A High-Performance Single-Phase Bridgeless Interleaved PFC Converter for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Battery Chargers
TL;DR: In this article, a bridgeless interleaved power factor correction topology is proposed for level II plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) battery charging, which can achieve high efficiency, which is critical for minimizing the charger size and the amount and cost of electricity drawn from the utility.
Abstract: In this paper, a new front end ac-dc bridgeless interleaved power factor correction topology is proposed for level II plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) battery charging. The topology can achieve high efficiency, which is critical for minimizing the charger size, PHEV charging time and the amount and cost of electricity drawn from the utility. In addition, a detailed analytical model for this topology is presented, enabling the calculation of the converter power losses and efficiency. Experimental and simulation results are included for a prototype boost converter converting universal ac input voltage (85-265 V) to 400 V dc output at up to 3.4 kW load. The experimental results demonstrate a power factor greater than 0.99 from 750 W to 3.4 kW, THD less than 5% from half load to full load and a peak efficiency of 98.9% at 70 kHz switching frequency, 265 V input and 1.2 kW load.
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the current status and implementation of battery chargers, charging power levels, and infrastructure for plug-in electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles and classify them into off-board and on-board types with unidirectional or bidirectional power flow.
Abstract: This paper reviews the current status and implementation of battery chargers, charging power levels, and infrastructure for plug-in electric vehicles and hybrids. Charger systems are categorized into off-board and on-board types with unidirectional or bidirectional power flow. Unidirectional charging limits hardware requirements and simplifies interconnection issues. Bidirectional charging supports battery energy injection back to the grid. Typical on-board chargers restrict power because of weight, space, and cost constraints. They can be integrated with the electric drive to avoid these problems. The availability of charging infrastructure reduces on-board energy storage requirements and costs. On-board charger systems can be conductive or inductive. An off-board charger can be designed for high charging rates and is less constrained by size and weight. Level 1 (convenience), Level 2 (primary), and Level 3 (fast) power levels are discussed. Future aspects such as roadbed charging are presented. Various power level chargers and infrastructure configurations are presented, compared, and evaluated based on amount of power, charging time and location, cost, equipment, and other factors.
2,327 citations
TL;DR: A comprehensive topological survey of the currently available PEV charging solutions is presented and PEV chargers based on the nature of charging, stages of conversion, power level, and type of semiconductor devices utilized are reviewed.
Abstract: The impending global energy crisis has opened up new opportunities for the automotive industry to meet the ever-increasing demand for cleaner and fuel-efficient vehicles. This has necessitated the development of drivetrains that are either fully or partially electrified in the form of electric and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (EVs and HEVs), respectively, which are collectively addressed as plug-in EVs (PEVs). PEVs in general are equipped with larger on-board storage and power electronics for charging or discharging the battery, in comparison with HEVs. The extent to which PEVs are adopted significantly depends on the nature of the charging solution utilized. In this paper, a comprehensive topological survey of the currently available PEV charging solutions is presented. PEV chargers based on the nature of charging (conductive or inductive), stages of conversion (integrated single stage or two stages), power level (level 1, 2, or 3), and type of semiconductor devices utilized (silicon, silicon carbide, or gallium nitride) are thoroughly reviewed in this paper.
497 citations
TL;DR: This paper presents the design of a 5 kW inductive charging system for electric vehicles (EVs) and believes this paper is the first to show such high measured efficiencies for a level 2 inductivecharging system.
Abstract: This paper presents the design of a 5 kW inductive charging system for electric vehicles (EVs). Over 90% efficiency is maintained from grid to battery across a wide range of coupling conditions at full load. Experimental measurements show that the magnetic field strength meets the stringent International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) guidelines for human safety. In addition, a new dual side control scheme is proposed to optimize system level efficiency. Experimental validation showed that a 7% efficiency increase and 25% loss reduction under light load conditions is achievable. The authors believe this paper is the first to show such high measured efficiencies for a level 2 inductive charging system. Performance of this order would indicate that inductive charging systems are reasonably energy efficient when compared to the efficiency of plug-in charging systems.
445 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the state-of-the-art technical progress and research bottlenecks in wireless power transfer (WPT) development and applications in the transportation sector, and characterize the demonstrations of real-world deployment of WPT EV systems.
324 citations
Cites background from "A High-Performance Single-Phase Bri..."
...98 in most cases), which is similar to a conductive charging system [14]....
[...]
TL;DR: The results demonstrate that the phase shifted semi-bridgeless PFC boost converter is ideally suited for automotive level I residential charging applications in North America, where the typical supply is limited to 120 V and 1.44 kVA.
Abstract: As a key component of a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) charger system, the front-end ac-dc converter must achieve high efficiency and power density. This paper presents a topology survey evaluating topologies for use in front end ac-dc converters for PHEV battery chargers. The topology survey is focused on several boost power factor corrected converters, which offer high efficiency, high power factor, high density, and low cost. Experimental results are presented and interpreted for five prototype converters, converting universal ac input voltage to 400 V dc. The results demonstrate that the phase shifted semi-bridgeless PFC boost converter is ideally suited for automotive level I residential charging applications in North America, where the typical supply is limited to 120 V and 1.44 kVA or 1.92 kVA. For automotive level II residential charging applications in North America and Europe the bridgeless interleaved PFC boost converter is an ideal topology candidate for typical supplies of 240 V, with power levels of 3.3 kW, 5 kW, and 6.6 kW.
245 citations
Cites background or methods from "A High-Performance Single-Phase Bri..."
...A more detailed circuit analysis and loss evaluation for the proposed level I and level II chargers are given in [31], [34] Fig....
[...]
...Bridgeless interleaved PFC boost converter [34]....
[...]
...A detailed converter description and steady state operation analysis are given in [32]–[34]....
[...]
References
More filters
TL;DR: This paper presents an exhaustive review of three-phase improved power quality AC-DC converters configurations, control strategies, selection of components, comparative factors, recent trends, their suitability, and selection for specific applications.
Abstract: Solid-state switch-mode rectification converters have reached a matured level for improving power quality in terms of power-factor correction (PFC), reduced total harmonic distortion at input AC mains and precisely regulated DC output in buck, boost, buck-boost and multilevel modes with unidirectional and bidirectional power flow. This paper deals with a comprehensive review of improved power quality converters (IPQCs) configurations, control approaches, design features, selection of components, other related considerations, and their suitability and selection for specific applications. It is targeted to provide a wide spectrum on the status of IPQC technology to researchers, designers and application engineers working on switched-mode AC-DC converters. A classified list of more than 450 research publications on the state of art of IPQC is also given for a quick reference.
1,691 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a systematic review of bridgeless power factor correction (PFC) boost rectifiers, also called dual-boost PFC rectifiers is presented, where loss analysis and experimental efficiency evaluation for both CCM and DCM/CCM boundary operations are provided.
Abstract: In this paper, a systematic review of bridgeless power factor correction (PFC) boost rectifiers, also called dual boost PFC rectifiers, is presented. Performance comparison between the conventional PFC boost rectifier and a representative member of the bridgeless PFC boost rectifier family is performed. Loss analysis and experimental efficiency evaluation for both CCM and DCM/CCM boundary operations are provided.
739 citations
07 May 2007
TL;DR: In this article, a systematic review of bridgeless PFC boost rectifiers, also called dual boost PFC rectifiers is presented, where design considerations and experimental results in both CCM and DCM/CCM boundary operations are provided.
Abstract: In this paper, a systematic review of bridgeless PFC boost rectifiers, also called dual boost PFC rectifiers, is presented. Performance comparison between the conventional PFC boost rectifier and a representative member of the bridgeless PFC boost rectifier family is performed. Design considerations and experimental results in both CCM and DCM/CCM boundary operations are provided.
588 citations
"A High-Performance Single-Phase Bri..." refers methods in this paper
...The conventional boost converter, bridgeless boost converter and interleaved boost converter are reviewed for application in front-end ac–dc conversion for PHEV battery charging in the following sub-sections....
[...]
01 Nov 2008
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the infrastructure requirements for PHEVs in single family residential, multi-family residential and commercial situations, and provided an estimate of the infrastructure costs associated with PHEV deployment.
Abstract: Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are under evaluation by various stake holders to better understand their capability and potential benefits. PHEVs could allow users to significantly improve fuel economy over a standard HEV and in some cases, depending on daily driving requirements and vehicle design, have the ability to eliminate fuel consumption entirely for daily vehicle trips. The cost associated with providing charge infrastructure for PHEVs, along with the additional costs for the on-board power electronics and added battery requirements associated with PHEV technology will be a key factor in the success of PHEVs. This report analyzes the infrastructure requirements for PHEVs in single family residential, multi-family residential and commercial situations. Costs associated with this infrastructure are tabulated, providing an estimate of the infrastructure costs associated with PHEV deployment.
431 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a two-induction, interleaved power factor-corrected (PFC) boost converter that exhibits voltage doubler characteristic when it operates with a duty cycle greater than 0.5 is introduced.
Abstract: A novel, two-inductor, interleaved power-factor-corrected (PFC) boost converter, that exhibits voltage-doubler characteristic when it operates with a duty cycle greater than 0.5 is introduced. The voltage-doubler characteristic of the proposed converter makes it quite suitable for universal-line (90-264 VRMS) PFC applications. Because the proposed PFC boost rectifier operates as a voltage doubler at low line, its low-line range efficiency is greatly improved compared to that of its conventional counterpart. The performance of the proposed PFC rectifier was evaluated on an experimental 1.3-kW universal-line PFC prototype.
334 citations