A dual-polarized UWB–MIMO antenna with IEEE 802.11ac band-notched characteristics using split-ring resonator
TL;DR: In this paper, a dual-polarized ultra-wideband (UWB) MIMO antenna is proposed, which consists of an F-shaped monopole which band rejects the IEEE 802.11ac frequency band from 5.1 to 5.95 GHz with microstrip line feeding.
Abstract: We propose a novel, compact, dual-polarized ultra-wideband (UWB)–multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna, which consists of an F-shaped monopole which band rejects the IEEE 802.11ac frequency band from 5.1 to 5.95 GHz with microstrip line feeding. The suppression of the inevitable mutual coupling is achieved by using techniques such as orthogonal polarization, defected ground structure, and metamaterials. A split-ring resonator is placed between the antenna elements to reduce the coupling. The antenna has wideband impedance matching with S11 < −10 dB in the UWB frequency range from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz and has a low mutual coupling with |S21| < −20 dB. The antenna has very low envelope correlation coefficient with values equal to zero and low capacity loss value of 0.358, which proves that the MIMO antenna shows good diversity performance. The antenna has a bandwidth of 8.6 GHz and a fractional bandwidth of 33% in the lower band and 56% in the higher band.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the electromagnetics of MTM with analytical expressions and its application in antenna design are discussed in detail, and the recent development in MTM-inspired antenna and its applications in antenna miniaturization, enhancing gain and bandwidth, achieving CP and mutual coupling suppression in MIMO antenna systems are discussed to make it useful for further research.
Abstract: The progress of technology in consumer electronics demand an antenna having a compact size, high gain and bandwidth, and multiple antennas at transmitter and receiver to enhance the channel capacity. Over the last decade, numerous techniques are proposed to improve the performance of the antenna. One such technique is the use of metamaterials (MTMs) in antenna design. MTMs are artificial structures to provide unique electromagnetic properties that are not available in natural materials. The unique properties of these materials allow the design of high-performance antennas, filters, and microwave devices which cannot be obtained using traditional antennas. Loading antenna with the one, two, and three-dimensional MTM structures comprised of a periodic subwavelength unit cell exhibits RLC resonant structures and allows to manipulate electromagnetic waves in the antenna system. These structures offer low resonant frequency compared to the antenna resonant frequency resulting in antenna miniaturization and manipulation of electromagnetic waves helps in enhancing the gain and bandwidth, and achieving circular polarization (CP) of an antenna system. Also, metamaterial loading enhances isolation between the antenna elements in the multiple-input-multiple output (MIMO) system by suppressing the surface waves. In this paper, the electromagnetics of MTM with analytical expressions and its application in antenna design are discussed in detail. The MTM-based antennas are classified into MTM loading, MTM inspired antenna, metasurface loading, and composite right/left hand (CRLH) based antennas. The recent development in MTM inspired antenna and its application in antenna miniaturization, enhancing gain and bandwidth, achieving CP and mutual coupling suppression in MIMO antenna systems are discussed to make it useful for further research.
53 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a four-element ultra-wideband (UWB) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with triple band-notched characteristics is proposed.
Abstract: In this paper, a novel compact four-element ultra-wideband (UWB) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with triple band-notched characteristics is proposed. The proposed antenna is composed of four slot antenna elements with a common rhombic slot, each feeding by a microstrip-fed line to greatly reduce the overall size of the antenna. It has a compact size of 34 mm $\times34$ mm $\times1.6$ mm. The high isolation and polarization diversity are achieved by placing the four microstrip-fed lines perpendiculars to each other, while a parasitic strip is employed as a decoupling structure between adjacent microstrip-fed lines to further improve isolation. Moreover, the proposed antenna can achieve triple band-notched characteristics by embedding L-shaped and C-shaped slots on each radiator and loading electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structures next to micro-strip feeders respectively. As a result, the proposed antenna obtains three notched bands of 3.3-3.9 GHz, 5-6 GHz, and 7.4-8.5 GHz, which are in good agreement with the interference bands of WiMAX (3.3-3.7 GHz), WLAN (5.15-5.875 GHz) and X-band (7.3-8.5 GHz), respectively. The antenna prototype has been fabricated and measured. The results show that the antenna has an impedance bandwidth of 2.5-12 GHz (except for the three notched bands). Besides, the isolation among the elements, envelope correlation coefficient, radiation characteristics, efficiency, realized gain, and total active reflection coefficient are also investigated. The experimental results indicate that the proposed antenna can be a good candidate for UWB-MIMO wireless communication applications.
52 citations
TL;DR: The proposed MIMO antenna offers good diversity performance with envelope correlation coefficient, antenna gain is stable in the entire operating band except in interfering bands with a maximum radiation efficiency of more than 80% and stable radiation pattern, which makes the proposed antenna suitable for high-speed wireless network applications.
Abstract: In this proposed research article, four-port dual notched bands multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna configuration is proposed and is experimentally investigated by fabricating prototype. Initially, a single element is fabricated which is converted to 2 × 2 MIMO configuration and finally to 4 × 4 MIMO configuration. The proposed MIMO antenna is designed to cover impedance bandwidth of 3.15–11.36 GHz and hence is useful in applications for ultrawideband and X-Band applications. Two interfering bands, WiMAX (3.30–4.05 GHz) and WLAN (4.90–5.99 GHz) are eliminated by using an inverted T-shaped stub and C-shaped slot on the radiating patch of the MIMO antenna. The proposed MIMO antenna offers good diversity performance with envelope correlation coefficient 9.95 dB and total active reflection coefficient ≤ 20 dB in the entire operating band. Also, antenna gain is stable in the entire operating band except in interfering bands with a maximum radiation efficiency of more than 80% and stable radiation pattern. All the above said features make the proposed antenna suitable for high-speed wireless network applications.
22 citations
TL;DR: The proposed UWB-MIMO smartphone antenna system offers good isolation, dual-polarized function, full radiation coverage, and sufficient efficiency, but the calculated diversity performances of the design in terms of the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) and total active reflection coefficient (TARC) are very low.
Abstract: A new ultra-wideband (UWB) multiple-input/multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system is proposed for future smartphones. The structure of the design comprises four identical pairs of compact microstrip-fed slot antennas with polarization diversity function that are placed symmetrically at different edge corners of the smartphone mainboard. Each antenna pair consists of an open-ended circular-ring slot radiator fed by two independently semi-arc-shaped microstrip-feeding lines exhibiting the polarization diversity characteristic. Therefore, in total, the proposed smartphone antenna design contains four horizontally-polarized and four vertically-polarized elements. The characteristics of the single-element dual-polarized UWB antenna and the proposed UWB-MIMO smartphone antenna are examined while using both experimental and simulated results. An impedance bandwidth of 2.5–10.2 GHz with 121% fractional bandwidth (FBW) is achieved for each element. However, for S11 ≤ −6 dB, this value is more than 130% (2.2–11 GHz). The proposed UWB-MIMO smartphone antenna system offers good isolation, dual-polarized function, full radiation coverage, and sufficient efficiency. Besides, the calculated diversity performances of the design in terms of the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) and total active reflection coefficient (TARC) are very low over the entire operating band.
18 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review of different techniques of mutual coupling (MC) reduction is presented, where the negative permittivity and permeability of artificially created materials/structures (Metamaterials) significantly help reduce MC among narrow-band compact MIMO antenna design elements.
Abstract: This two-part article presents a review of different techniques of mutual coupling (MC) reduction MC reduction is a primary concern while designing a compact multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna where the separation between the antennas is less than λ
0
/2, that is, half of the free-space wavelength The negative permittivity and permeability of artificially created materials/structures (Metamaterials) significantly help reduce MC among narrow-band compact MIMO antenna design elements In this part two of the review paper, we will discuss techniques: Metamaterials; Split-Ring-Resonator; Complementary-Split-Ring-Resonator; Frequency Selective Surface, Metasurface, Electromagnetic Band Gap structure, Decoupling and Matching network, Neutralization line, Cloaking Structures, Shorting vias and pins and few more
16 citations
Cites background or methods from "A dual-polarized UWB–MIMO antenna w..."
...…https://doi. org/10.1029/2020RS007222 Received 15 OCT 2020 Accepted 24 JAN 2021 1 of 22 Radio Science Many review papers (Chouhan et al., 2018; Irene & Rajesh, 2018b; Malviya et al., 2017; Nadeem & Choi, 2019) have been published, citing various techniques of MC reduction but were limited…...
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...…(K. Yu et al., 2018), bridge square SRR (Al-fayyadh & Alsabbagh, 2017), MTM-inspired resonators (Hsu et al., 2011; Iqbal et al., 2018), SRR along with DGS (Irene & Rajesh, 2018a), capacitively loaded loop MTM superstrate (Alibakhshikenari, Salvucci, et al., 2018; Jafargholi et al., 2019),…...
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References
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TL;DR: In this paper, a new approach for the development of planar metamaterial structures is developed, and analytical equivalent circuit models are proposed for isolated and coupled split-ring resonators/CSRRs coupled to planar transmission lines.
Abstract: In this paper, a new approach for the development of planar metamaterial structures is developed. For this purpose, split-ring resonators (SRRs) and complementary split-ring resonators (CSRRs) coupled to planar transmission lines are investigated. The electromagnetic behavior of these elements, as well as their coupling to the host transmission line, are studied, and analytical equivalent-circuit models are proposed for the isolated and coupled SRRs/CSRRs. From these models, the stopband/passband characteristics of the analyzed SRR/CSRR loaded transmission lines are derived. It is shown that, in the long wavelength limit, these stopbands/passbands can be interpreted as due to the presence of negative/positive values for the effective /spl epsiv/ and /spl mu/ of the line. The proposed analysis is of interest in the design of compact microwave devices based on the metamaterial concept.
1,405 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a bandwidth-enhanced, compact, monopole antenna with modified ground plane for modern automotive ultra wideband (UWB) applications is presented, where the ground plane of the fundamental radiator is curved and defected to improve the VSWR bandwidth.
Abstract: This communication presents a bandwidth-enhanced, compact, monopole antenna with modified ground plane for modern automotive ultra wide-band (UWB) applications The proposed antenna has hybrid geometry and is constructed using half circular ring and half square ring The ground plane of the fundamental radiator is curved and defected to improve the VSWR bandwidth An extended ground stub is added to further enhance the bandwidth to suit the modern automotive requirements The designed antenna covers 31–109 GHz frequency spectrum with ${\mathrm {VSWR}} \leq {2}$ This antenna can be conveniently placed inside the shark fin housing or it can be printed along with the existing print circuit board (PCB) electronics nullifying the need for dedicated location for in-car communications Furthermore, a simple two-port multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna is constructed and its diversity performance is estimated The prototype is fabricated and tested for impedance and radiation characteristics
225 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an ultrawideband multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna that covers the WCDMA (1.92-2.17 GHz), WiMAX (2.3, 2.4 GHz), and UWB (3.1-10.6 GHz) bands for wireless device applications is presented.
Abstract: This letter presents an ultrawideband multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna that covers the WCDMA (1.92-2.17 GHz), WiMAX (2.3, 2.5 GHz), WLAN (2.4 GHz), and UWB (3.1-10.6 GHz) bands for wireless device applications. The proposed antenna consists of a printed folded monopole antenna coupled with a parasitic inverted-L element, with an open stub inserted in the antenna to reject the WLAN (5.15-5.85 GHz) band that interferes with the UWB band. These two antennas are symmetrically arranged on a mobile device substrate. The -10-dB bandwidth of the designed antenna is 1.85-11.9 GHz without the WLAN band 5.15-5.85 GHz. S21 and the envelope correlation coefficient are lower than -17.2 dB and 0.18 in the operating bands, respectively. The size of the antenna is 55 ×13.5 × mm2.
185 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a compact multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with band-notched function is presented for ultrawideband (UWB) applications.
Abstract: A compact multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is presented for ultrawideband (UWB) applications with band-notched function. The proposed antenna is composed of two offset microstrip-fed antenna elements with UWB performance. To achieve high isolation and polarization diversity, the antenna elements are placed perpendicular to each other. A parasitic T-shaped strip between the radiating elements is employed as a decoupling structure to further suppress the mutual coupling. In addition, the notched band at 5.5 GHz is realized by etching a pair of L-shaped slits on the ground. The antenna prototype with a compact size of $38.5 \times38.5~\hbox{mm}^{2}$ has been fabricated and measured. Experimental results show that the antenna has an impedance bandwidth of 3.08-11.8 GHz with reflection coefficient less than $-10~\hbox{dB}$ , except the rejection band of 5.03-5.97 GHz. Besides, port isolation, envelope correlation coefficient and radiation characteristics are also investigated. The results indicate that the MIMO antenna is suitable for band-notched UWB applications.
174 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a hybrid isolation enhancing and miniaturization technique for UWB diversity antenna with a very low envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), which consists of two counter facing monopoles, and is miniaturized by using inverted-L stubs and a complementary split-ring resonator on the ground plane.
Abstract: The purpose of this letter is to introduce a compact ultrawideband (UWB) diversity antenna with a very low envelope correlation coefficient (ECC). The design employs a hybrid isolation enhancing and miniaturization technique. The antenna consists of two counter facing monopoles, and is miniaturized by using not only inverted-L stubs but also a complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) on the ground plane. The added components enhance isolation and enable tighter packing of the antennas. The result is a very compact multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) array with an overall size of 23 $\times$ 29 mm2 , which covers the entire UWB spectrum from 3 to 12 GHz, with mutual coupling lower than –15 dB. Moreover, the CSRR unit that acts as a resonator is applied for the first time to suppress the interference of RF currents flowing through the ground plane of this UWB-MIMO/diversity antenna. The performance of the fabricated prototype in terms of scattering parameters, broadside (peak) gain, radiation patterns, efficiency, and ECC is presented and discussed.
133 citations