a Dynamical Model of Muscle Activation, Fatigue and Recovery

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a Dynamical Model of Muscle Activation, Fatigue and Recovery

a Dynamical Model of Muscle Activation, Fatigue and Recovery

Jing Z. Liu, Guang H. Yue, Robert W. Brown

01 Apr 2001-Vol. 46

TL;DR: A dynamical model is presented as a framework for muscle activation, fatigue, and recovery by describing the effects of muscle fatigue and recovery in terms of two phenomenological parameters (F, R), and suggests that only 97% of the true maximal force can be reached under maximal voluntary effort.

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Abstract: A dynamical model is presented as a framework for muscle activation, fatigue, and recovery. By describing the effects of muscle fatigue and recovery in terms of two phenomenological parameters (F, R), we develop a set of dynamical equations to describe the behavior of muscles as a group of motor units activated by voluntary effort. This model provides a macroscopic view for understanding biophysical mechanisms of voluntary drive, fatigue effect, and recovery in stimulating, limiting, and modulating the force output from muscles. The model is investigated under the condition in which brain effort is assumed to be constant. Experimental validation of the model is performed by fitting force data measured from healthy human subjects during a 3-min sustained maximal voluntary handgrip contraction. The experimental results confirm a theoretical inference from the model regarding the possibility of maximal muscle force production, and suggest that only 97% of the true maximal force can be reached under maximal voluntary effort, assuming that all motor units can be recruited voluntarily. The effects of different motor unit types, time-dependent brain effort, sources of artifacts, and other factors that could affect the model are discussed. The applications of the model are also discussed.

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Journal Article•DOI•

Exercise Physiology: Energy, Nutrition and Human Performance

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Patricia A. Deuster¹•Institutions (1)

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences¹

01 Jul 1991-The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

TL;DR: This eighth edition of exercise physiology is updated with the latest research in the field to give you easy to understand up to date coverage of how nutrition energy transfer and exercise training affect human performance.

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1,328 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

A new simple dynamic muscle fatigue model and its validation

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Liang Ma¹, Damien Chablat¹, Fouad Bennis¹, Wei Zhang²•Institutions (2)

École centrale de Nantes¹, Tsinghua University²

01 Jan 2009-International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics

TL;DR: A new muscle fatigue model and a new fatigue index to evaluate the human muscle fatigue during manual handling jobs are developed and integrated into a virtual working environment to enhance the efficiency of ergonomic MSD risk evaluation and avoid subjective influences.

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222 citations

Cites background or methods from "a Dynamical Model of Muscle Activat..."

...This fatigue model has been experimentally verified in (Liu et al., 2002)....
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...1 1 )1)(1(1 )()( )1( 00 (15) This fatigue model has been experimentally verified in (Liu et al., 2002)....
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...In the literature (Liu et al., 2002), the dynamic model of muscle activation, fatigue and recovery was proposed....
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...Force and movement of muscle are produced by contraction of muscle fibers controlled by nervous-system command (Liu et al., 2002; Vollestad, 1997)....
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...In Liu et al. (2002), a dynamic muscle model is proposed based on motor units pattern of muscle, and in this model, two phenomenological parameters were introduced to construct the muscle model to describe the activation, fatigue and recovery process....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Robot adaptation to human physical fatigue in human---robot co-manipulation

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Luka Peternel¹, Nikos G. Tsagarakis¹, Darwin G. Caldwell¹, Arash Ajoudani¹•Institutions (1)

Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia¹

01 Jun 2018-Autonomous Robots

TL;DR: A novel method for human–robot collaboration, where the robot physical behaviour is adapted online to the human motor fatigue, is proposed, which is based on the human muscle activity measured by the electromyography.

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Abstract: In this paper, we propose a novel method for human---robot collaboration, where the robot physical behaviour is adapted online to the human motor fatigue. The robot starts as a follower and imitates the human. As the collaborative task is performed under the human lead, the robot gradually learns the parameters and trajectories related to the task execution. In the meantime, the robot monitors the human fatigue during the task production. When a predefined level of fatigue is indicated, the robot uses the learnt skill to take over physically demanding aspects of the task and lets the human recover some of the strength. The human remains present to perform aspects of collaborative task that the robot cannot fully take over and maintains the overall supervision. The robot adaptation system is based on the Dynamical Movement Primitives, Locally Weighted Regression and Adaptive Frequency Oscillators. The estimation of the human motor fatigue is carried out using a proposed online model, which is based on the human muscle activity measured by the electromyography. We demonstrate the proposed approach with experiments on real-world co-manipulation tasks: material sawing and surface polishing.

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122 citations

Cites background or methods from "a Dynamical Model of Muscle Activat..."

...The main limitation of the proposed fatigue model compared to more complex models (Giat et al. 1993; Ding et al. 2000; Liu et al. 2002) is limited precision....
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...In such a model the muscle fibres are split into there groups (active, fatigued and resting units) and their function is considered separately (Liu et al. 2002)....
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...Extensive studies of human physical fatigue has been conducted in fields of neuroscience and physiology (De Luca 1984; Giat et al. 1993; Ding et al. 2000; Liu et al. 2002; Enoka and Duchateau 2008; Ma et al. 2009)....
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...Several models for estimation of human muscle fatigue can be found in literature (Giat et al. 1993; Ding et al. 2000; Liu et al. 2002; Ma et al. 2009)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

A theoretical approach for modeling peripheral muscle fatigue and recovery.

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Ting Xia¹, Laura A. Frey Law¹•Institutions (1)

University of Iowa¹

20 Oct 2008-Journal of Biomechanics

TL;DR: A novel yet practical approach is introduced to quantitatively evaluate task-related muscle fatigue for complex and/or dynamic movements at the joint level, encompassing the nonlinear influences of joint angle and velocity.

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111 citations

Cites background or methods from "a Dynamical Model of Muscle Activat..."

...While Liu et al. (2002) discussed muscle recruitment hierarchy in general terms, we provide a clear procedure to implement it mathematically....
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...Previously, Liu et al. (2002) proposed an MU-based model that divides muscles into three activation states: resting, activated, and fatigued....
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...Liu et al. (2002) proposed a three-state fatigue model that accurately predicted maximum isometric grip strength and fatigue....
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...The model predicts fatigue for a maximal static exertion (Liu et al., 2002), but cannot predict fatigue for submaximal or dynamic conditions....
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...More recently, a simple, yet elegant motor unit (MU)-based fatigue model was proposed, incorporating fatigue dynamics as its core mechanism rather than modifying of existing muscle force models (Liu et al., 2002)....
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Proceedings Article•DOI•

Modeling Cumulative Arm Fatigue in Mid-Air Interaction based on Perceived Exertion and Kinetics of Arm Motion

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Sujin Jang¹, Wolfgang Stuerzlinger², Satyajit Ambike¹, Karthik Ramani¹•Institutions (2)

Purdue University¹, Simon Fraser University²

02 May 2017

TL;DR: A new, simple method to estimate the maximum shoulder torque through a mid-air pointing task, which agrees with direct strength measurements, is presented and a cumulative fatigue model informed by subjective and biomechanical measures is introduced.

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Abstract: Quantifying cumulative arm muscle fatigue is a critical factor in understanding, evaluating, and optimizing user experience during prolonged mid-air interaction. A reasonably accurate estimation of fatigue requires an estimate of an individual's strength. However, there is no easy-to-access method to measure individual strength to accommodate inter-individual differences. Furthermore, fatigue is influenced by both psychological and physiological factors, but no current HCI model provides good estimates of cumulative subjective fatigue. We present a new, simple method to estimate the maximum shoulder torque through a mid-air pointing task, which agrees with direct strength measurements. We then introduce a cumulative fatigue model informed by subjective and biomechanical measures. We evaluate the performance of the model in estimating cumulative subjective fatigue in mid-air interaction by performing multiple cross-validations and a comparison with an existing fatigue metric. Finally, we discuss the potential of our approach for real-time evaluation of subjective fatigue as well as future challenges.

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92 citations

Cites background from "a Dynamical Model of Muscle Activat..."

...[38] proposed a dynamic muscle model based on three muscle states: rest (MR), active (MA), and fatigue (MF )....
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References

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Abstract: Uncertainties in measurements probability distributions error analysis estimates of means and errors Monte Carlo techniques dependent and independent variables least-squares fit to a polynomial least-squares fit to an arbitrary function fitting composite peaks direct application of the maximum likelihood. Appendices: numerical methods matrices graphs and tables histograms and graphs computer routines in Pascal.

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10,546 citations

"a Dynamical Model of Muscle Activat..." refers methods in this paper

...The differences between the experimental data and the theoretical curves were minimized using the least-squares method (Bevington and Robinson, 1992) to obtain the four parameters (F, , , U0), or equivalently (B, F, R, U0)....
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Review of Medical Physiology

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Abstract: Review of medical physiology , Review of medical physiology , کتابخانه الکترونیک و دیجیتال - آذرسا

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3,250 citations

"a Dynamical Model of Muscle Activat..." refers background in this paper

...If the stimulus (command) exceeds a threshold, it will trigger action potentials of the motor units (see, for example, McArdle et al., 1996; Ganong, 1971)....
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Mary J. Lindstrom¹, Douglas M. Bates•Institutions (1)

University of Wisconsin-Madison¹

01 Sep 1990-Biometrics

TL;DR: A general, nonlinear mixed effects model for repeated measures data and define estimators for its parameters are proposed and Newton-Raphson estimation is implemented using previously developed computational methods for nonlinear fixed effects models and for linear mixed effects models.

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Abstract: We propose a general, nonlinear mixed effects model for repeated measures data and define estimators for its parameters. The proposed estimators are a natural combination of least squares estimators for nonlinear fixed effects models and maximum likelihood (or restricted maximum likelihood) estimators for linear mixed effects models. We implement Newton-Raphson estimation using previously developed computational methods for nonlinear fixed effects models and for linear mixed effects models. Two examples are presented and the connections between this work and recent work on generalized linear mixed effects models are discussed.

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1,684 citations

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...Many technical and analytical methods have been designed to investigate this interesting problem (Belanger and McComas, 1981; Gandevia and McKenzie, 1988; Lindstrom and Bates, 1990; Allen et al., 1995; Behm et al., 1996; De Serres and Enoka, 1998; Shah et al., 1998; Herbert and Gandevia, 1999; Yue et al., 1999, 2000)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Cellular mechanisms of muscle fatigue

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Robert H. Fitts¹•Institutions (1)

Marquette University¹

01 Jan 1994-Physiological Reviews

TL;DR: It appears likely that this condition is associated with and likely caused by muscle injury, such that the SR releases less Ca2+ at low frequencies of activation, and LFF could result from a reduced membrane excitability,such that the sarcolemma action potential frequency is considerably less than the stimulation frequency.

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Abstract: Fatigue, defined as the failure to maintain the required or expected power output, is a complex problem, since multiple factors are clearly involved, with the relative importance of each dependent on the fiber type composition of the contracting muscles(s), and the intensity, type, and duration of the contractile activity. The primary sites of fatigue appear to be within the muscle cell itself and for the most part do not involve the central nervous system or the neuromuscular junction. The major hypotheses of fatigue center on disturbances in the surface membrane, E-C coupling, or metabolic events. The cell sites most frequently linked to the etiology of skeletal muscle fatigue are shown in Figure 1. Skeletal muscles are composed of at least four distinct fiber types (3 fast twitch and 1 slow twitch), with the slow type I and fast type IIa fibers containing the highest mitochondrial content and fatigue resistance. Despite fiber type differences in the degree of fatigability, the contractile properties undergo characteristic changes with the development of fatigue that can be observed in whole muscles, single motor units, and single fibers. The Po declines, and the contraction and relaxation times are prolonged. Additionally, there is a decrease in the peak rate of tension development and decline and a reduced Vo. Changes in Vo are more resistant to fatigue than Po and are not observed until Po has declined by at least 10% of its initial prefatigued value. However, the reduced peak power by which fatigue is defined results from both a reduction in Vo and Po. In the absence of muscle fiber damage, the prolonged relaxation time associated with fatigue causes the force-frequency curve to shift to the left, such that peak tensions are obtained at lower frequencies of stimulation. In a mechanism not clearly understood, the central nervous system senses this condition and reduces the alpha-motor nerve activation frequency as fatigue develops. In some cases, selective LFF develops that displaces the force-frequency curve to the right. Although not proven, it appears likely that this condition is associated with and likely caused by muscle injury, such that the SR releases less Ca2+ at low frequencies of activation. Alternatively, LFF could result from a reduced membrane excitability, such that the sarcolemma action potential frequency is considerably less than the stimulation frequency.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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1,531 citations

"a Dynamical Model of Muscle Activat..." refers background in this paper

...After being activated for a period of time, the activated motor units start to develop fatigue due to factors such as insufficient supplies of oxygen and glycogen, increased lactic acid level in blood and muscle, etc. (Fitts, 1994; McArdle et al., 1996)....
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...In other words, it becomes completely fatigued (Enoka and Stuart, 1992; Fitts, 1994; McComas et al., 1995; McArdle et al., 1996)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Voluntary strength and fatigue

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P. A. Merton

29 Mar 1954-The Journal of Physiology

TL;DR: The paper shows that a maximal voluntary effort develops the same tension as a maximal tetanus artificially excited; in the second part the same equality is found to persist during fatigue, implying that in fatigue, too, the limitation of strength is peripheral.

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Abstract: In voluntary efforts it is not known for certain whether the force that can be exerted is limited by the capacity of the nervous centres and conducting pathways to deliver motor impulses to the muscle fibres or by the intrinsic contractile properties of the fibres themselves; whether, in fact, a voluntary effort can be bettered by maximal tetanic stimulation of the muscle electrically, or not. Again in fatigue it is undecided whether tension falls because the degree of voluntary innervation drops or because the fibres are biochemically incapable of maintaining their contraction. The experiments described here attempt to settle these questions by comparing directly voluntary tension with that resulting from electrically excited motor volleys. To make a valid comparison in an intact human subject is difficult, but it will be argued that it can be achieved by using a particularly convenient muscle, the adductor of the thumb, and special apparatus. The paper falls into three parts: the first shows that a maximal voluntary effort develops the same tension as a maximal tetanus artificially excited; in the second part the same equality is found to persist during fatigue, implying that in fatigue, too, the limitation of strength is peripheral; finally the effect of ischaemia is described. Preliminary accounts have already appeared (Merton & Pampiglione, 1950; Merton, 1950).

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1,437 citations

"a Dynamical Model of Muscle Activat..." refers background in this paper

...When a muscle contraction is sustained, muscle becomes fatigued, and force production is affected by underlying fatigue and recovery effects in the neuromuscular system (Merton, 1954; Bigland-Ritchie, 1981; Enoka and Stuart, 1992; McComas et al., 1995)....
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