A dual-band filter using stepped-impedance resonator (SIR) embedded into substrate integrated waveguide (SIW)
01 Dec 2010-pp 1-4
TL;DR: In this article, a hybrid-integrated dual-band filter was proposed for WLAN application, where the lower passband was implemented by a pair of stepped-impedance resonators (SIRs) and the higher passband is provided by two substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavities.
Abstract: A new hybrid-integrated dual-band filter is proposed for WLAN application, where the lower passband is implemented by a pair of stepped-impedance resonators (SIRs) and the higher passband is provided by two substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavities. In our design, the SIRs are embedded into the SIWs to reduce the size. The relationship between the parasitic resonances of SIW structure and the locations of its transmission zeros is studied. Its good performances have been demonstrated by the simulated and measured S-parameters.
Citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the synthesis design techniques of SIW dual-band bandpass filters (BPFs) and wide-stopband BPFs are demonstrated on the basis of these characteristics.
Abstract: Resonance characteristics of substrate-integrated rectangular cavity (SIRC) are systematically analyzed in this paper. Synthesis design techniques of substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) dual-band bandpass filters (BPFs) and wide-stopband BPFs are demonstrated on the basis of these characteristics. The design concept of dual-band BPFs is to add some extra single-mode SIRC resonators to dual-mode resonator filters to increase the degrees of freedom in extracting direct-coupling coefficients, while the external quality factors $Q_{e}$ and cross-coupling coefficients desired in two passbands can be realized simultaneously by determining proper offset position of the I/O ports and cross-coupling window, respectively. Consequently, all the design parameters including $Q_{e}$ and coupling coefficients $M_{ij}$ required for both the passbands could be satisfied. The principle of wide-stopband BPFs is to select the constitutive SIRC resonators with identical fundamental frequency but staggered higher order ones to suppress multispurious peaks to low levels and narrow bandwidths. Then emphasis is placed on the rejection of TE202 mode, with its resonant frequency two times of TE101 for all SIRC resonators, by centered I/O ports and coupling windows. Several experimental prototypes of SIW dual-band BPFs and wide-stopband BPFs are designed and fabricated to validate these concepts. The measured results are in excellent agreement with the simulations.
123 citations
Cites background from "A dual-band filter using stepped-im..."
...The smaller frequency ratios can usually be implemented by inserting multiple transmission zeros (TZs) into a broad passband to split it into two subbands [3], [30] or by employing resonant modes adjacent to each other [31], [32], while the larger frequency ratios can be fulfilled by exploiting higher order mode and the fundamental one (such as TE101 and TE301) with the suppression of modes between them [10] or by developing hybrid technologies such as SIW integrated with microstrip [33]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a planar bandpass filter is proposed, designed, and implemented with a hybrid structure of substrate integrated waveguide and coplanar waveguide, which has the advantages of good passband and stopband performance inherited from SIW and miniaturized size accompanying with the CPW.
Abstract: In this paper, a novel planar bandpass filter is proposed, designed, and implemented with a hybrid structure of substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) and coplanar waveguide (CPW), which has the advantages of good passband and stopband performance inherited from SIW and miniaturized size accompanying with the CPW. Additional design flexibility is introduced by the hybrid structure for efficiently controlling the mixed electric and magnetic coupling, and then planar bandpass filters with controllable transmission zeros and quasi-elliptic response can be achieved. Several prototypes with single and dual SIW cavities are fabricated. The measured results verified the performance of the proposed planar bandpass filters, such as low passband insertion loss, sharp roll-off characteristics at transition band, etc.
59 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the dual-mode characteristics of the half-mode substrate-integrated rectangular cavity (HMSIRC) were systematically analyzed for the first time and experimentally demonstrated by two planar SIW dual-band bandpass filters (DBBPFs) with widely separated passbands.
Abstract: The dual-mode characteristics of the half-mode substrate-integrated rectangular cavity (HMSIRC) are systematically analyzed for the first time and experimentally demonstrated by two planar substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) dual-band bandpass filters (DBBPFs) with widely separated passbands. The mode spectrums in an HMSIRC and their constraint relationships are comprehensively investigated first to explore the realizable frequency ratio of the second mode (TE301 or TE102) to the first one (TE101). The maximum frequency ratio of 1.63 for TE301/TE101 and 1.72 for TE102/TE101 can be achieved considering the spacing between the second and third resonances. Subsequently, the formulas of determining the physical dimensions of the dual-mode HMSIRC are derived and validated. The factors impacting the unloaded quality factor Q u of the HMSIRC are also discussed and the square single-mode quarter-mode substrate-integrated rectangular cavity has been investigated. Two compact planar SIW DBBPFs, including a third-order direct-coupled one with frequency ratio of 1.5 based on TE101 and TE301 dual-mode HMSIRC, and a fourth-order cross-coupled one with frequency ratio of 1.7 based on TE101 and TE102 dual-mode HMSIRC, are synthesized and designed for verification.
46 citations
Cites methods from "A dual-band filter using stepped-im..."
...In [18], a hybrid DBBPF is developed with its first...
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...Compared to the designs in [18] and [19], our proposed DBBPFs have the advantages of easier implementation of higher-order and/or quasi-elliptic responses, easily controlled FBW ratio, and simpler configurations....
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...Besides the hybrid method proposed in [18] and quadruple-...
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TL;DR: In this paper, the SIW triple-mode triple-band bandpass filters (BPFs) are synthesized, designed, and demonstrated for the first time based on a novel type of SIW triangle-mode square cavities perturbed by centered cross-shaped metallized via holes.
Abstract: Substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) triple-mode triple-band bandpass filters (BPFs) are synthesized, designed, and demonstrated for the first time based on a novel type of SIW triple-mode square cavities perturbed by centered cross-shaped metallized via holes. The resonant characteristics of the cavity are analyzed first to show the range of the realizable frequency ratios, and the design parameters corresponding to the specifications, i.e., the external quality factors and the internal coupling coefficients for the three passbands, can be specified flexibly within certain ranges by exploiting an advanced triple-mode coupling controlling technique. Two SIW triple-mode triple-band BPFs, including a third-order direct-coupled one operating at 13, 14, and 15 GHz and a fourth-order cross-coupled one operating at 11, 12, and 13 GHz, are synthesized, designed, fabricated, and measured for demonstration. Compact circuit sizes and excellent filtering performances have been achieved for the two prototypes.
44 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a dual-bandpass 180° hybrid coupler based on four properly designed shorted-stub loaded stepped-impedance resonators is proposed, where the resonators are coupled magnetically and electrically with each other through three shorted stubs and an open coupled line, respectively.
Abstract: A new dual-bandpass 180° hybrid coupler, based on four properly designed shorted-stub loaded stepped-impedance resonators, is proposed in this paper. In order to construct the collaboratively designed coupler/filter, the resonators are coupled magnetically and electrically with each other through three shorted stubs and an open coupled line, respectively. According to the approach of filter synthesis and the derived design equations, the characteristic admittances and electrical lengths of the resonators and coupling sections are determined to achieve the desired resonant frequencies, external Q factors, and internal coupling coefficients for dual passbands. A design procedure is provided. The design flexibilities for ratios of central frequencies and achievable bandwidths are explored. The component shows both filtering and power dividing functions within two specific passbands, whose good performances are demonstrated by the simulated and measured results. The two second-order passbands of a fabricated prototype are located at 2.42 and 5.84 GHz, with 4.6% and 5.2% bandwidths, respectively. The insertion losses are 1.0 and 1.4 dB over 3-dB power division. The isolations are better than 23.5 and 32.8 dB. In both the in-phase and out-of-phase responses, the in-band amplitude and phase imbalances are always within -1.6-0.6 dB and -6.5°-9.5°, respectively.
34 citations
References
More filters
Book•
01 Jan 2001
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a general framework for coupling matrix for Coupled Resonator Filters with short-circuited Stubs (UWB) and Cascaded Quadruplet (CQ) filters.
Abstract: Preface to the Second Edition. Preface to the First Edition. 1 Introduction. 2 Network Analysis. 2.1 Network Variables. 2.2 Scattering Parameters. 2.3 Short-Circuit Admittance Parameters. 2.4 Open-Circuit Impedance Parameters. 2.5 ABCD Parameters. 2.6 Transmission-Line Networks. 2.7 Network Connections. 2.8 Network Parameter Conversions. 2.9 Symmetrical Network Analysis. 2.10 Multiport Networks. 2.11 Equivalent and Dual Network. 2.12 Multimode Networks. 3 Basic Concepts and Theories of Filters. 3.1 Transfer Functions. 3.2 Lowpass Prototype Filters and Elements. 3.3 Frequency and Element Transformations. 3.4 Immittance Inverters. 3.5 Richards' Transformation and Kuroda Identities. 3.6 Dissipation and Unloaded Quality Factor. 4 Transmission Lines and Components. 4.1 Microstrip Lines. 4.2 Coupled Lines. 4.3 Discontinuities and Components. 4.4 Other Types of Microstrip Lines. 4.5 Coplanar Waveguide (CPW). 4.6 Slotlines. 5 Lowpass and Bandpass Filters. 5.1 Lowpass Filters. 5.2 Bandpass Filters. 6 Highpass and Bandstop Filters. 6.1 Highpass Filters. 6.2 Bandstop Filters. 7 Coupled-Resonator Circuits. 7.1 General Coupling Matrix for Coupled-Resonator Filters. 7.2 General Theory of Couplings. 7.3 General Formulation for Extracting Coupling Coefficient k. 7.4 Formulation for Extracting External Quality Factor Qe. 7.5 Numerical Examples. 7.6 General Coupling Matrix Including Source and Load. 8 CAD for Low-Cost and High-Volume Production. 8.1 Computer-Aided Design (CAD) Tools. 8.2 Computer-Aided Analysis (CAA). 8.3 Filter Synthesis by Optimization. 8.4 CAD Examples. 9 Advanced RF/Microwave Filters. 9.1 Selective Filters with a Single Pair of Transmission Zeros. 9.2 Cascaded Quadruplet (CQ) Filters. 9.3 Trisection and Cascaded Trisection (CT) Filters. 9.4 Advanced Filters with Transmission-Line Inserted Inverters. 9.5 Linear-Phase Filters. 9.6 Extracted Pole Filters. 9.7 Canonical Filters. 9.8 Multiband Filters. 10 Compact Filters and Filter Miniaturization. 10.1 Miniature Open-Loop and Hairpin Resonator Filters. 10.2 Slow-Wave Resonator Filters. 10.3 Miniature Dual-Mode Resonator Filters. 10.4 Lumped-Element Filters. 10.5 Miniature Filters Using High Dielectric-Constant Substrates. 10.6 Multilayer Filters. 11 Superconducting Filters. 11.1 High-Temperature Superconducting (HTS) Materials. 11.2 HTS Filters for Mobile Communications. 11.3 HTS Filters for Satellite Communications. 11.4 HTS Filters for Radio Astronomy and Radar. 11.5 High-Power HTS Filters. 11.6 Cryogenic Package. 12 Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Filters. 12.1 UWB Filters with Short-Circuited Stubs. 12.2 UWB-Coupled Resonator Filters. 12.3 Quasilumped Element UWB Filters. 12.4 UWB Filters Using Cascaded Miniature High- And Lowpass Filters. 12.5 UWB Filters with Notch Band(s). 13 Tunable and Reconfigurable Filters. 13.1 Tunable Combline Filters. 13.2 Tunable Open-Loop Filters without Via-Hole Grounding. 13.3 Reconfigurable Dual-Mode Bandpass Filters. 13.4 Wideband Filters with Reconfigurable Bandwidth. 13.5 Reconfigurable UWB Filters. 13.6 RF MEMS Reconfigurable Filters. 13.7 Piezoelectric Transducer Tunable Filters. 13.8 Ferroelectric Tunable Filters. Appendix: Useful Constants and Data. A.1 Physical Constants. A.2 Conductivity of Metals at 25 C (298K). A.3 Electical Resistivity rho in 10-8 m of Metals. A.4 Properties of Dielectric Substrates. Index.
4,774 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a dual-band filter consisting of a bandstop filter and a wide-band bandpass filter in a cascade connection is presented, wherein the transfer functions of both the bandpass filters and bandstop filters are expressed in the Z domain.
Abstract: A synthesizing method is presented to design and implement digital dual-band filters in the microwave frequency range. A dual-band filter consists of a bandstop filter and a wide-band bandpass filter in a cascade connection, wherein the transfer functions of both the bandpass filter and bandstop filter are expressed in the Z domain. The bandstop filter is implemented by using a coupled-serial-shunted line structure, while the wide-band bandpass filter is constructed by using a serial-shunted line configuration. In particular, the bandwidth of each passband of the dual-band filter is controllable by adjusting the characteristics of both the bandpass filter and bandstop filter. By neglecting the dispersion effect between microstrip lines of different widths over a wide bandwidth, a dual-band filter is realized in the form of microstrip lines and its frequency responses are measured to validate this method.
422 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented a rigorous design of microstrip bandpass filters with a dual-passband response in parallel-coupled and vertical-stacked configurations, where the second resonant frequency can be tuned over a wide range by adjusting its structure parameters.
Abstract: This paper presents a rigorous design of microstrip bandpass filters with a dual-passband response in parallel-coupled and vertical-stacked configurations. Based on resonance characteristics of a stepped impedance resonator (SIR), the second resonant frequency can be tuned over a wide range by adjusting its structure parameters. Emphasis is placed on filter synthesis for simultaneously matching in-band response and singly loaded Q by using tapped input/output couplings for the two designated passbands. Fractional bandwidth design graphs are used to determine proper geometric parameters of each coupled stage when filter specification is given. Realizable fractional bandwidths of the two passbands for a coupled SIR structure are clearly depicted in fractional bandwidth design graphs. Several experimental filters are fabricated and measured to demonstrate the design.
324 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the synthesis and design techniques of dual-and triple-passband filters with Chebyshev and quasi-elliptic symmetric frequency responses are proposed and demonstrated for the first time on the basis of substrate integrated waveguide technology.
Abstract: In this paper, synthesis and design techniques of dual- and triple-passband filters with Chebyshev and quasi-elliptic symmetric frequency responses are proposed and demonstrated for the first time on the basis of substrate integrated waveguide technology. The inverter coupled resonator section is first investigated, and then a dual-passband Chebyshev filter, a triple-passband Chebyshev filter, and a dual-passband quasi-elliptic filter, which consist of the inverter coupled resonator sections, are synthesized from the generalized low-pass prototypes having Chebyshev or quasi-elliptic responses, respectively. Subsequently, theses filters with a symmetric response are designed and implemented using the substrate integrated waveguide scheme over the -band frequency range. The inverter coupled resonator sections composed of side-by-side horizontally oriented substrate integrated waveguide cavities are coupled, in turn, by post-wall irises. 50-Omega microstrip lines are used to directly excite the filters. Measured results are presented and compared to those simulated by Ansoft's High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software package. A good agreement between the simulated and measured results is observed, which has also validated the proposed concept of design and synthesis with the substrate integration technology.
250 citations
"A dual-band filter using stepped-im..." refers background in this paper
...However, owing to its impure mode spectrum, few dual-band SIW filters have been developed, where the central frequency ratio of two passbands is relatively small [7], [8]....
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...2 mm(2), whose compactness is between that of SIR filters [4] and SIW filters [7], [8]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a low loss dual-band microstrip filter using folded open-loop ring resonators (OLRRs) is presented. And the first passband and second passband can be easily and accurately shifted to a desired frequency band by adjusting the physical dimensions of OLRRs.
Abstract: A new type of novel low loss dual-band microstrip filters using folded open-loop ring resonators (OLRRs) is presented in this letter. Both magnetic and electric coupling structures are implemented to provide high performance passband response. The first passband and second passband of the designed dual-band filter can be easily and accurately shifted to a desired frequency band by adjusting the physical dimensions of OLRRs. Finally, the 2.4-GHz/5.7-GHz and 2.4-GHz/5.2-GHz dual-band filters are illustrated and measured in this letter.
246 citations
"A dual-band filter using stepped-im..." refers background in this paper
...The combination of two individual filters with two specific passbands can be utilized to achieve a dual-band response [2], with an obvious advantage of easy design....
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