A High-Grade Undifferentiated Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma Presenting as Inversion of the Uterus: A Rare Case.
References
164 citations
"A High-Grade Undifferentiated Endom..." refers background in this paper
...Hormone therapy with medroxyprogesterone, tamoxifen, gonadotropin‐releasing hormone analogs, and aromatase inhibitors are suggested for low‐grade ESS Stage 3‐4 and for recurrent disease.[14,15] In contrast, high‐grade undifferentiated tumors are not responsive to progestin therapy, and the poor therapeutic result suggests that radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or both should be used in combination to the surgery....
[...]
120 citations
"A High-Grade Undifferentiated Endom..." refers background in this paper
...Moreover, in the same study, the mean age of presentation was 54 years, and they were predominantly based in endomyometrium and demonstrated tongue‐like projections.[12]...
[...]
119 citations
"A High-Grade Undifferentiated Endom..." refers background in this paper
...Undifferentiated endometrial sarcoma (UES) may present as heterogeneous signal intensity voluminous polypoidal mass with more frequent myometrial involvement which can be demarcated or diffusely infiltrative on T1‐ and T2‐weighted images.[8] UES frequently has hemorrhage and necrosis and shows vascular and lymphatic invasion....
[...]
104 citations
"A High-Grade Undifferentiated Endom..." refers background in this paper
...Distant metastasis to the lung, heart, and other sites has also been reported.[9,10] High‐grade undifferentiated tumor tends to be larger, more polypoidal as presented in the index case (Stage IB)....
[...]
79 citations
"A High-Grade Undifferentiated Endom..." refers background or result in this paper
...[2] Nearly 10%–25% affected women are premenopausal.[2] High‐grade ESS are seen in the older age group, with a median age of 61 years at presentation and are usually aggressive....
[...]
...However, many patients can be asymptomatic.[1,2,7] In spite of presenting with typical symptoms and signs, it is rarely suspected as the first diagnosis and more common causes of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) such as leiomyoma, endometrial polyps, or submucous fibroid are considered as the etiology....
[...]
...Furthermore, because of similarity between ESS and normal endometrial tissue curettage fragments, the diagnosis of ESS can be missed.[2] Ultrasound, especially, transvaginal can be helpful in diagnosing uterine leiomyoma, adenomyosis, or endometrial polyps but unpredictable in diagnosing ESS....
[...]
...[1] The annual incidence of ESS is 1–2/million women.[2] Past exposure to pelvic radiation, exposure to tamoxifen, unopposed estrogen, and polycystic ovary syndrome are implicated in the pathogenesis of ESS....
[...]
...High grade or undifferentiated stromal sarcoma.[2,3]...
[...]