A critical review of detection and classification of power quality events
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of signal processing and intelligent techniques for automatic classification of the power quality (PQ) events and an effect of noise on detection and classification of disturbances is presented in this paper.
Abstract: Requirement of green supply with higher quality has been consumers’ demand around the globe The electrical power system is expected to deliver undistorted sinusoidal rated voltage and current continuously at rated frequency to the consumers This paper presents a comprehensive review of signal processing and intelligent techniques for automatic classification of the power quality (PQ) events and an effect of noise on detection and classification of disturbances It is intended to provide a wide spectrum on the status of detection and classification of PQ disturbances as well as an effect of noise on detection and classification of PQ events to the researchers, designers and engineers working on power quality More than 150 research publications on detection and classification techniques of PQ disturbances have been critically examined, classified and listed for quick reference
Citations
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TL;DR: Comparisons with other state-of-the-art deep neural networks and traditional methods proves that the proposed method can overcome defects of traditional signal process and artificial feature selection.
208 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a literature survey of flexible ac transmission systems (FACTSs) and voltage-source converters, with smart dynamic controllers, is presented to improve the power quality and ensure efficient energy utilization and energy management in smart grids with renewable energy sources.
Abstract: In the last two decades, emerging use of renewable and distributed energy sources in electricity grid has created new challenges for the utility regarding the power quality, voltage stabilization and efficient energy utilization. Power electronic converters are extensively utilized to interface the emerging energy systems (without and with energy storage) and smart buildings with the transmission and distribution systems. Flexible ac transmission systems (FACTSs) and voltage-source converters, with smart dynamic controllers, are emerging as a stabilization and power filtering equipment to improve the power quality. Also, distributed FACTSs play an important role in improving the power factor, energy utilization, enhancing the power quality, and ensuring efficient energy utilization and energy management in smart grids with renewable energy sources. This paper presents a literature survey of FACTS technology tools and applications for power quality and efficient renewable energy system utilization.
208 citations
TL;DR: A comprehensive literature review on the applications of digital signal processing, artificial intelligence and optimization techniques in the classification of PQ disturbances and a comparison of various classification systems is presented in tabular form.
Abstract: The increasing trend towards renewable energy sources requires higher power quality (PQ) at the generation, transmission and distribution systems. The PQ disturbances are produced due to the nonlinear loads, power electronic converters, system faults and switching events. The utilities and consumers of electric power are expected to acquire ideal voltage and current waveforms at rated power frequency. The development of new techniques for the automatic classification of PQ events is at present a major concern. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review on the applications of digital signal processing, artificial intelligence and optimization techniques in the classification of PQ disturbances. Various signal processing techniques used for the feature extraction such as Fourier transform, wavelet transform, S-transform, Hilbert transform, Gabor transform and their hybrids have been reviewed. The artificial intelligent techniques used for the pattern recognition such as artificial neural network, fuzzy logic, support vector machine are reviewed in detail. The optimization techniques used for the optimal feature selection such as genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization and ant colony optimization are also reviewed. A comparison of various classification systems is presented in tabular form which highlights the important techniques used in the field of PQ disturbance monitoring. The comparison of research works carried out on the classification of PQ disturbances points out that many researchers have focussed on the feature extraction and classification techniques. Only few authors have used the feature selection techniques for selecting the best suitable features. This review may be considered a valuable source for researchers as a reference point to explore the opportunities for further improvement in the field of PQ classification.
196 citations
TL;DR: Proposed method is found to be capable of accurate detection, estimation, localization, and classification of all kinds of PQ disturbances in both noisy and noise-free cases.
Abstract: This paper presents a variational mode decomposition (VMD) and decision tree based detection and classification method of single and mixed power quality (PQ) disturbances in grid-connected distributed generation system. Applicability of VMD technique is investigated for discrimination of stationary PQ disturbances (such as harmonics, interharmonics, and flicker), non-stationary events (e.g., transients) and noise. Studies indicate usefulness of VMD for accurate estimation of phasor quantities such as amplitude, phase angle, and frequency and other describing features. Features namely, mode central frequencies, relative mode energy ratios, zero crossings, and instantaneous amplitude (IA) are extracted for classification of single and mixed PQ disturbances using a decision tree algorithm. A set of synthetic test signals, disturbance signals obtained from real events as well as signals generated from real time digital simulator platform are used to test effectiveness of proposed method, under various system operating scenarios and noise levels. Proposed method is found to be capable of accurate detection, estimation, localization, and classification of all kinds of PQ disturbances in both noisy and noise-free cases.
183 citations
157 citations
Cites background from "A critical review of detection and ..."
...additional power quality issues emerged by renewable DGs lies in the same and general class of PQ issues existing also in the traditional power system but their characteristics fall slightly apart from them.(37,38) It can be foretold that not only the PQ issues caused by the grid and load bus side disturbances will make the seamless integration of renewable DGs a herculean task but also their interaction with disturbances of DGs will worsen the PQ performance....
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References
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Book•
01 Sep 1988
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the computer techniques, mathematical tools, and research results that will enable both students and practitioners to apply genetic algorithms to problems in many fields, including computer programming and mathematics.
Abstract: From the Publisher:
This book brings together - in an informal and tutorial fashion - the computer techniques, mathematical tools, and research results that will enable both students and practitioners to apply genetic algorithms to problems in many fields
Major concepts are illustrated with running examples, and major algorithms are illustrated by Pascal computer programs No prior knowledge of GAs or genetics is assumed, and only a minimum of computer programming and mathematics background is required
52,797 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1995TL;DR: Setting of the learning problem consistency of learning processes bounds on the rate of convergence ofLearning processes controlling the generalization ability of learning process constructing learning algorithms what is important in learning theory?
Abstract: Setting of the learning problem consistency of learning processes bounds on the rate of convergence of learning processes controlling the generalization ability of learning processes constructing learning algorithms what is important in learning theory?.
40,147 citations
"A critical review of detection and ..." refers background or methods in this paper
...Over 150 publications [1–171] are critically reviewed and classified into six major categories....
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...Comparative study of PQ events’ classification techniques is carried out based on critical reviews of publications [88–164]....
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...The foundation of Support Vector Machine (SVM) has been developed by Vapnik [89], where statistical learning theory being the basis provides a new pattern recognition approach....
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...The fourth category [88–164] is on artificial intelligent classification techniques which is further classified into support vector machine based classification [89–102], neural network based classification [103–115], fuzzy-expert system based classification [116–129], neuro-fuzzy system based classification [130– 136], genetic algorithm based classification [137–145] and miscellaneous classification systems [146–164]....
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Book•
01 Oct 1995
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a power quality evaluation procedure for the purpose of measuring the power quality of a power supply. But, they do not define the specific classes of power quality problems.
Abstract: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION What is Power Quality? Power Quality -- Voltage Quality Why Are We Concerned About Power Quality? The Power Quality Evaluation Procedure Who Should Use This Book Overview of the Contents CHAPTER 2: TERMS AND DEFINITIONS Need for a Consistent Vocabulary General Classes of Power Quality Problems Transients Long-Duration Voltage Variations Short-Duration Voltage Variations Voltage Imbalance Waveform Distortion Voltage Fluctuation Power Frequency Variations Power Quality Terms Ambiguous Terms CBEMA and ITI Curves References CHAPTER 3: VOLTAGE SAGS AND INTERRUPTIONS Sources of Sags and Interruptions Estimating Voltage Sag Performance Fundamental Principles of Protection Solutions at the End-User Level Evaluating the Economics of Different Ride-Through Alternatives Motor-Starting Sags Utility System Fault-Clearing Issues References CHAPTER 4: TRANSIENT OVERVOLTAGES Sources of Transient Overvoltages Principles of Overvoltage Protection Devices for Overvoltage Protection Utility Capacitor-Switching Transients Utility System Lightning Protection Managing Ferroresonance Switching Transient Problems with Loads Computer Tools for Transients Analysis References CHAPTER 5: FUNDAMENTALS OF HARMONICS Harmonic Distortion Voltage versus Current Distortion Harmonics versus Transients Harmonic Indexes Harmonic Sources from Commercial Loads Harmonic Sources from Industrial Loads Locating Harmonic Sources System Response Characteristics Effects of Harmonic Distortion Interharmonics References Bibliography CHAPTER 6: APPLIED HARMONICS Harmonic Distortion Evaluations Principles for Controlling Harmonics Where to Control Harmonics Harmonic Studies Devices for Controlling Harmonic Distortion Harmonic Filter Design: A Case Study Case Studies Standards of Harmonics References Bibliography CHAPTER 7: LONG-DURATION VOLTAGE VARIATIONS Principles of Regulating the Voltage Devices for Voltage Regulation Utility Voltage Regulator Application Capacitors for Voltage Regulation End-User Capacitor Application Regulating Utility Voltage with Distributed Resources Flicker References Bibliography CHAPTER 8: POWER QUALITY BENCHMARKING Introduction Benchmarking Process RMS Voltage Variation Indices Harmonics Indices Power Quality Contracts Power Quality Insurance Power Quality State Estimation Including Power Quality in Distribution Planning References Bibliography CHAPTER 9: DISTRIBUTED GENERATION AND POWER QUALITY Resurgence of DG DG Technologies Interface to the Utility System Power Quality Issues Operating Conflicts DG on Distribution Networks Siting DGDistributed Generation Interconnection Standards Summary References Bibliography CHAPTER 10: WIRING AND GROUNDING Resources Definitions Reasons for Grounding Typical Wiring and Grounding Problems Solutions to Wiring and Grounding Problems Bibliography CHAPTER 11: POWER QUALITY MONITORING Monitoring Considerations Historical Perspective of Power Quality Measuring Instruments Power Quality Measurement Equipment Assessment of Power Quality Measurement Data Application of Intelligent Systems Power Quality Monitoring Standards References Index INDEX
1,991 citations
"A critical review of detection and ..." refers background in this paper
...The term power quality (PQ) is generally applied to a wide variety of electromagnetic phenomena occurring within a power system network [2]....
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...Over 150 publications [1–171] are critically reviewed and classified into six major categories....
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...The first [1–17] is on general power quality and their economics as well as standards....
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...Any deviation/disturbance manifested in the voltage, current and frequency from the standard rating is treated as a power quality (PQ) problem that results in failure or malfunctioning of electrical/electronic equipments [2]....
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01 Jun 2003
TL;DR: Empirical Mode Decomposition is presented, and issues related to its effective implementation are discussed, and an interpretation of the method in terms of adaptive constant-Q filter banks is supported.
Abstract: Huang’s data-driven technique of Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) is presented, and issues related to its effective implementation are discussed. A number of algorithmic variations, including new stopping criteria and an on-line version of the algorithm, are proposed. Numerical simulations are used for empirically assessing performance elements related to tone identification and separation. The obtained results support an interpretation of the method in terms of adaptive constant-Q filter banks.
1,448 citations
Book•
23 Nov 1998TL;DR: This chapter discusses Fuzzy Logic in Database Management and Information Systems, as well as its applications in Genetic Algorithms, Pattern Recognition, and Neuro-Fuzzy Systems.
Abstract: 1. Introduction. 2. Basic Concepts of Fuzzy Logic. 3. Fuzzy Sets. 4. Fuzzy Relations, Fuzzy Graphs, and Fuzzy Arithmetic. 5. Fuzzy If-Then Rules. 6. Fuzzy Implications and Approximate Reasoning. 7. Fuzzy Logic and Probability Theory. 8. Fuzzy Logic in Control Engineering. 9. Hierarchical Intelligent Control. 10. Analytical Issues in Fuzzy Logic Control. 11. Fuzzy Logic and Artificial Intelligence. 12. Fuzzy Logic in Database Management and Information Systems. 13. Fuzzy Logic in Pattern Recognition. 14. Fuzzy Model Identification. 15.Advanced Topics of Fuzzy Model Identification. 16.Neuro-Fuzzy Systems. 17. Genetic Algorithms and Fuzzy Logic. References. Index.
1,025 citations
"A critical review of detection and ..." refers background or methods in this paper
...Over 150 publications [1–171] are critically reviewed and classified into six major categories....
[...]
...Comparative study of PQ events’ classification techniques is carried out based on critical reviews of publications [88–164]....
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...It is motivated by observing that human reasoning can utilize concepts and knowledge that do not have well defined or sharp boundaries [118]....
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...The fourth category [88–164] is on artificial intelligent classification techniques which is further classified into support vector machine based classification [89–102], neural network based classification [103–115], fuzzy-expert system based classification [116–129], neuro-fuzzy system based classification [130– 136], genetic algorithm based classification [137–145] and miscellaneous classification systems [146–164]....
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