A critical review of biochemical conversion, sustainability and life cycle assessment of algal biofuels
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...The published life-cycle analyses of algal fuels (Lardon et al., 2009; Batan et al., 2010; Clarens et al., 2010; Jorquera et al., 2010; Sander and Murthy, 2010; Stephenson et al., 2010; Brentner et al., 2011; Campbell et al., 2011; Clarens et al., 2011; Khoo et al., 2011; Kucukvar and Tatari, 2011; Pfromm et al., 2011; Shirvani et al., 2011; Singh and Olsen, 2011; Yang et al., 2011a,b; Frank et al., 2012) have been generally inconclusive with respect to their sustainability....
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"A critical review of biochemical co..." refers background in this paper
...For these reasons many believe that microalgae are the only economic route to biodiesel [10,100]....
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5,158 citations
"A critical review of biochemical co..." refers background in this paper
...Algae represent a vast variety of photosynthetic species dwelling in diverse environments [8,19], they might be autotrophic or heterotrophic in nature [20]....
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4,432 citations
"A critical review of biochemical co..." refers background in this paper
...mixture known as syngas (a mixture of CO, H2, CO2, N, and CH4) which is combustible at high temperatures (800–1000 C) [37]....
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...AD involves the breakdown of organic matter to produce biogas [37]....
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...It is also certain that the dominant algal strains isolated from the local environmental conditions may not be the optimal for production of biofuel under controlled conditions therefore genetic engineering may be required [37]....
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4,123 citations
"A critical review of biochemical co..." refers background in this paper
...potential toxicity of sodium [54]....
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...High concentrations of ions such as Na, Ca andMg, which increase alkalinity and decrease the fraction of unionized NH3, can lower the inhibition effects [54]....
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3,479 citations
"A critical review of biochemical co..." refers background in this paper
...atively low land usage and high carbon dioxide (CO2) absorption and uptake rate [10–15]....
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...Some microalgae respond to certain chemical and physical stimuli through the accumulation of intracellular triglycerides (TGs) [11]....
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...be grown on saline/coastal sea water and on non agricultural lands (desert, arid and semi-arid land) [11,21] and will not create a food–...
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