A global map of science based on the ISI subject categories
01 Feb 2009-Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology (John Wiley & Sons, Ltd)-Vol. 60, Iss: 2, pp 348-362
TL;DR: The nested maps of science are online at .
Abstract: The decomposition of scientific literature into disciplinary and subdisciplinary structures is one of the core goals of scientometrics. How can we achieve a good decomposition? The ISI subject categories classify journals included in the Science Citation Index (SCI). The aggregated journal-journal citation matrix contained in the Journal Citation Reports can be aggregated on the basis of these categories. This leads to an asymmetrical matrix (citing versus cited) that is much more densely populated than the underlying matrix at the journal level. Exploratory factor analysis of the matrix of subject categories suggests a 14-factor solution. This solution could be interpreted as the disciplinary structure of science. The nested maps of science (corresponding to 14 factors, 172 categories, and 6,164 journals) are online at . Presumably, inaccuracies in the attribution of journals to the ISI subject categories average out so that the factor analysis reveals the main structures. The mapping of science could, therefore, be comprehensive and reliable on a large scale albeit imprecise in terms of the attribution of journals to the ISI subject categories. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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TL;DR: VOSviewer’s ability to handle large maps is demonstrated by using the program to construct and display a co-citation map of 5,000 major scientific journals.
Abstract: We present VOSviewer, a freely available computer program that we have developed for constructing and viewing bibliometric maps. Unlike most computer programs that are used for bibliometric mapping, VOSviewer pays special attention to the graphical representation of bibliometric maps. The functionality of VOSviewer is especially useful for displaying large bibliometric maps in an easy-to-interpret way. The paper consists of three parts. In the first part, an overview of VOSviewer’s functionality for displaying bibliometric maps is provided. In the second part, the technical implementation of specific parts of the program is discussed. Finally, in the third part, VOSviewer’s ability to handle large maps is demonstrated by using the program to construct and display a co-citation map of 5,000 major scientific journals.
7,719 citations
01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: This chapter provides an introduction to the topic of visualizing bibliometric networks and focuses specifically on two software tools: VOSviewer and CitNetExplorer.
Abstract: This chapter provides an introduction to the topic of visualizing bibliometric networks. First, the most commonly studied types of bibliometric networks (i.e., citation, co-citation, bibliographic coupling, keyword co-occurrence, and coauthorship networks) are discussed, and three popular visualization approaches (i.e., distance-based, graph-based, and timeline-based approaches) are distinguished. Next, an overview is given of a number of software tools that can be used for visualizing bibliometric networks. In the second part of the chapter, the focus is specifically on two software tools: VOSviewer and CitNetExplorer. The techniques used by these tools to construct, analyze, and visualize bibliometric networks are discussed. In addition, tutorials are offered that demonstrate in a step-by-step manner how both tools can be used. Finally, the chapter concludes with a discussion of the limitations and the proper use of bibliometric network visualizations and with a summary of some ongoing and future developments.
1,355 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a unified approach to mapping and clustering of bibliometric networks is proposed, where the VOS mapping technique and a weighted and parameterized variant of modularity-based clustering can both be derived from the same underlying principle.
1,158 citations
TL;DR: This approach combines performance analysis and science mapping for detecting and visualizing conceptual subdomains (particular themes or general thematic areas) and allows us to quantify and visualize the thematic evolution of a given research field.
1,094 citations
Additional excerpts
...…analysis (Börner et al., 2003; Callon et al., 1991; Chen, Ibekwe-SanJuan, & Hou, 2010; Coulter et al., 1998; Courtial & Michelet, 1994; Courtial, 1990; Kandylas, Upham, & Ungar, 2010; Leydesdorff & Rafols, 2009; Rip & Courtial, 1984; Small & Upham, 2009; Small, 1977, 2006; Upham & Small, 2010)....
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...…split into several consecutive steps (Börner et al., 2003; Callon et al., 1991; Chen et al., 2010; Coulter et al., 1998; Courtial & Michelet, 1994; Courtial, 1990; Kandylas et al., 2010; Leydesdorff & Rafols, 2009; Rip & Courtial, 1984; Small & Upham, 2009; Small, 1977, 2006; Upham & Small, 2010)....
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TL;DR: A systematic review of the literature concerning major aspects of science mapping is presented to demonstrate the use of a science mapping approach to perform the review so that researchers may apply the procedure to the review of a scientific domain of their own interest.
Abstract: Abstract Purpose We present a systematic review of the literature concerning major aspects of science mapping to serve two primary purposes: First, to demonstrate the use of a science mapping approach to perform the review so that researchers may apply the procedure to the review of a scientific domain of their own interest, and second, to identify major areas of research activities concerning science mapping, intellectual milestones in the development of key specialties, evolutionary stages of major specialties involved, and the dynamics of transitions from one specialty to another. Design/methodology/approach We first introduce a theoretical framework of the evolution of a scientific specialty. Then we demonstrate a generic search strategy that can be used to construct a representative dataset of bibliographic records of a domain of research. Next, progressively synthesized co-citation networks are constructed and visualized to aid visual analytic studies of the domain’s structural and dynamic patterns and trends. Finally, trajectories of citations made by particular types of authors and articles are presented to illustrate the predictive potential of the analytic approach. Findings The evolution of the science mapping research involves the development of a number of interrelated specialties. Four major specialties are discussed in detail in terms of four evolutionary stages: conceptualization, tool construction, application, and codification. Underlying connections between major specialties are also explored. The predictive analysis demonstrates citations trajectories of potentially transformative contributions. Research limitations The systematic review is primarily guided by citation patterns in the dataset retrieved from the literature. The scope of the data is limited by the source of the retrieval, i.e. the Web of Science, and the composite query used. An iterative query refinement is possible if one would like to improve the data quality, although the current approach serves our purpose adequately. More in-depth analyses of each specialty would be more revealing by incorporating additional methods such as citation context analysis and studies of other aspects of scholarly publications. Practical implications The underlying analytic process of science mapping serves many practical needs, notably bibliometric mapping, knowledge domain visualization, and visualization of scientific literature. In order to master such a complex process of science mapping, researchers often need to develop a diverse set of skills and knowledge that may span multiple disciplines. The approach demonstrated in this article provides a generic method for conducting a systematic review. Originality/value Incorporating the evolutionary stages of a specialty into the visual analytic study of a research domain is innovative. It provides a systematic methodology for researchers to achieve a good understanding of how scientific fields evolve, to recognize potentially insightful patterns from visually encoded signs, and to synthesize various information so as to capture the state of the art of the domain.
818 citations
Cites background or methods from "A global map of science based on th..."
...The top 20 most cited members of the cluster include several software tools such as CiteSpace (Chen, 2006; Chen et al., 2010), UCINET (Borgatti et al., 2002), VOSViewer (van Eck & Waltman, 2010), and global maps of science (Leydesdorff & Rafols, 2009) (Figure 11)....
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...…science (White, 2003), mapping the backbone of science (Boyack, Klavans, & Börner, 2005) and a global map of science based on ISI subject categories (Leydesdorff & Rafols, 2009) • metrics and indicators – a critique on the use of Pearson’s correlation coefficients as co-citation…...
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TL;DR: A new form of document coupling called co-citation is defined as the frequency with which two documents are cited together, and clusters of co- cited papers provide a new way to study the specialty structure of science.
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...In addition to journals, the database has been mapped using co-citations (Small, 1973; Small & Griffith, 1974; Small & Sweeney, 1985) or co-occurrences of title words (Callon et al....
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01 Jan 1978
TL;DR: Describes various commonly used methods of initial factoring and factor rotation and various methods of constructing factor scales are presented.
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3,162 citations