A frequency domain adaptive watermarking algorithm for still colour images
15 Jul 2009-pp 186-191
TL;DR: The watermarking method is shown to be robust against JPEG compression, additive noise, cropping, scaling, low-pass and median filtering, and the algorithm used is blind and does not require the original image for extracting the watermark.
Abstract: This paper presents an adaptive algorithm for digital watermarking of still colour images. The watermark is embedded in the DCT coefficients of the green channel of the RGB colour image. The algorithm takes into account the perceptual capacity of each coefficient inside the DCT blocks before embedding the watermark information. Therefore, the first 16 low frequency coefficients (excluding the DC value) in the 8×8 DCT block was screened and the eight coefficients with the maximum magnitudes were selected for embedding. The algorithm used is blind and does not require the original image for extracting the watermark. The peak signal to noise ratios (PSNR) is around 60dB. The watermarking method is shown to be robust against JPEG compression, additive noise, cropping, scaling, low-pass and median filtering.
Citations
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01 Nov 2015
TL;DR: A blind digital multi- watermarking algorithm for the copyright protection and authentication of medical images and results show that the robust watermark survived many intentional and non intentional attacks, while the fragile watermark is sensitive to any slight tampering on the medical images.
Abstract: In this paper, we propose a blind digital multi- watermarking algorithm for the copyright protection and authentication of medical images. When medical images are transmitted and stored in hospitals, strict security, confidentiality and integrity are required to protect from the illegal distortion and reproduction of the medical information. Medical image watermarking requires extreme care when embedding watermark information in the medical images because the additional information must not affect the image quality as this may cause the wrong diagnosis. The proposed algorithm contains one robust watermark for the ownership of the image and two fragile watermarks for checking the authenticity. The first two watermarks are embedded in the wavelet domain, while the third watermark is embedded in the spatial domain. In the proposed algorithm, the medical image is divided into two regions, called the Region of Interest and Region of Non Interest and all the three watermarks are embedded in the Region of Non-Interest. The new medical watermarking technique offers high peak signal to noise ratio and similarity structure index measure values. The technique was successfully tested on a variety of medical images and the experimental results show that the robust watermark survived many intentional and non intentional attacks, while the fragile watermark is sensitive to any slight tampering on the medical images.
11 citations
01 Aug 2016
TL;DR: The proposed hybrid watermarking technique was successfully tested on a variety of MRI medical images and offerd high peak signal to noise ratio and similarity structure index measure values.
Abstract: This paper deals with a blind hybrid digital watermarking algorithm for the copyright protection and authentication of magnetic resonance tomography images. Medical image watermarking requires extreme care when embedding watermark information in the medical images, to protect the image quality from being violated and to avoid the wrong diagnosis that might occur. The proposed algorithm contains robust watermark for the ownership protection and fragile watermarks for checking the authenticity. In the proposed algorithm, the medical image is divided into two regions, called the Region of Interest and Region of Non-Interest using histogram technique and the watermarks are embedded in both wavelet domain and spatial domain in the Region of Non-Interest Area. The proposed hybrid watermarking technique was successfully tested on a variety of MRI medical images and offerd high peak signal to noise ratio and similarity structure index measure values.
7 citations
Cites background from "A frequency domain adaptive waterma..."
...This watermark should be embedded in a transform domain, rather than the spatial domain to increase the robustness [3]....
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01 Nov 2017
TL;DR: A reversible invisible watermarking algorithm that can be restored after extracting the ownership and authentication watermark information for ownership protection and content authentication of medical images is presented.
Abstract: This paper presents a reversible invisible watermarking algorithm for the ownership protection and content authentication of medical images. When embedding information in medical images, extreme care is required, to protect the quality of the image to avoid the wrong diagnosis. In the proposed algorithm the patient's unique identity is used for ownership protection and the SHA-256 hash key information is used for content authentication of medical images. The original medical image can be restored after extracting the ownership and authentication watermark information. The new algorithm was successfully tested on a variety of X-ray and MRI medical images and the distortion which is caused by watermarking was assessed by using peak signal to noise ratio, similarity structure index measure and wavelet signal to noise ratio.
6 citations
Cites methods from "A frequency domain adaptive waterma..."
...Digital watermarking technique consists of an encoding algorithm which embeds the watermark information into the images and the decoding algorithm to extract the watermark information from the watermarked image [2]....
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23 Jul 2014
TL;DR: This paper deals with the development and assessment of a watermarking technique which is suitable for scanned PDF documents and the performances of the algorithm were assessed.
Abstract: This paper deals with the development and assessment of a watermarking technique which is suitable for scanned PDF documents. The watermark will serve two purposes. The first one is to protect the copyright ownership. This watermark is a logo which can be extracted even if the document has gone through slight image manipulations. The second one is to authenticate the document. A slight editing in the document will change the second watermark and indicate forgery. The algorithm was tested successfully on a variety of scanned documents and the performances of the algorithm were assessed.
3 citations
Cites background from "A frequency domain adaptive waterma..."
...Transform domain techniques proved to be more immune and can survive different attacks [3]....
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17 May 2015
TL;DR: A technique used to insert a watermark into scanned colored PDF files to protect the copyright ownership and authenticate the PDF documents and can survive against different attacks is discussed.
Abstract: This paper discusses a technique used to insert a watermark into scanned colored PDF files. The watermarking aims to protect the copyright ownership and authenticate the PDF documents. A logo has been used as a robust watermark for copyright. The logo will be embedded in the green channel of the file. This watermark can be successfully extracted and it can survive against different attacks. Any manipulations in the PDF file will cause the second fragile watermark to change and indicate forgery. The algorithm was successfully tested on different colored PDF files.
3 citations
Cites background from "A frequency domain adaptive waterma..."
...A better result and higher robustness are expected when a watermark is inserted in the transform domain so that it can survive against several attacks [3]....
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References
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TL;DR: Experimental results show good robustness and security of the proposed scheme and watermark extraction is simply by comparing the DCT coefficients of the watermarked subimages and does not need original image.
67 citations
16 Dec 2007
TL;DR: A new robust watermarking scheme for color image based on a block probability inspatial domain that is robust and secure against a widerange of image processing operations is presented.
Abstract: This paper presents a new robust watermarking scheme for color image based on a block probability inspatial domain. A binary watermark image is permutated using sequence numbers generated by a secret key and Gray code, and then embedded four times in different positions by a secret key. Each bit of the binary encoded watermark is embedded by modifying the intensities of anon-overlapping block of 8*8 of the blue component ofthe host image. The extraction of the watermark is bycomparing the intensities of a block of 8*8 of the watermarked and the original images and calculating the probability of detecting '0' or '1'. Tested by benchmark Stirmark 4.0, the experimental results show that the proposed scheme is robust and secure against a widerange of image processing operations.
63 citations
"A frequency domain adaptive waterma..." refers background or methods in this paper
...[11] 512× 512 32× 32 [16] 512× 512 53× 53...
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...In [4, 7, 10, 11] different watermarking techniques were proposed for colour images using the B channel of the RGB format....
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...However, the authors in [4, 7, 11] have not given any justification for the choice of the blue channel....
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Journal Article•
TL;DR: A new spatial domain probability based watermarking scheme for color Images is proposed and has been proved to be robust to various image processing operations such as filtering, lossy image compression, and various geometrical attack such as rotation, scaling, cropping.
Abstract: A new spatial domain probability based watermarking scheme for color Images is proposed. The blue channel of the color image has been used for watermark embedding. Host image is divided into 8x8 blocks and each bit of the binary encoded watermark is embedded in each such block. For each inserted bit, intensity of all the pixels in the block is modified according to the embedding algorithm. Non-blind probability based watermark extraction is performed with the help of original host image. The method has been proved to be robust to various image processing operations such as filtering, lossy image compression, and various geometrical attack such as rotation, scaling, cropping.
42 citations
11 Nov 2008
TL;DR: This paper presents a new algorithm for colour digital image watermarking that has shown to be resistant to JPEG compression, cropping, scaling, low-pass, median and removal attack.
Abstract: This paper presents a new algorithm for colour digital image watermarking. The 24 bits/pixel RGB images are used and the watermark is placed on the green channel of the RGB image. The green channel is chosen after an analytical investigation process was carried out using some popular measurement metrics. The analysis and embedding processes have been carried out using the discrete cosine transform DCT. The new watermarking method has shown to be resistant to JPEG compression, cropping, scaling, low-pass, median and removal attack. This algorithm produces more than 65 dB of average PSNR.
29 citations
"A frequency domain adaptive waterma..." refers methods in this paper
...A DCT block basedapproach has been applied to the green channel of the RGB image [13]....
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29 Mar 2004
TL;DR: This paper proposes a new DCT domain watermarking expressly devised for RGB color images based on the diversity technique in communication system and demonstrates the validity of the new approach with respect to algorithm operating on image luminance only.
Abstract: In the field of color images watermarking, many methods are accomplished by marking the image luminance, or by processing each color channel separately. This paper proposes a new DCT domain watermarking expressly devised for RGB color images based on the diversity technique in communication system. The watermark is hidden within the data in the same sequence by modifying a subset of block DCT coefficients of each color channel. Detection is based on a combination method by taking into account the information conveyed by three color channels. Even if a particular channel is severely faded, we may still be able to recover a reliable estimated of transmitted watermark through other propagation channel. Experimental results, as well as theoretical analysis, are presented to demonstrate the validity of the new approach with respect to algorithm operating on image luminance only.
20 citations
"A frequency domain adaptive waterma..." refers background in this paper
...However, some researchers [3-5, 7-10] proposed colour image techniques....
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