A global pattern of mechanical stress polarizes cell divisions and cell shape in the growing Drosophila wing disc.
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TLDR
A quantitative approach is used to analyze the strains and stresses of cells of the wing pouch, and a global pattern of stress is found whereby cells in the periphery of the tissue are mechanically stretched and Cells in the center are compressed, suggesting a synergy between tissue mechanics and growth control during wing disc morphogenesis.Abstract:
Organismal development is under genetic control. Ultimately, mechanical forces shape embryos. If we want to understand the precise regulation of size and shape in animals, we must dissect how forces are distributed in developing tissues, and how they drive cell behavior to shape organs. This has not been addressed fully in the context of growing tissues. As cells grow and divide, they exert a pressure on their neighbors. How these local stresses add up or dissipate as the tissue grows is an unanswered question. We address this issue in the growing wing imaginal disc of Drosophila larvae, the precursor of the adult wing. We used a quantitative approach to analyze the strains and stresses of cells of the wing pouch, and found a global pattern of stress whereby cells in the periphery of the tissue are mechanically stretched and cells in the center are compressed. This pattern has important consequences on cell shape in the wing pouch: cells respond to it by polarizing their acto-myosin cortex, and aligning their divisions with the main axis of cell stretch, thereby polarizing tissue growth. Ectopic perturbations of tissue growth by the Hippo signaling pathway reorganize this pattern in a non-autonomous manner, suggesting a synergy between tissue mechanics and growth control during wing disc morphogenesis.read more
Citations
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Mechanobiology of YAP and TAZ in physiology and disease
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Quantifying forces in cell biology
TL;DR: As mechanics is increasingly revealed to play a fundamental role in cell function it is envisage that tools to quantify physical forces may soon become widely applied in life-sciences laboratories.
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Cytoskeletal tension inhibits Hippo signaling through an Ajuba-Warts complex.
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Control of cell–cell forces and collective cell dynamics by the intercellular adhesome
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TL;DR: This work shows that collective cellular responses to selective perturbations of the intercellular adhesome conform to three mechanical phenotypes; these phenotypes are controlled by different molecular modules and characterized by distinct relationships between cellular kinematics and inter cellular forces.
References
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TL;DR: YAP/TAZ are identified as sensors and mediators of mechanical cues instructed by the cellular microenvironment and are functionally required for differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells induced by ECM stiffness and for survival of endothelial cells regulated by cell geometry.
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The Hippo Signaling Pathway Coordinately Regulates Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis by Inactivating Yorkie, the Drosophila Homolog of YAP
TL;DR: Yorkie (Yki), the Drosophila ortholog of the mammalian transcriptional coactivator yes-associated protein (YAP), is identified as a missing link between Wts and transcriptional regulation and is a critical target of the Wts/Lats protein kinase and a potential oncogene.
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The Influence of Cell Mechanics, Cell-Cell Interactions, and Proliferation on Epithelial Packing
TL;DR: A vertex model is used for the epithelial junctional network in which cell packing geometries correspond to stable and stationary network configurations and accounts qualitatively and quantitatively for the observed packing geometry in the wing disc and its response to perturbation by laser ablation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hippo signaling: growth control and beyond
Georg Halder,Randy L. Johnson +1 more
TL;DR: Recently discovered mechanisms that contribute to the dynamic regulation of Hippo signaling during Drosophila and vertebrate development are reviewed and exciting new insights are provided into the elusive mechanisms that regulate organ growth and regeneration.
Journal ArticleDOI
Forces in Tissue Morphogenesis and Patterning
TL;DR: The interplay between tissue mechanics and biochemical signaling orchestrates tissue morphogenesis and patterning in development.