A detailed study of the periodate oxidation of sialic acids in glycoproteins.
TL;DR: Periodate oxidation of terminalN-acetyl- andN-glycoloylneuraminic acid residues in the mucins from edible bird nest substance and pig submandibular gland can be carried out under conditions which exclusively give rise to the formation of the C-7 analogues of these sialic acids.
Abstract: Periodate oxidation of terminalN-acetyl- andN-glycoloylneuraminic acid residues in the mucins from edible bird nest substance and pig submandibular gland, respectively, can be carried out under conditions which exclusively give rise to the formation of the C-7 analogues of these sialic acids. In contrast, the C-8 compounds can be obtained in a maximum yield of about 40%. Under identical conditions,N-glycoloylneuraminic acid is oxidized about 1.5 times faster than theN-acetylated derivative. After release of the sialic acids by acid hydrolysis, the characterization of the oxidation products was carried out by TLC, by GLC and GLC-MS of the corresponding pertrimethylsilyl derivatives, and by 500-MHz1H-NMR spectroscopy. In addition, molar response factors for GLC analysis and extinction coefficients in the orcinol/Fe3+/HCl assay were determined.
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TL;DR: Mild acid hydrolysis, however, did not release radioactively labeled sialic acids or derivatives as tested by radio thin-layer chromatography, suggesting that P. redivivus does not contain or synthesize sIALic acids.
3 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Gamma irradiation improved the microbiological quality of the EBN samples without affecting their amino acid profiles, and gamma irradiation at doses as high as 10.0 and 20.0 kGy did not produce significant changes in the amino Acid profiles of theEBN samples compared to the non-irradiated samples.
Abstract: The effect of gamma irradiation was determined on the microbiological quality and amino acid profile of edible bird nest (EBN) powder. Seven doses of irradiation were used: 0.0 (control), 1.0, 2.0, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 20.0 and 30.0 kGy. The total plate count (TPC) of EBN samples that were inhibited or had TPC < 100 colony forming units (CFU).g-1 at 20.0 kGy was determined. An irradiation dose of 5.0 kGy was required to reduce the coliform and Staphylococcus aureus counts to below 100 CFU.g-1 and the yeast and mold counts to below 1,000 CFU.g-1, while for Escherichia coli, 1.0 kGy was sufficient to inhibit or reduce the count to below 100 CFU.g-1. Salmonella spp. was not detected in any sample. A minimum irradiation dose of 20 kGy was required to sterilize the EBN powder samples most effectively. The pH and water activity values of the samples were in the ranges 8.34–8.90 and 0.621–0.674, respectively. The microbiological quality changes of irradiated samples were caused by the gamma irradiation alone. Gamma irradiation at doses as high as 10.0 and 20.0 kGy did not produce significant changes in the amino acid profiles of the EBN samples compared to the non-irradiated samples. Gamma irradiation improved the microbiological quality of the EBN samples without affecting their amino acid profiles.
3 citations
Cites background from "A detailed study of the periodate o..."
...In addition, many studies have indicated that various bird nests have abundant sialic acid-containing sugar chains (Martin et al., 1977; Pozsgay et al., 1987; Wieruszeski et al., 1987; Reuter et al., 1989; Kakehi et al., 1994)....
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Patent•
11 Feb 1998TL;DR: In this paper, chemically modified group B polysaccharides of Neisseria meningitidis are conjugated to a protein carrier, and vaccines are provided, in which the respective modified polysacchides are conjUGated to proteins, and the like.
Abstract: The invention relates to chemically-modified group B polysaccharides of Neisseria meningitidis. The invention also provides vaccines in which the respective modified polysaccharides are conjugated to a protein carrier, and the like. More specifically, the present invention provides novel group B meningococcal unsaturated N-acyl derivative polysaccharides, novel conjugates of the group B meningococcal unsaturated N-acyl derivative polysaccharides, pharmaceutical compositions comprising conjugate molecules of group B meningococcal unsaturated N-acyl derivative polysaccharide fragments covalently bound to proteins, and the use of these compositions as vaccines.
3 citations
Patent•
18 May 2001TL;DR: The process for depolymerizing Group B Types II and III streptococcal polysaccharide is described in this paper, which results in polysac-charide fragments having a reducing end suitable for conjugating to protein.
Abstract: The process for depolymerizing Group B Types II and III streptococcal polysaccharide is disclosed which results in polysaccharide fragments having a reducing end suitable for conjugating to protein. Conjugate molecules, vaccines and their use to immunize mammals including humans are also disclosed.
2 citations
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TL;DR: This chapter discusses the different aspects of thiobarbituric acid assay of sialic acid, which is suitable for measuring the release of bound sialoic acid by sialidase and hydrolysis of sIALic acid-containing material must be carried out for the measurement of total sialsic acids.
6,264 citations
TL;DR: This chapter presents literature data on the high-resolution, 1H-NMR spectroscopy of carbohydrates derived from glycoconjugates and discusses the results for carbohydrates related to the glycoproteins of N-glycosylic type.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the application of high-resolution, 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to the structural analysis of carbohydrates related to glycoproteins. Glycoproteins are biopolymers consisting of a polypeptide backbone bearing one or more covalently linked carbohydrate chains. The carbohydrate chains of glycoproteins may be classified according to the type of linkage to the polypeptide backbone. N-Glycosylic chains are attached to the amide group of asparagine (Asn), whereas the O-glycosylic chains are linked to the hydroxyl group of amino acid residues such as serine (Ser), threonine (Thr), and hydroxylysine (Hyl). The high-resolution, 1H-NMR spectroscopy technique, in conjunction with methylation analysis, is extremely suitable for the structural studies of N-, as well as on O-, glycosylic glycans. For the interpretation of the 1H-NMR spectrum of a carbohydrate chain in terms of primary structural assignments, the concept of “structural reporter groups” was developed. This means that the chemical shifts of protons resonating at clearly distinguishable positions in the spectrum, together with their coupling constants and the line widths of their signals, bear the information essential to permit the assigning of the primary structure. This chapter presents literature data on the high-resolution, 1H-NMR spectroscopy of carbohydrates derived from glycoconjugates. It also discusses the results for carbohydrates related to the glycoproteins of N-glycosylic type.
797 citations
TL;DR: This simple method of specifically introducing a radioactive label into cell surface sialic acids is useful in the study of cell surfaceSialic acid-containing glycoproteins.
482 citations
230 citations
01 Jan 1982
TL;DR: The discovery and the widespread occurrence of the sialic acids in mammalian tissues has been correlated with a range of different biological functions (see chapter J), and the known spectrum of derivatives covered in this chapter continues to expand.
Abstract: The discovery and the widespread occurrence of the sialic acids in mammalian tissues (Blix 1936, Klenk 1941) has been correlated with a range of different biological functions (see chapter J) which continues to expand. Although the literature on sialic acid occurrence is large (Gottschalk 1960, Blix and Jeanloz 1969, Tuppy and Gottschalk 1972, Schauer 1973, Ng and Dain 1976), it has been essentially limited to the vertebrates and some examples from the Echinodermata and Bacteria. Only one survey of sialic acid distribution in different phyla has been published (Warren 1963). Current data on sialic acid structure is compiled in Table 1, introducing the known spectrum of derivatives covered in this chapter.
168 citations