosystems in peripheral places. The entrepreneurial ecosystem concept is developing a rising popularity among both academics and policymakers in recent years where much of the attention has been put in major urban cities. However, on the way to achieve balanced growth and equity, peripheral places should not be neglected. Thus, this paper links literature on ecosystem with peripheral region studies in creating a conceptual framework of developing entrepreneurial ecosystems in peripheral places.,The paper first reviews literature on entrepreneurial ecosystems and challenges that peripheral places facing in particular. Then, taking into consideration of literature from both fields, a conceptual framework is developed. In order to better illustrate the framework, a case study on Guildford’s digital gaming industry is reviewed based on secondary data.,Though facing various challenges such as smallness, remoteness and lack of resources, peripheral places can take advantage of the digital technology and build an entrepreneurial ecosystem of its own kind through holistic collaborative approach to tackle issues around finance, talents, socio-culture environment, infrastructure, markets and policy.,The paper is among the first to focus on developing a holistic conceptual framework in building entrepreneurial ecosystems in peripheral areas. It can lead to a range of further research topics and contribute to develop viable practices particularly for policymakers.
34 citations
09 Mar 2020
TL;DR: A conceptual model for measuring entrepreneurial intention among women entrepreneurs by integrating and adapting the constructs of extended social cognitive career theory model and entrepreneurial potential model has been proposed in this paper, which is a promising potential to measure entrepreneurial intention.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to understand the role of entrepreneurial intention in promoting women entrepreneurship in Indian micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs). This study seeks to clarify the construct of entrepreneurial intention and then reports the validation of the entrepreneurial intention instrument.,An instrument has been designed and administered on a sample of 103 respondents across India from women entrepreneurs to understand the entrepreneurial intention by using cluster and snowball sampling. The data has been streamlined and then analyzed using descriptive analysis for validity and reliability checks.,This research was aimed to determine the constructs of entrepreneurial intention. Through data analysis, it has been observed that the reliability coefficients reveal the adequacy of the sample. The Cronbach’s alpha values for all the items in the instrument were found to be greater than or equal to 0.6. Strong correlations were also found between direct and indirect measures of entrepreneurial intention and hence confirmed that all the measures in the instrument were well constructed. Analysis has also explained the relationship between various constructs of entrepreneurial intention by using Pearson’s correlation coefficients. Strong and positive values of correlation explain the existence of the convergent and discriminant validity of the instrument.,The research results obtained from the analysis of reliability and validity tests not only provides the establishment of the relationship among the various constructs but also suggests that the model provides a promising potential to measure entrepreneurial intention. This study will contribute to new knowledge of the conditions of women entrepreneurship from different perspectives by developing and validating an analytic model for promoting the women entrepreneurship in MSMEs of India.,From a government perspective, this model will help in designing training programmes for promoting women entrepreneurship in India. The obtained result also brings significant implications for practice as well as raises a broad future direction for other researchers,Extended SCCT model has recently suggested an inclusive framework of factors affecting the entrepreneurial intention, there is not much attempt made in research using this theory as background for predicting intention in the context of women entrepreneurship. This paper attempts to fill this gap by formulating a conceptual model for measuring entrepreneurial intention among women entrepreneurs by integrating and adapting the constructs of extended social cognitive career theory model and entrepreneurial potential model.
29 citations
References
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Book•
12 Oct 2017
TL;DR: The theory of economic development was first published in 1911 by Schumpeter as discussed by the authors, who argued that economics is a natural self-regulating mechanism when undisturbed by "social and other meddlers." In his preface he argues that despite weaknesses, theories are based on logic and provide structure for understanding fact.
Abstract: Schumpeter proclaims in this classical analysis of capitalist society first published in 1911 that economics is a natural self-regulating mechanism when undisturbed by "social and other meddlers." In his preface he argues that despite weaknesses, theories are based on logic and provide structure for understanding fact. Of those who argue against him, Schumpeter asks a fundamental question: "Is it really artificial to keep separate the phenomena incidental to running a firm and the phenomena incidental to creating a new one?" In his answers, Schumpeter offers guidance to Third World politicians no less than First World businesspeople. In his substantial new introduction, John E. Elliott discusses the salient ideas of The Theory of Economic Development against the historical background of three great periods of economic thought in the last two decades.
9,828 citations
"A conceptual framework of entrepren..." refers background in this paper
...Entrepreneur, according to Schumpeter (1934), should be seen as a leader and contributor of creative destruction process; an entrepreneur is the person who carries out new combinations and causes discontinuity....
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TL;DR: In this article, historical evidence from ancient Rome, early China, and the Middle Ages and Renaissance in Europe is used to investigate the hypotheses that, while the total supply of entrepreneurs varies among societies, the productive contribution of the society's entrepreneurial activities varies much more because of their allocation between productive activities and largely unproductive activities such as rent seeking or organized crime.
4,571 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: Schumpeter as discussed by the authors argued that economic development is the key to explaining the features of modern economic life, such as consumption, factors and means of production, labor, value, prices, cost, exchange, money as a circulating medium, and exchange value of money.
Abstract: Schumpeter first reviews the basic economic concepts that describe the recurring economic processes of a commercially organized state in which private property, division of labor, and free competition prevail. These constitute what Schumpeter calls "the circular flow of economic life," such as consumption, factors and means of production, labor, value, prices, cost, exchange, money as a circulating medium, and exchange value of money. The principal focus of the book is advancing the idea that change (economic development) is the key to explaining the features of a modern economy. Schumpeter emphasizes that his work deals with economic dynamics or economic development, not with theories of equilibrium or "circular flow" of a static economy, which have formed the basis of traditional economics. Interest, profit, productive interest, and business fluctuations, capital, credit, and entrepreneurs can better be explained by reference to processes of development. A static economy would know no productive interest, which has its source in the profits that arise from the process of development (successful execution of new combinations). The principal changes in a dynamic economy are due to technical innovations in the production process. Schumpeter elaborates on the role of credit in economic development; credit expansion affects the distribution of income and capital formation. Bank credit detaches productive resources from their place in circular flow to new productive combinations and innovations. Capitalism inherently depends upon economic progress, development, innovation, and expansive activity, which would be suppressed by inflexible monetary policy. The essence of development consists in the introduction of innovations into the system of production. This period of incorporation or adsorption is a period of readjustment, which is the essence of depression. Both profits of booms and losses from depression are part of the process of development. There is a distinction between the processes of creating a new productive apparatus and the process of merely operating it once it is created. Development is effected by the entrepreneur, who guides the diversion of the factors of production into new combinations for better use; by recasting the productive process, including the introduction of new machinery, and producing products at less expense, the entrepreneur creates a surplus, which he claims as profit. The entrepreneur requires capital, which is found in the money market, and for which the entrepreneur pays interest. The entrepreneur creates a model for others to follow, and the appearance of numerous new entrepreneurs causes depressions as the system struggles to achieve a new equilibrium. The entrepreneurial profit then vanishes in the vortex of competition; the stage is set for new combinations. Risk is not part of the entrepreneurial function; risk falls on the provider of capital. (TNM)
4,458 citations
Book•
30 Jun 1994
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduce the key characteristics of the small business sector and examine the specific problems that face small business owners, showing how the business environment for the smaller firm differs from that of larger companies, and how far their success or failure depends on the wider economic climate.
Abstract: This text introduces the key characteristics of the small business sector. Looking at core business functions, it examines the specific problems that face the small business owner. It shows how the business environment for the smaller firm differs from that of larger companies, and studies how far their success or failure depends on the wider economic climate. It also looks at the different locations, whether urban or regional, and the effect of small businesses on the outside community. In addition, the book studies the internal organization of small companies, encompassing discussions of employment, entrepreneurship, management strategies, organizational cultures, finance and the variety of challenges the small business owner faces in each of these questions.
4,040 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1985TL;DR: In this article, Drucker argues that what defines an entrepreneur is their attitude to change: "the entrepreneur always searches for change, responds to it and exploits it as an opportunity" and "to exploit change, according to Drucker, is to innovate".
Abstract: How can management be developed to create the greatest wealth for society as a whole? This is the question Peter Drucker sets out to answer in Innovation and Entrepreneurship. A brilliant, mould-breaking attack on management orthodoxy it is one of Drucker’s most important books, offering an excellent overview of some of his main ideas. He argues that what defines an entrepreneur is their attitude to change: ‘the entrepreneur always searches for change, responds to it and exploits it as an opportunity’. To exploit change, according to Drucker, is to innovate. Stressing the importance of low-tech entrepreneurship, the challenge of balancing technological possibilities with limited resources, and the organisation as a learning organism, he concludes with a vision of an entrepreneurial society where individuals increasingly take responsibility for their own learning and careers.
With a new foreword by Joseph Maciariello
3,705 citations