A Detailed Theoretical Study of the Anomalies of a Sinusoidal Diffraction Grating
TL;DR: Theoretical counterparts for the experimental efficiency curves obtained by Hutley and Bird in the visible region for a holographic grating covered consecutively with films of silver, aluminium and gold are presented in this paper.
Abstract: Theoretical counterparts are presented for the experimental efficiency curves obtained by Hutley and Bird in the visible region for a holographic grating covered consecutively with films of silver, aluminium and gold. It is thus shown that the recently developed formulation of Maystre, which takes into account the finite conductivity of the grating surface, gives results in quantitative agreement with experiment. This not only validates the theory, but also demonstrates that the difficulties associated with profile determination and oxide films, which have in the past led some experimenters to renounce the visible region and perform measurements on millimetre-wave gratings, are not in fact insuperable. It is also shown that only a theoretical model which takes into account groove depth effects can hope to predict accurately the locations of regions of enhanced energy absorption by gratings.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the interaction of light with two-dimensional periodic arrays of particles and holes is analyzed and the role of plasmons in these types of structures through analytical considerations.
Abstract: This Colloquium analyzes the interaction of light with two-dimensional periodic arrays of particles and holes. The enhanced optical transmission observed in the latter and the presence of surface modes in patterned metal surfaces is thoroughly discussed. A review of the most significant discoveries in this area is presented first. A simple tutorial model is then formulated to capture the essential physics involved in these phenomena, while allowing analytical derivations that provide deeper insight. Comparison with more elaborated calculations is offered as well. Finally, hole arrays in plasmon-supporting metals are compared to perforated perfect conductors, thus assessing the role of plasmons in these types of structures through analytical considerations. The developments that have been made in nanophotonics areas related to plasmons in nanostructures, extraordinary optical transmission in hole arrays, complete resonant absorption and emission of light, and invisibility in structured metals are illustrated in this Colloquium in a comprehensive, tutorial fashion.
1,156 citations
Cites background from "A Detailed Theoretical Study of the..."
...The basic understanding of these differences were laid out by Maystre (1972) in the context of diffraction gratings (see also McPhedran and Maystre, 1974, and Maystre, 1984)....
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TL;DR: In this article, a series of plasmonic and metamaterial structures can work as efficient narrowband absorbers due to the excitation of plasmic or photonic resonances, providing a great potential for applications in designing selective thermal emitters, biosensing, etc.
Abstract: Electromagnetic absorbers have drawn increasing attention in many areas. A series of plasmonic and metamaterial structures can work as efficient narrowband absorbers due to the excitation of plasmonic or photonic resonances, providing a great potential for applications in designing selective thermal emitters, biosensing, etc. In other applications such as solar-energy harvesting and photonic detection, the bandwidth of light absorbers is required to be quite broad. Under such a background, a variety of mechanisms of broadband/multiband absorption have been proposed, such as mixing multiple resonances together, exciting phase resonances, slowing down light by anisotropic metamaterials, employing high loss materials and so on.
455 citations
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TL;DR: A series of plasmonic and metamaterial structures can work as efficient narrow band absorbers, providing a great potential for applications in designing selective thermal emitters, bio-sensing, etc as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Electromagnetic absorbers have drawn increasing attention in many areas. A series of plasmonic and metamaterial structures can work as efficient narrow band absorbers due to the excitation of plasmonic or photonic resonances, providing a great potential for applications in designing selective thermal emitters, bio-sensing, etc. In other applications such as solar energy harvesting and photonic detection, the bandwidth of light absorbers is required to be quite broad. Under such a background, a variety of mechanisms of broadband/multiband absorption have been proposed, such as mixing multiple resonances together, exciting phase resonances, slowing down light by anisotropic metamaterials, employing high loss materials and so on.
433 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe a phenomenon in which a gratinng with very shallow grooves absorbs virtually all of the light of a given wavelength which is incident upon it.
265 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a new rigorous integral formalism for the theoretical study of dielectric coated gratings and grating couplers is presented, which applies in the resonance domain, where the wavelength of the incident field and the groove spacing are of the same order of magnitude.
Abstract: We present a new rigorous integral formalism for the theoretical study of dielectric coated gratings and grating couplers. It applies in the resonance domain, where the wavelength of the incident field and the groove spacing are of the same order of magnitude. The computed program issued from this theory extends the domain of application of the previous differential or integral theories. It can be used to investigate, with a very good accuracy, the properties of bare or dielectric coated gratings, for any groove shape and any polarization, in the entire visible, ultraviolet, and infrared regions. Various classical criteria are used to control the validity of the numerical results and comparisons are made with the numerical results obtained using the previous integral and differential formalisms. Two examples of applications are given. First, we show that the new possibilities of our program lead to a better agreement between theoretical results and experimental data. Second, a theoretical study of a certain type of grating coupler is given.
163 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a new theory of Wood's anomalies is presented which is based on a guided wave approach rather than the customary multiple scattering procedure, which provides both new insight and a method of calculation.
Abstract: A new theory of Wood’s anomalies is presented which is based on a guided wave approach rather than the customary multiple scattering procedure. This approach provides both new insight and a method of calculation. It is shown that two distinct types of anomalies may exist: a Rayleigh wavelength type due to the emergence of a new spectal order at grazing angle, and a resonance type which is related to the guided complex waves supportable by the grating. A general theoretical treatment is presented which makes use of a surface reactance to take into account the standing waves in the grating grooves, and which derives the locations and detailed shapes of the anomalies. Rigorous results are obtained for a specific example; the amplitudes of all of the spectral orders are determined explicitly, and the Wood’s anomaly effects are demonstrated clearly in graphical form for a variety of cases.
1,099 citations
TL;DR: The Wood anomalies are dark or bright bands in the spectrum produced by a diffraction grating as discussed by the authors, which occur at observed wavelengths for which light of the same wavelength is diffracted in another order so as to graze the surface of the grating.
Abstract: The Wood anomalies are dark or bright bands in the spectrum produced by a diffraction grating. They occur at observed wavelengths for which light of the same wavelength is diffracted in another order so as to graze the surface of the grating. The equations describing the position of the anomalies are discussed for a variety of grating arrangements. Some experimental observations of Wood anomalies are described, including a new finding concerning the reluctance of two anomalies to coincide. Finally, a discussion is given of spectrophotometric errors introduced by Wood anomalies.
116 citations
91 citations
TL;DR: In this article, anomalous polarization peaks for Al2O3 layers in the vacuum ultraviolet (at ∼ 1,600 A) were shown to shift significantly to longer wavelengths for only a few angstroms (up to 50 A) of oxide thickness, while for thicknesses greater than ∼ 50 A any further shift is small.
Abstract: Anomalies in the intensity ofp-polarized light from concave diffraction gratings (Wood's anomalies) have been used to obtain surface plasmon dispersion curves for dielectric-metal layers on the grating surface. These include a 350 A MgF2 layer and Al2O3 layers varying from a few angstroms to over 800 A on an Al substrate. The wavelength range of the incident and diffracted light is from the visible to the vacuum ultraviolet (7,500−500 A). Anomalous polarization peaks for Al2O3 layers in the vacuum ultraviolet (at ∼ 1,600 A) are shown to shift significantly to longer wavelengths for only a few angstroms (up to 50 A) of oxide thickness, while for thicknesses greater than ∼ 50 A any further shift is small. In the visible region (> 4,000 A), on the other hand, the wavelength shifts are small for dielectric thicknesses up to ∼ 50 A, but are large for thicknesses of several hundred angstroms. These results are in substantial agreement with the theoretical dispersion curves for these cases. Also considered are some of the effects of diffusion pump oil.
67 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a numerical integral equation approach was used to determine the efficiencies of finite conductivity gratings, and the results showed that the gratings achieved the best performance.
67 citations