A Distributed MEMS Based Biosensor for Detection of Staphylococcus Aureus
01 Feb 2018-
TL;DR: In this article, a method for detection of Staphylococcus Aureus using a RF Microelectromechanical systems based biological sensor is proposed in two ways, one is based on CPW (coplanar waveguide) and the other one was based on DMTL (distributed microelectronemechanical system based transmission line).
Abstract: A method for detection of Staphylococcus Aureus using a RF Microelectromechanical systems based biological sensor is proposed in this manuscript. The sensor was structured in two ways, one is based on CPW (coplanar waveguide) and the other is based on DMTL (distributed micro-electromechanical systems based transmission line). The bacteria chosen for study are Staphylococcus aureus which were modelled as a spherical-shell structure derived from their electrical properties. Initially the coplanar waveguide model was used. The scattering parameters were examined and found to deviate with the increase in the amount of bacterial cells placed on the waveguide. Furthermore, the DMTL was designed by introducing equally spaced nickel bridges over CPW. Improvement in the quality factor of resonant peaks was observed through the study of its reflection coefficients and therefore helps associate the amount of bacterial cells to the change in resonant frequency.
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TL;DR: The features of biofilm infections are summarized, the emerging mechanisms of resistance are reviewed, and potential therapies are discussed.
Abstract: Bacteria that adhere to implanted medical devices or damaged tissue can encase themselves in a hydrated matrix of polysaccharide and protein, and form a slimy layer known as a biofilm. Antibiotic resistance of bacteria in the biofilm mode of growth contributes to the chronicity of infections such as those associated with implanted medical devices. The mechanisms of resistance in biofilms are different from the now familiar plasmids, transposons, and mutations that confer innate resistance to individual bacterial cells. In biofilms, resistance seems to depend on multicellular strategies. We summarise the features of biofilm infections, review emerging mechanisms of resistance, and discuss potential therapies.
3,713 citations
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01 Jan 2001
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the characteristics of conventional, Micromachined, and Superconducting Coplanar Waveguides, as well as their transitions in directional couplers, hybrid, and magic-Ts.
Abstract: Preface Introduction Conventional Coplanar Waveguide Conductor-Backed Coplanar Waveguide Coplanar Waveguide with Finite-Width Ground Planes Coplanar Waveguide Suspended Inside A Conducting Enclosure Coplanar Striplines Microshield Lines and Coupled Coplanar Waveguide Attenuation Characteristics of Conventional, Micromachined, and Superconducting Coplanar Waveguides Coplanar Waveguide Discontinuities and Circuit Elements Coplanar Waveguide Transitions Directional Couplers, Hybrids, and Magic-Ts Coplanar Waveguide Applications References Index
1,162 citations
"A Distributed MEMS Based Biosensor ..." refers background in this paper
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TL;DR: It is concluded that inanimate surfaces near affected patients commonly become contaminated with MRSA and that the frequency of contamination is affected by the body site at which patients are colonized or infected.
Abstract: Objective:To study the possible role of contaminated environmental surfaces as a reservoir of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in hospitals.Design:A prospective culture survey of inanimate objects in the rooms of patients with MRSA.Setting:A 200-bed university-affiliated teaching hospital.Patients:Thirty-eight consecutive patients colonized or infected with MRSA. Patients represented endemic MRSA cases.Results:Ninety-six (27%) of 350 surfaces sampled in the rooms of affected patients were contaminated with MRSA. When patients had MRSA in a wound or urine, 36% of surfaces were contaminated. In contrast, when MRSA was isolated from other body sites, only 6% of surfaces were contaminated (odds ratio, 8.8; 95% confidence interval, 3.725.5; Pく.0001). Environmental contamination occurred in the rooms of 73% of infected patients and 69% of colonized patients. Frequently contaminated objects included the floor, bed linens, the patient's gown, overbed tables, and blood pressure cuffs. Sixty-five percent of nurses who had performed morning patient-care activities on patients with MRSA in a wound or urine contaminated their nursing uniforms or gowns with MRSA. Forty-two percent of personnel who had no direct contact with such patients, but had touched contaminated surfaces, contaminated their gloves with MRSA.Conclusions:We concluded that inanimate surfaces near affected patients commonly become contaminated with MRSA and that the frequency of contamination is affected by the body site at which patients are colonized or infected. That personnel may contaminate their gloves (or possibly their hands) by touching such surfaces suggests that contaminated environmental surfaces may serve as a reservoir of MRSA in hospitals.
750 citations
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206 citations
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TL;DR: Topical WR12 and D-IK8 have the potential to be used as a topical antimicrobial agent for the treatment of staphylococcal skin infections and disrupted established in vitro biofilms of S. aureus and S. epidermidis.
Abstract: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections present a serious challenge because of the emergence of resistance to numerous conventional antibiotics. Due to their unique mode of action, antimicrobial peptides are novel alternatives to traditional antibiotics for tackling the issue of bacterial multidrug resistance. Herein, we investigated the antibacterial activity of two short novel peptides (WR12, a 12 residue peptide composed exclusively of arginine and tryptophan, and D-IK8, an eight residue β-sheet peptide) against multidrug resistant staphylococci. In vitro, both peptides exhibited good antibacterial activity against MRSA, vancomycin-resistant S. aureus, linezolid-resistant S. aureus, and methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis. WR12 and D-IK8 were able to eradicate persisters, MRSA in stationary growth phase, and showed significant clearance of intracellular MRSA in comparison to both vancomycin and linezolid. In vivo, topical WR12 and D-IK8 significantly reduced both the bacterial load and the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in MRSA-infected skin lesions. Moreover, both peptides disrupted established in vitro biofilms of S. aureus and S. epidermidis significantly more so than traditional antimicrobials tested. Taken together, these results support the potential of WR12 and D-IK8 to be used as a topical antimicrobial agent for the treatment of staphylococcal skin infections.
150 citations
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