A GIS-Investigation of Four Early Anglo-Saxon Cemeteries: Ripley's K-function Analysis of Spatial Groupings Amongst Graves

doi:10.1177/0894439312453276

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A GIS-Investigation of Four Early Anglo-Saxon Cemeteries: Ripley's K-function Analysis of Spatial Groupings Amongst Graves

Journal Article•DOI•

A GIS-Investigation of Four Early Anglo-Saxon Cemeteries: Ripley's K-function Analysis of Spatial Groupings Amongst Graves

Duncan Sayer¹, Michelle Wienhold¹•Institutions (1)

University of Central Lancashire¹

01 Feb 2013-Social Science Computer Review (SAGE Publications)-Vol. 31, Iss: 1, pp 71-89

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used K-function analysis to determine the proximity of statistically significant clusters within four early Anglo-Saxon cemetery sites: Wakerley, Norton, Berinsfield, and Lechlade.

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Abstract: Archaeologists have often used their âeyeâ to interpret spatial patterns within cemetery sites. In this article, we will use Ripley's K-function analysis to determine the proximity of statistically significant clusters within four early Anglo-Saxon cemetery sites: Wakerley, Norton, Berinsfield, and Lechlade. Using spatial and statistical methods supported by ArcGIS 10 we will explore the kernel density estimates of graves at the point of significance to discuss the organization of cemeteries as part of their chronological and social development. As a result of this investigation we will conclude that these sites were not organized into small clusters of nuclear family graves but large plots that contained the remains of varied, multivocational households.

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The revival of death

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Tony Walter¹•Institutions (1)

University of Bath¹

01 Jan 1994

TL;DR: This chapter discusses Traditional, Modern and Neo-Modern Death, as well as Stories and Meta-stories, and Systems for Listening, which addresses expectations and Assumptions of the listening community.

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Abstract: Talking about death is now fashionable, but how should we talk? Who should we listen to - priests, doctors, cousellors, or ourselves? Has psychology replaced religion in telling us how to die? This provocative book takes a sociological look at the revival of interest in death, focusing on the hospice movement and bereavement counselling. It will be required reading for anyone interested in the sociology of death and caring for the dying, the dead or bereaved.

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Examining Land-Use through GIS-Based Kernel Density Estimation: A Re-Evaluation of Legacy Data from the Berbati-Limnes Survey

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Anton Bonnier¹, Martin Finné¹, Erika Weiberg¹•Institutions (1)

Uppsala University¹

22 Feb 2019-Journal of Field Archaeology

TL;DR: In this article, the use of archaeological survey data for evaluation of landscape dynamics has commonly been concerned with the distribution of settlements and changes in number of recorded sites over time, and the authors have shown that such data can be used to evaluate landscape dynamics.

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Abstract: The use of archaeological survey data for evaluation of landscape dynamics has commonly been concerned with the distribution of settlements and changes in number of recorded sites over time. Here w...

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39 citations

Cites background from "A GIS-Investigation of Four Early A..."

...…to examine the spatial distribution and frequency of both archaeological sites and artifacts in different (global) contexts (Baxter et al. 1997; Wheatley and Gillings 2002: 186–187; Conolly and Lake 2006: 175–177; McMahon 2007; Herzog and Yépez 2013; Lindholm et al. 2013; Sayer and Wienhold 2013)....
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Testing settlement models in the early Roman colonial landscapes of Venusia (291 B.C.), Cosa (273 B.C.) and Aesernia (263 B.C.)

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Anita Casarotto¹, Jeremia Pelgrom, Tesse D. Stek¹•Institutions (1)

Leiden University¹

10 Aug 2016-Journal of Field Archaeology

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined settlement density and settlement patterns in the Roman colonial territories of Venusia, Cosa and Aesernia, located in three different landscapes of central southern Italy (modern Basilicata, Tuscany and Molise).

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Abstract: This paper examines settlement density and settlement patterns in the Roman colonial territories of Venusia, Cosa and Aesernia, located in three different landscapes of central southern Italy (modern Basilicata, Tuscany and Molise). Using a series of GIS tools, we conducted a comparative analysis of the density and spatial distribution of sites dating to the Hellenistic period (ca. 350–50 b.c.). We used the legacy settlement data collected by previous large-scale, intensive, site-oriented field surveys to test the validity of two competing rural settlement models of early Roman colonization: the conventional model of neatly organized settlements regularly dispersed across the landscape and the recently proposed theory that colonists adopted a polynuclear settlement strategy. After calculating the extent to which the archaeological datasets conform to the regular or polynuclear model, we conclude that only a very small portion of the colonized areas actually meets traditional expectations regarding the organization of early colonial settlements. Our analyses show that the legacy survey data is more consistent with the polynuclear settlement theory, but the data also reveals some completely unexpected patterns, suggesting that early Roman colonial landscapes were more diverse than previously thought.

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32 citations

Cites background from "A GIS-Investigation of Four Early A..."

...We specify here that areas for which a random/dispersed pattern (conventional model) was ascertained with the Ripley’s K function were not considered (i.e., the Piani di Camera plateau in the Ager Venusinus and the western transect of the Ager Aeserninus)....
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...The Ripley’s K-function is calculated as K(d)= E/ λ, where E is the number of events within distance d from a randomly chosen centroid location, and λ is the average intensity of events per unit area (Bailey and Gatrell 1995: 92–94; Bevan and Conolly 2006: 220–221; Dixon 2002: 1796; Palmisano 2013: 350; Ripley 1976; Sayer and Wienhold 2013: 77)....
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...We applied a Multi-Distance Spatial Cluster analysis (global Ripley’s K-function) in ArcGIS to highlight statistically significant clustered or dispersed patterns over a wide range of scales of analysis (ESRI 2014b)....
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...For the L(d) function, the null hypothesis is zero (Sayer and Wienhold 2013: 78): when L(d) is greater than 0 there is clustering; in contrast, if L(d) is less than 0 there is regularity in the point distribution....
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...…λ, where E is the number of events within distance d from a randomly chosen centroid location, and λ is the average intensity of events per unit area (Bailey and Gatrell 1995: 92–94; Bevan and Conolly 2006: 220–221; Dixon 2002: 1796; Palmisano 2013: 350; Ripley 1976; Sayer and Wienhold 2013: 77)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Settlement location models, archaeological survey data and social change in Bronze Age Crete

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Christine Spencer¹, Andrew Bevan¹•Institutions (1)

University College London¹

01 Dec 2018-Journal of Anthropological Archaeology

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors build spatial models of Bronze Age settlement using published survey datasets from the Mirabello region in east Crete, and examine how point process modelling can account for uncertainties in legacy survey datasets, and thereafter can highlight patterns of both cultural change and continuity in Mirabbello settlement.

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The Anglo-Saxon Way of Death: Three Recent Studies

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Abstract: sition as a vicar in the English church. How did English poets whose ideas conflicted with religious doctrine escape censure, condemnation, or even punishment? Since poetry came from the imagination, rather than the intellect or reason, was it taken less seriously than we have thought? Was the speaker in a poem taken to be different enough from the poet, even if the poet was writing autobiographically, that the poet need not be fully accountable for the words of a poem’s narrator? Or was secularism so pervasive that so long as the church or its doctrine was not explicitly attacked, the authorities took little notice? Like all important books, Posthumous Love, leaves us not only with new ideas, but also with new questions.

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References

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Open Access

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Abstract: A: Introduction 1. Spatial Data Analysis 2. Computers and Spatial Data Analysis B: The Analysis of Data Associated with Points 3. Methods Relating to Point Patterns 4. Methods Relating to Marked Point Patterns 5. Methods Relating to a Continuously Varying Attribute Sampled at Points C: The Analysis of Data Associated with Areas 6. Univariate Analysis of Area Data 7. Analysis of Relationships Between Attributes of Areas 8. Multivariate Methods of Area Data D: The Analysis of Data Associated with Lines 9. Network Analysis 10. Spatial Interaction Models

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"A GIS-Investigation of Four Early A..." refers methods in this paper

...Few studies have incorporated a Ripley’s K-function analysis (Ripley, 1976, 1977, 1981) for archaeological data (for artifact distribution see: Orton 2005; for site distribution see: Bevan & Conolly, 2006; Winter-Livneh, Svoray, & Gilead, 2010), and to date none have used this type of pointpattern…...
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1,803 citations

"A GIS-Investigation of Four Early A..." refers methods in this paper

...Few studies have incorporated a Ripley’s K-function analysis (Ripley, 1976, 1977, 1981) for archaeological data (for artifact distribution see: Orton 2005; for site distribution see: Bevan & Conolly, 2006; Winter-Livneh, Svoray, & Gilead, 2010), and to date none have used this type of pointpattern…...
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