A cyanogenetic lipid fromCordia verbenacea DC. Seed oil
TL;DR: Cyanogenetic nonglycerol diesters, which are composed of two fatty acid moieties esterified with an unsaturated five-carbon dihydroxynitrile, constitute 35% of Cordia verbenacea DC (Boraginaceae) seed oil.
Abstract: Cyanogenetic nonglycerol diesters, which are composed of two fatty acid moieties esterified with an unsaturated five-carbon dihydroxynitrile, constitute 35% ofCordia verbenacea DC. (Boraginaceae) seed oil.
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TL;DR: The literature dealing with the detection, isolation, purification and characterization of cyanogenic glycosides has been integrated with spectral and chemical data as well as other techniques from our laboratory as discussed by the authors.
131 citations
TL;DR: The data on occurrence and distribution of unusual fatty acids in the plant kingdom will be useful in chemistry, botany, search for renewable resources, plant breeding, gene technology or gene transfer and indirectly also for enzyme design.
Abstract: In a time of diminishing resources, a better knowledge of nature's biodiversity is important. The plant kingdom contains lipids with an astonishing variety of structures, particularly so in angiosperm seed oils. Lipids as natural products are an exciting field of research. Over many years, the Institute for Chemistry and Physics of Lipids in Munster has collected seed oil fatty acid composition data, which were sorted by plant botanical name. Although this collection contained numerous examples for the occurrence, distribution, and content of fatty acids with unusual structures in various concentrations, they could not be searched for manually. This data collection has now been transferred into an electronically searchable database, offering a variety of search routines. Currently it contains about 110, 000 individual data in 17, 500 sets, relating to more than 7, 000 different plant species. About 500 different fatty acids are listed. The database permits searches for plant species, genera and families, for individual fatty acids and combinations of fatty acids in their seed oils, and for their percentage contents in form of fatty acid composition tables. It also contains literature references and close to 1, 000 unpublished data from analyses carried out by GLC analysis between 1986 and 2002 in the Institute for Chemistry and Physics of Lipids. Most interestingly, fatty acid partial structures or functional groups can also be searched for, yielding the percentage contents of relevant fatty acids, using a specially developed “Delta-Notation” system. The data on occurrence and distribution of unusual fatty acids in the plant kingdom will be useful in chemistry, botany, search for renewable resources, plant breeding, gene technology or gene transfer and indirectly also for enzyme design. A number of examples for “search” and find operations are given and may help to illustrate the usefulness of the new database.
64 citations
46 citations
TL;DR: The distribution of plants in the northeastern United States that contain cyanogenic compounds is surveyed and investigation of the biology and chemistry of these plants should prove especially profitable.
Abstract: We have surveyed the distribution of plants in the northeastern United States that contain cyanogenic compounds. Approximately 200 species of plants from 45 families are known to contain compounds capable of liberating hydrogen cyanide upon hydrolysis. These are primarily found in the Gramineae, Ranunculaceae and the Rosaceae. The chemical structures compounds of the cyanogens have been studied in only a small number of the species included, and investigation of the biology and chemistry of these plants should prove especially profitable.
43 citations
TL;DR: A number of seed oils have been investigated with respect to their cyanolipid constituents as mentioned in this paper, which consist of long-chain fatty acids esterified with an unsaturated isoprenoid hydroxy- or dihydroxynitrile.
Abstract: A number of sapindaceous seed oils have been investigated with respect to their cyanolipid constituents. All but one of the oils have this new class of lipids in amounts ranging from 13% to 55%. These cyanolipids are of four different types, but all consist of long-chain fatty acids esterified with an unsaturated isoprenoid hydroxy- or dihydroxynitrile. The large amounts of C20 acids usually found in these oils indicate an appreciable cyanolipid content because such acids are preferentially incorporated in nitrile-containing fractions.Cardiospermum halicacabum L. seed oil was shown to contain 49% of a diester having two fatty acid moieties esterified with 1-cyano-2-hydroxymethylprop-2-ene-1-ol and 6% of another diester derived from 1-cyano-2-hydroxymethylprop-1-ene-3-ol. Treatment of the latter diester with methanolic hydrogen chloride produces methyl 4,4-dimethoxy-3-(methoxymethyl) butyrate from the dihydroxynitrile moiety.
40 citations
References
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Book•
01 Jan 1962
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a survey of research work in physics, physical sciences, and physical chemistry, focusing on physics, chemistry, physics, and biology. But they do not discuss their work in this paper.
Abstract: This book should be of interest to senior undergraduates, postgraduates and research workers in physics, physical sciences, physical chemistry.
8,754 citations
57 citations
TL;DR: The N.M.R. spectra of the cis octadecenoic (Δ 2 -Δ 17 ), octadecynoic ( Δ 2 −Δ 5, Δ 10 ), and dodecynoic acids have been recorded as discussed by the authors.
46 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the location and nature of cyanogenic compounds in kusum oil were determined using chromatographic and infrared spectroscopy methods, and it was shown that at least two glyceride molecules are involved.
Abstract: Chemical methods, chromatography and infrared spectroscopy have been applied to ascertain the location and nature of the cyanogenic compounds in kusum oil. Observations indicate the cyanogenic compounds to be a part of glyceride molecules in which one of the hydroxyl groups of the latter is bonded to the cyanogenic compound through an ether linkage. Chromatographic behavior of the isolated cyanogenic compounds further indicates that at least two glyceride molecules are involved. These glycerides are predominantly esterified with saturated fatty acids.
22 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a small amount of C6H18O5 was found in the seed oil of Cardiospermum halicacabum L. The molecular weight was confirmed by the mass spectrum.
15 citations