A consistent co-rotational formulation for non-linear, three-dimensional, beam-elements
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...We now repeat the computations, having first superimposed the rigid-body rotation on the nodal rotation matrices so that, from Λ1 = ΛRΛ1 and Λ2 = ΛRΛ2, we extract the rotational vectors (see Spurrier (1978), Simo & Vu-Quoc (1986), and Crisfield (1997) for the actual algorithm to extract the rotational vector from a rotation matrix)...
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...Other formulations based on the interpolation of incremental and iterative rotations, such as those due to Jelenić & Saje (1995) and Jelenić & Crisfield (1998), are also non-objective and path-dependent....
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...It is worth emphasizing a strong link between the proposed procedure and the ‘co-rotational method’ (Crisfield 1990)....
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