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A distribution-free approach for selecting better treatment through an ethical allocation
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In this article, the authors provided a statistical inference on comparative performances of two treatments in a clinical trial under a two-stage adaptive allocation design, where a fixed number (2m+n, say) of subjects are available for treatment by any of the two competing treatments, for a particular ailment.Abstract:
The present article provides a statistical inference on comparative performances of two treatments in a clinical trial under a two-stage adaptive allocation design Suppose a fixed number (2m+n, say) of subjects are available for treatment by any of the two competing treatments, say, A and B for a particular ailment As per the proposed allocation design, 2m incoming subjects are randomised equally between A and B at the first stage Then, at the second stage, the remaining n subjects are exclusively assigned to the treatment which has higher observed median response evaluated in the first stage Under such an ethical allocation design we decide on the better treatment through an asymptotically distribution-free test procedure The related asymptotic results are also studiedread more
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Book
Theory of rank tests
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an elementary theory of rank tests and a set of properties of rank estimators, including asymptotic optimality and efficiency, as well as non-null distributions.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Randomized Play-the-Winner Rule in Medical Trials
L. J. Wei,S. Durham +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a simple randomized treatment assignment rule is proposed and analyzed in a sequential medical trial, and on the average this rule assigns more patients to the better treatment, and it is applicable to the case where patients have delayed responses to treatments.
Journal ArticleDOI
Play the Winner Rule and the Controlled Clinical Trial
TL;DR: Investigation of the conduct of a clinical trial where the “Play the Winner Rule” (PWR) is used to assign patients to the different therapies shows that over a wide range of situations this rule leads to near optimum results when used in a two-stage manner.
Book
Randomization in Clinical Trials: Theory and Practice
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of bias bias bias on the allocation of treatment allocation in clinical trials are discussed, including the effect of unobserved covariates Selection bias Randomization as a Basis for Inference Inference for Stratified, Blocked, and Covariate-Adjusted Analyses Randomization in Practice Response-Adaptive Randomization Inference For Response Adaptive Rondomization Response Adaptation Randomization is used in Clinical Trials.