A high-performance asymmetric supercapacitor based on carbon and carbon–MnO2 nanofiber electrodes
TL;DR: An asymmetric supercapacitor with high energy and power densities has been fabricated using MnO2/carbon nanofiber composites as positive electrode and activated carbon nanofibers as negative electrode in Na2SO4 aqueous electrolyte as discussed by the authors.
About: This article is published in Carbon.The article was published on 2013-09-01. It has received 289 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Supercapacitor & Carbon nanofiber.
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TL;DR: MnO2-based materials have been intensively investigated for use in pseudocapacitors due to their high theoretical specific capacitance, good chemical and thermal stability, natural abundance, environmental benignity and low cost as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: MnO2-based materials have been intensively investigated for use in pseudocapacitors due to their high theoretical specific capacitance, good chemical and thermal stability, natural abundance, environmental benignity and low cost. In this review, several main factors that affect the electrochemical properties of MnO2-based electrodes are presented. Various strategic design and synthetic methods of MnO2-based electrode materials for enhanced electrochemical performance are highlighted and summarized. Finally, the challenges and future directions toward the development of MnO2-based nanostructured electrode materials for high performance supercapacitors (SCs) are discussed.
750 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a flexible asymmetric supercapacitor with high energy density is designed and fabricated using flower-like Bi2O3 and MnO2 grown on carbon nanofiber (CNF) paper as the negative and positive electrodes, respectively.
Abstract: A flexible asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) with high energy density is designed and fabricated using flower-like Bi2O3 and MnO2 grown on carbon nanofiber (CNF) paper as the negative and positive electrodes, respectively. The lightweight (1.6 mg cm−2), porous, conductive, and flexible features make the CNF paper an ideal support for guest active materials, which permit a large areal mass of 9 mg cm−2 for Bi2O3 (≈85 wt% of the entire electrode). Thus, the optimal device with an operation voltage of 1.8 V can deliver a high energy density of 43.4 μWh cm−2 (11.3 W h kg−1, based on the total electrodes) and a maximum power density of 12.9 mW cm−2 (3370 W kg−1). This work provides an example of large areal mass and flexible electrode for ASCs with high areal capacitance and high energy density, holding great promise for future flexible electronic devices.
479 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an asymmetric supercapacitors are fabricated using coaxial CNT/Ni(OH) 2 composites as positive electrode and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as negative electrode.
422 citations
TL;DR: The rapid development of MnO 2 -based nanocomposites for high-performance supercapacitors in recent years has been reviewed in terms of the charge storage mechanism, materials science, and smart cell assembly as discussed by the authors.
420 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the nano-architectured NiCo2O4-based electrodes for supercapacitors is presented, which is organized by techniques used for synthesis including chemical methods with and without templates along with their electrochemical properties.
412 citations
References
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TL;DR: This work has shown that combination of pseudo-capacitive nanomaterials, including oxides, nitrides and polymers, with the latest generation of nanostructured lithium electrodes has brought the energy density of electrochemical capacitors closer to that of batteries.
Abstract: Electrochemical capacitors, also called supercapacitors, store energy using either ion adsorption (electrochemical double layer capacitors) or fast surface redox reactions (pseudo-capacitors). They can complement or replace batteries in electrical energy storage and harvesting applications, when high power delivery or uptake is needed. A notable improvement in performance has been achieved through recent advances in understanding charge storage mechanisms and the development of advanced nanostructured materials. The discovery that ion desolvation occurs in pores smaller than the solvated ions has led to higher capacitance for electrochemical double layer capacitors using carbon electrodes with subnanometre pores, and opened the door to designing high-energy density devices using a variety of electrolytes. Combination of pseudo-capacitive nanomaterials, including oxides, nitrides and polymers, with the latest generation of nanostructured lithium electrodes has brought the energy density of electrochemical capacitors closer to that of batteries. The use of carbon nanotubes has further advanced micro-electrochemical capacitors, enabling flexible and adaptable devices to be made. Mathematical modelling and simulation will be the key to success in designing tomorrow's high-energy and high-power devices.
14,213 citations
TL;DR: Two important future research directions are indicated and summarized, based on results published in the literature: the development of composite and nanostructured ES materials to overcome the major challenge posed by the low energy density.
Abstract: In this critical review, metal oxides-based materials for electrochemical supercapacitor (ES) electrodes are reviewed in detail together with a brief review of carbon materials and conducting polymers. Their advantages, disadvantages, and performance in ES electrodes are discussed through extensive analysis of the literature, and new trends in material development are also reviewed. Two important future research directions are indicated and summarized, based on results published in the literature: the development of composite and nanostructured ES materials to overcome the major challenge posed by the low energy density of ES (476 references).
7,642 citations
TL;DR: This tutorial review provides a brief summary of recent research progress on carbon-based electrode materials forsupercapacitors, as well as the importance of electrolytes in the development of supercapacitor technology.
Abstract: This tutorial review provides a brief summary of recent research progress on carbon-based electrode materials for supercapacitors, as well as the importance of electrolytes in the development of supercapacitor technology. The basic principles of supercapacitors, the characteristics and performances of various nanostructured carbon-based electrode materials are discussed. Aqueous and non-aqueous electrolyte solutions used in supercapacitors are compared. The trend on future development of high-power and high-energy supercapacitors is analyzed.
6,057 citations
TL;DR: The charge storage mechanism in MnO2 electrode, used in aqueous electrolyte, was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The charge storage mechanism in MnO2 electrode, used in aqueous electrolyte, was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Thin MnO2 films deposited on a platinum substrate and thick MnO2 composite electrodes were used. First, the cyclic voltammetry data established that only a thin layer of MnO2 is involved in the redox process and electrochemically active. Second, the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data revealed that the manganese oxidation state was varying from III to IV for the reduced and oxidized forms of thin film electrodes, respectively, during the charge/discharge process. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data also show that Na+ cations from the electrolyte were involved in the charge storage process of MnO2 thin film electrodes. However, the Na/Mn ratio for the reduced electrode was much lower than what was anticipated for charge compensation dominated by Na+, thus suggesting the involvement of protons in the pseudofaradaic mechanism. An important finding o...
2,404 citations
TL;DR: In order to fully exploit the potential of manganese oxide-based electrode materials, an unambiguous appreciation of basic questions and optimization of synthesis parameters and material properties are critical for the further development of EC devices.
Abstract: Electrochemical supercapacitors (ECs), characteristic of high power and reasonably high energy densities, have become a versatile solution to various emerging energy applications. This critical review describes some materials science aspects on manganese oxide-based materials for these applications, primarily including the strategic design and fabrication of these electrode materials. Nanostructurization, chemical modification and incorporation with high surface area, conductive nanoarchitectures are the three major strategies in the development of high-performance manganese oxide-based electrodes for EC applications. Numerous works reviewed herein have shown enhanced electrochemical performance in the manganese oxide-based electrode materials. However, many fundamental questions remain unanswered, particularly with respect to characterization and understanding of electron transfer and atomic transport of the electrochemical interface processes within the manganese oxide-based electrodes. In order to fully exploit the potential of manganese oxide-based electrode materials, an unambiguous appreciation of these basic questions and optimization of synthesis parameters and material properties are critical for the further development of EC devices (233 references).
2,110 citations