A general forming limit criterion for sheet metal forming
TL;DR: In this article, it is shown that the forming limit for both proportional loading and non-proportional loading can be explained from a single criterion which is based on the state of stress rather than the state-of-stress.
About: This article is published in International Journal of Mechanical Sciences.The article was published on 2000-01-01. It has received 397 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Stamping & Sheet metal.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a review of experimental methods for observing and modeling the anisotropic plastic behavior of metal sheets and tubes under a variety of loading paths, such as biaxial compression tests, biaaxial tension tests, and abrupt strain path change method for detecting a yield vertex and subsequent yield loci.
289 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a path-independent stress-based model for sheet metal forming analysis is proposed. But the model is not suitable for the analysis of complex forming processes, such as restrikes, flanging operations, hydroforming, and first draw dies with deep pockets or embossments.
274 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the experimental methods used for characterizing and modeling the anisotropic plastic behavior of metallic sheets and tubes under biaxial loading is presented together with the models and methods developed for predicting and establishing the limit strains.
Abstract: This paper presents synthetically the most recent models for description of the anisotropic plastic behavior. The first section gives an overview of the classical models. Further, the discussion is focused on the anisotropic formulations developed on the basis of the theories of linear transformations and tensor representations, respectively. Those models are applied to different types of materials: body centered, faced centered and hexagonal-close packed metals. A brief review of the experimental methods used for characterizing and modeling the anisotropic plastic behavior of metallic sheets and tubes under biaxial loading is presented together with the models and methods developed for predicting and establishing the limit strains. The capabilities of some commercial programs specially designed for the computation of forming limit curves (FLC) are also analyzed.
208 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a model for the necking limit is combined with a fracture limit in the principal stress space by employing a stress-based forming limit curve (FLC) and the maximum shear stress (MSS) criterion.
187 citations
Cites methods from "A general forming limit criterion f..."
...The most promising solution for dealing with strain-path effects in the FLC is to use a stress-based approach, as independently proposed by Kleemola and Pelkkikangas (1977), Arrieux et al. (1982), Stoughton (2000), and Stoughton and Yoon (2005)....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a critical review of the models available today for predicting the material behaviour at both industrial and scientific level, and the tests needed to identify the models' material parameters.
Abstract: The paper deals with the testing and modelling of metals response when subjected to sheet forming operations. The focus is both on the modelling of hardening behaviour and yield criteria and on the description of the sheet metal formability limits. Within this scope, the paper provides a critical review of the models available today for predicting the material behaviour at both industrial and scientific level, and the tests needed to identify the models’ material parameters. The most recent advances in the field are also presented and discussed with particular emphasis on the challenges the sheet metal forming community is now facing.
184 citations