A gait analysis data collection and reduction technique
TL;DR: The gait analysis laboratory provides quantified assessments of human locomotion which assist in the orthopaedic management of various pediatric gait pathologies by utilizing a video-based data collection strategy similar to commercially available systems for motion data collection.
About: This article is published in Human Movement Science.The article was published on 1991-10-01. It has received 2684 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Gait (human) & Gait analysis.
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: The relatively small number of body surface markers used in the VICON system render it easy to implement for use in routine clinical gait evaluations and should be a useful reference for describing and comparing pathologic gait patterns.
2,953 citations
TL;DR: The Standardization and Terminology Committee (STC) of the International Society of Biomechanics proposes definitions of JCS for the ankle, hip, and spine, and suggests that adopting these standards will lead to better communication among researchers and clinicians.
2,650 citations
TL;DR: An effort to systematize the different theoretical and experimental approaches to the problems involved and related nomenclatures is needed to facilitate data and knowledge sharing, and to provide renewed momentum for the advancement of human movement analysis.
892 citations
Cites background from "A gait analysis data collection and..."
...(a) three technical markers (filled circles) for each bony segment; the cluster technical frame is constructed using the following rule: p1 is the position vector of the frame origin, the y axis is oriented as ( p2 − p1), and the x axis as(p3 − p1)× (p2 − p1); the z axis is oriented so that a right handed frame is constructed; (b) marker set up that uses virtual markers (open circles): the centre of the acetabulum is determined in the pelvic technical frame using regression equations and pelvic dimensions [23,24] and made to coincide with the centre of the femoral head, a point medial to the lateral femoral epicondyle of a given quantity is supposed to be rigid with the tibia, and, similarly, a point medial to the lateral malleolus is supposed to be rigid with the foot [20,21]....
[...]
...two segments involved are hypothesized to be joined by a spherical hinge and the virtual marker is the centre of rotation [20,21] (Fig....
[...]
15 Mar 2004
TL;DR: The results indicate that a variable-impedance orthosis may have certain clinical benefits for the treatment of drop-foot gait compared to conventional ankle-foot orthoses having zero or constant stiffness joint behaviors.
Abstract: An active ankle-foot orthoses (AAFO) is presented where the impedance of the orthotic joint is modulated throughout the walking cycle to treat drop-foot gait. During controlled plantar flexion, a biomimetic torsional spring control is applied where orthotic joint stiffness is actively adjusted to minimize forefoot collisions with the ground. Throughout late stance, joint impedance is minimized so as not to impede powered plantar flexion movements, and during the swing phase, a torsional spring-damper control lifts the foot to provide toe clearance. To assess the clinical effects of variable-impedance control, kinetic and kinematic gait data were collected on two drop-foot participants wearing the AAFO. For each participant, zero, constant, and variable impedance control strategies were evaluated and the results were compared to the mechanics of three age, weight, and height matched normals. We find that actively adjusting joint impedance reduces the occurrence of slap foot allows greater powered plantar flexion and provides for less kinematic difference during swing when compared to normals. These results indicate that a variable-impedance orthosis may have certain clinical benefits for the treatment of drop-foot gait compared to conventional ankle-foot orthoses having zero or constant stiffness joint behaviors.
772 citations
TL;DR: Recent progress in human movement detection/tracking systems in general, and existing or potential application for stroke rehabilitation in particular are reviewed.
749 citations
Cites methods from "A gait analysis data collection and..."
...reported a study of using a VICON system for gait analysis [42]....
[...]
References
More filters
TL;DR: The relatively small number of body surface markers used in the VICON system render it easy to implement for use in routine clinical gait evaluations and should be a useful reference for describing and comparing pathologic gait patterns.
2,953 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1965
TL;DR: In this article, the Lagrange Equations are used to model the dynamics of a rigid body and a system of parts of a particle system with respect to the velocity of a single particle.
Abstract: 1. Introductory Concepts. 2. Kinematics of a Particle. 3. Dynamics of a Particle. 4. Dynamics of a System of Particles. 5. Orbital Motion. 6. Lagrange's Equations. 7. Basic Concepts and Kinematics of Rigid Body Motion. 8. Dynamics of a Rigid Body. 9. Vibration Theory. Appendices: Inertial Properties of Homogeneous Bodies. Answers to Selected Problems. Index.
773 citations
TL;DR: Considering all factors in joint functional evaluation, the modified triaxial goniometer is a useful and effective method to provide simple real time three-dimensional angular motion measurements.
313 citations
TL;DR: This paper is an exploration of the space-geometry of hand motions as they relate to young men in the seated posture primarily in functional anthropometry, but the information derived should have practical use in improving the design of work areas.
Abstract: This paper is an exploration of the space-geometry of hand motions as they relate to young men in the seated posture. It is primarily a presentation in functional anthropometry, but the information derived should have practical use in improving the design of work areas. The pilot of an airplane, the driver of an automobile, the assembly worker or the machine operator all perform critical tasks with their hands. Controls and switches or objects upon which work is to be done must not merely be within reach, they should also be placed in the best possible spatial position relative to the operator. This ideal position has not yet been prescribed. A detailed job analysis of a specific manual operation should of course improve the work area materially, but this information has little transfer value to another situation. Our work is concerned with the general range of hand motion, and we have attempted to find principles applicable to all work situations involving the seated position. The approach is anthropometric-but in an entirely different sense from traditional anthropometry. Our measurements of the space within reach of the seated subject for all possible upper limb postures represent an approach to a dynamic anthropometry. The method of measurement is indirect, and it involves a certain novelty in anthropometric procedure; this shows up especially in the methods of gathering raw data, of making measurements, and of treating data. A study of the functional-anatomical background for limb motion paralleled this study. Relevant work (Dempster, '55a, '55b, '56) involved a study of the motions of the major limb joints and a clarification of the characteristics of the link mechanisms involved. ( A link is the straight line or core line through a body segment between adjacent joint hinge points; it is the mechanical unit of body motion.) Older sources that cannot be ignored in a functional-anatomical-anthropometric study of this type are: Fischer ('07), Fick ( ' l l ) , Strasser ('17), Braus ('21), Lanz and Wachsmuth ( ' 3 5 ) , and Mollier ('38). The Albert-Strasser globographic technique (Albert, 1876; Dempster, '56) for demonstrating the range of individual joint movement has provided useful background material. Equivalent work on living subjects is not available. Joint range studies on living subjects are typified by papers by Gilliland ('21 ) , Sinelnikoff and Grigorowitsch ('3 1 ) , Glanville and Kreezer ( '37 ) , Dempster ('55a) and Barter, Emanuel and Truett ('57). These studies are rather incomplete for certain joints and are not wholly satisfactory. Further work relating to age, sex, race, and occupation is warranted. During the past decade or so, various authors have touched on aspects of the work place. Motion and time study workers (Barnes, '49; Branson, '52), psychologists (Chapanis, Garner and Morgan, '49; Hick and Bates, '50; McFarland, '53), engineers ( Wallichs and Hulverscheidt, '35; Davis, '49; MacNeil, '54), and physiologists (Taylor and Blaschke, '51) have directed attention to spatial aspects of hand action. Dynamometric studies on hand forces by Hugh-Jones ('45) and by Darcus
263 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Interrupted-light photography was used to record the simultaneous displacement patterns of multiple body segments of 44 patients with parkinsonism during free-speed and fast walking to quantitatively characterize their gait peculiarities.
Abstract: Interrupted-light photography was used to record the simultaneous displacement patterns of multiple body segments of 44 patients with parkinsonism during free-speed and fast walking to quantitatively characterize their gait peculiarities. The patients were categorized into three disability groups according to their independence in activities of daily living. Their measurements of walking performance were compared to those of normal men. The gait components of the patients, which related systematically to the degree of disability, were: step lengths, vertical excursions of the head, extension of the hip and knee of the backward-directed limb at the onset of contralateral weight bearing, toe-floor distance at the onset of weight bearing, and rotation of the thorax.
203 citations