A conditional logic for abduction
TL;DR: This work argues that explanatory conditionals are non-classical, and relies on Brian Chellas’s work on conditional logics for providing an alternative formalization of the explanatory conditional, and makes use of the adaptive logics framework for modeling defeasible reasoning.
Abstract: We propose a logic of abduction that (i) provides an appropriate formalization of the explanatory conditional, and that (ii) captures the defeasible nature of abductive inference. For (i), we argue that explanatory conditionals are non-classical, and rely on Brian Chellas’s work on conditional logics for providing an alternative formalization of the explanatory conditional. For (ii), we make use of the adaptive logics framework for modeling defeasible reasoning. We show how our proposal allows for a more natural reading of explanatory relations, and how it overcomes problems faced by other systems in the literature.
Citations
More filters
Proceedings Article•
01 Jan 2002TL;DR: It is argued that the phenomenon of floating conclusions indicates a problem with the view that the skeptical consequences of such theories should be identified with the statements that are supported by each of their various extensions.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to question some commonly accepted patterns of reasoning involving nonmonotonic logics that generate multiple extensions. In particular, I argue that the phenomenon of floating conclusions indicates a problem with the view that the skeptical consequences of such theories should be identified with the statements that are supported by each of their various extensions.
53 citations
46 citations
01 Jan 2009
TL;DR: In this paper, Atocha Aliseda, Abductive Reasoning, Logical Investigations into Discovery and Explanation, Dordrecht: Springer, 2006, 225 pp.
Abstract: Resena de libro: Atocha Aliseda, Abductive Reasoning. Logical Investigations into Discovery and
Explanation. Dordrecht: Springer, 2006. 225 pp.
46 citations
01 Jan 2017
TL;DR: In this chapter, the focus will be on formal models of hypothetical reasoning, in particular on those concerned with abductive reasoning.
Abstract: In this chapter, the focus will be on formal models of hypothetical reasoning , in particular on those concerned with abductive reasoning
20 citations
01 Jan 2017
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors advocate a reconciliation of argumentation theory and formal logic in an agent-centered theory of reasoning, that is, a theory in which inferences are studied as human activities.
Abstract: This chapter advocates for a reconciliation of argumentation theory and formal logic in an agent-centered theory of reasoning, that is, a theory in which inferences are studied as human activities First, arguments in favor of a divorce between the two fields are presented Those arguments are not so controversial However, rather than forcing a radical separation, they urge logicians to rethink the object of their studies Arguments cannot be analyzed as objects independent from human activity, whether it is dealt with deductive or nondeductive reasoning The present analysis naturally takes place in the context of dialogical logic in which the proof process and the semantics are conceived in terms of argumentative games, which involve the agents, their commitments and their actions This work focuses first on deductive reasoning and then takes abduction as a case of nondeductive reasoning By relying on some relevant ideas of the Gabbay–Woods (GW) schema of abduction and Aliseda’s approach, a new dialogical explanation of abduction in terms of concession-problem is proposed This notion of concession problem will be defined thereafter With respect to the topics of the model-based sciences, the question of the specificity of the speech act by means of which a hypothesis is conjectured is set more specifically
12 citations
References
More filters
Book•
01 Jan 1997
TL;DR: The authors published an eight-volume collection of Peirce's writings on general philosophy, logic, pragmatism, metaphysics, experimental science, scientific method and philosophy of mind, as well as reviews and correspondence.
Abstract: Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914) is best known as the founder of pragmatism - the philosophy that assesses the meaning of what we say by its practical consequences. His writings cover a wide range of subjects and his influence can be seen in ethics, aesthetics, symbolic logic, religion, epistemology and metaphysics, and also scientific topics. The greater part of Peirce's papers were unpublished during his lifetime and upon his death several hundred manuscripts were left to Harvard University. This eight-volume collection also includes Peirce's writings on general philosophy, logic, pragmatism, metaphysics, experimental science, scientific method and philosophy of mind, as well as reviews and correspondence. Paragraphs are numbered for easy reference and contents arranged by subject.
3,967 citations
Book•
[...]
01 Jan 1980
TL;DR: In this book van Fraassen develops an alternative to scientific realism by constructing and evaluating three mutually reinforcing theories.
Abstract: In this book van Fraassen develops an alternative to scientific realism by constructing and evaluating three mutually reinforcing theories.
3,468 citations
993 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1989
TL;DR: Salmon as mentioned in this paper provides a comprehensive account of the developments in scientific explanation that transpired in the last four decades of the twentieth century, concluding that not all deductive arguments are qualified explanations.
Abstract: As Aristotle stated, scientific explanation is based on deductive argument - yet, Wesley C. Salmon points out, not all deductive arguments are qualified explanations. The validity of the explanation must itself be examined. "Four Decades of Scientific Explanation" provides a comprehensive account of the developments in scientific explanation that transpired in the last four decades of the twentieth century. It continues to stand as the most comprehensive treatment of the writings on the subject during these years. Building on the historic 1948 essay by Carl G. Hempel and Paul Oppenheim, "Studies in the Logic of Explanation," which introduced the deductive-nomological (D-N) model on which most work on scientific explanation was based for the following four decades, Salmon goes beyond this model's inherent basis of describing empirical knowledge to tells us "not only what, but also why." Salmon examines the predominant models in chronological order and describes their development, refinement, and criticism or rejection. "Four Decades of Scientific Explanation" underscores the need for a consensus of approach and ongoing evaluations of methodology in scientific explanation, with the goal of providing a better understanding of natural phenomena.
958 citations