A detailed study of the periodate oxidation of sialic acids in glycoproteins.
TL;DR: Periodate oxidation of terminalN-acetyl- andN-glycoloylneuraminic acid residues in the mucins from edible bird nest substance and pig submandibular gland can be carried out under conditions which exclusively give rise to the formation of the C-7 analogues of these sialic acids.
Abstract: Periodate oxidation of terminalN-acetyl- andN-glycoloylneuraminic acid residues in the mucins from edible bird nest substance and pig submandibular gland, respectively, can be carried out under conditions which exclusively give rise to the formation of the C-7 analogues of these sialic acids. In contrast, the C-8 compounds can be obtained in a maximum yield of about 40%. Under identical conditions,N-glycoloylneuraminic acid is oxidized about 1.5 times faster than theN-acetylated derivative. After release of the sialic acids by acid hydrolysis, the characterization of the oxidation products was carried out by TLC, by GLC and GLC-MS of the corresponding pertrimethylsilyl derivatives, and by 500-MHz1H-NMR spectroscopy. In addition, molar response factors for GLC analysis and extinction coefficients in the orcinol/Fe3+/HCl assay were determined.
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: A method has been developed to determine the location and order of activation for potential saccharide antigens used in conjugate vaccine development.
31 citations
TL;DR: This chapter presents a summary of early cell-physiological studies with monoclonal antibodies that led to the independent discoveries of endothelial (E), platelet (P), and leukocyte (L)-selectins in the fields of vascular physiology, platelet activation, and lymphocyte trafficking.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter provides a synoptic review of several investigations that have converged and synergistically interacted to develop clinically useful anti-inflammatory therapeutics from inhibitors of selectin–ligand interactions. The chapter presents a summary of early cell-physiological studies with monoclonal antibodies that led to the independent discoveries of endothelial (E), platelet (P), and leukocyte (L)-selectins in the fields of vascular physiology, platelet activation, and lymphocyte trafficking. The chapter also discusses the results of these investigations, important insights are provided on the cellular distribution and mode of expression of the selectins, and their roles in acute and chronic inflammation. Application of the methods of molecular genetics has led to the molecular characterization and expression cloning of the selectins. The typical domain structure of the selectins, most notably the N-terminal lectin domain with its high degree of homology, not only among the selectins but also with previously known, C-(Ca 2+ )-type mammalian lectins, such as liver lectin or mannose-binding proteins is presented. The chapter also discusses the structures of the carbohydrate determinants that would physiologically bind to the lectin domains of the selectins, leading to the identification of the common sialyl-Lewis x (sLe x ) tetrasaccharide motif.
26 citations
Patent•
07 Jun 1996TL;DR: In this paper, chemically modified group B polysaccharides of Neisseria meningitidis are conjugated to a protein carrier, and vaccines are provided, in which the respective modified polysacchides are conjUGated to proteins, and the like.
Abstract: The invention relates to chemically-modified group B polysaccharides of Neisseria meningitidis. The invention also provides vaccines in which the respective modified polysaccharides are conjugated to a protein carrier, and the like. More specifically, the present invention provides novel group B meningococcal unsaturated N-acyl derivative polysaccharides, novel conjugates of the group B meningococcal unsaturated N-acyl derivative polysaccharides, pharmaceutical compositions comprising conjugate molecules of group B meningococcal unsaturated N-acyl derivative polysaccharide fragments covalently bound to proteins, and the use of these compositions as vaccines.
23 citations
TL;DR: The conversion of EBN glycoproteins to glycopeptides via suitable hydrolysis methods to produce bioactive EBN glycopePTides was demonstrated, and it showed improvements in the functionality and nutritional values of Ebn.
Abstract: Edible bird’s nest (EBN), the swiftlet’s nest, has been consumed for centuries as a tonic or health food. The information upon the usage and benefits of the EBN are largely based on historical and ...
23 citations
Patent•
06 Jun 1996TL;DR: In this paper, the process for depolymerizing Group B Types II and III Streptococcus is disclosed which results in polysaccharide fragments having a reducing end suitable for conjugating to protein.
Abstract: The process for depolymerizing Group B Types II and III Streptococcus is disclosed which results in polysaccharide fragments having a reducing end suitable for conjugating to protein. Conjugate molecules, vaccines and their use to immunize mammals including humans are also disclosed.
23 citations
References
More filters
TL;DR: This chapter discusses the different aspects of thiobarbituric acid assay of sialic acid, which is suitable for measuring the release of bound sialoic acid by sialidase and hydrolysis of sIALic acid-containing material must be carried out for the measurement of total sialsic acids.
6,264 citations
TL;DR: This chapter presents literature data on the high-resolution, 1H-NMR spectroscopy of carbohydrates derived from glycoconjugates and discusses the results for carbohydrates related to the glycoproteins of N-glycosylic type.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the application of high-resolution, 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to the structural analysis of carbohydrates related to glycoproteins. Glycoproteins are biopolymers consisting of a polypeptide backbone bearing one or more covalently linked carbohydrate chains. The carbohydrate chains of glycoproteins may be classified according to the type of linkage to the polypeptide backbone. N-Glycosylic chains are attached to the amide group of asparagine (Asn), whereas the O-glycosylic chains are linked to the hydroxyl group of amino acid residues such as serine (Ser), threonine (Thr), and hydroxylysine (Hyl). The high-resolution, 1H-NMR spectroscopy technique, in conjunction with methylation analysis, is extremely suitable for the structural studies of N-, as well as on O-, glycosylic glycans. For the interpretation of the 1H-NMR spectrum of a carbohydrate chain in terms of primary structural assignments, the concept of “structural reporter groups” was developed. This means that the chemical shifts of protons resonating at clearly distinguishable positions in the spectrum, together with their coupling constants and the line widths of their signals, bear the information essential to permit the assigning of the primary structure. This chapter presents literature data on the high-resolution, 1H-NMR spectroscopy of carbohydrates derived from glycoconjugates. It also discusses the results for carbohydrates related to the glycoproteins of N-glycosylic type.
797 citations
TL;DR: This simple method of specifically introducing a radioactive label into cell surface sialic acids is useful in the study of cell surfaceSialic acid-containing glycoproteins.
482 citations
230 citations
01 Jan 1982
TL;DR: The discovery and the widespread occurrence of the sialic acids in mammalian tissues has been correlated with a range of different biological functions (see chapter J), and the known spectrum of derivatives covered in this chapter continues to expand.
Abstract: The discovery and the widespread occurrence of the sialic acids in mammalian tissues (Blix 1936, Klenk 1941) has been correlated with a range of different biological functions (see chapter J) which continues to expand. Although the literature on sialic acid occurrence is large (Gottschalk 1960, Blix and Jeanloz 1969, Tuppy and Gottschalk 1972, Schauer 1973, Ng and Dain 1976), it has been essentially limited to the vertebrates and some examples from the Echinodermata and Bacteria. Only one survey of sialic acid distribution in different phyla has been published (Warren 1963). Current data on sialic acid structure is compiled in Table 1, introducing the known spectrum of derivatives covered in this chapter.
168 citations