A linear switched reluctance motor: converter and control
03 Oct 1999-Vol. 36, Iss: 5, pp 0-0
TL;DR: In this article, a converter topology with a minimum number of power devices and control implementations to facilitate the pulsation-free force control of the linear switched reluctance machines is investigated for the first time.
Abstract: The converter topology with a minimum number of power devices and control implementations to facilitate the pulsation-free force control of the linear switched reluctance machines are investigated for the first time in this paper. The minimization of the devices offers cost reduction, compact packaging, and enhanced overall reliability. With that in view, a topology with 3N/sub sc/+3 devices is chosen where N/sub sc/ is the number of sectors in the linear machine. The propulsion force with conventional control of single-phase excitation has high-commutation torque pulsation and it is overcome with a multiphase excitation strategy, proposed in this paper. Further, the proposed control strategy reduces the normal force pulsation. A systematic step-by-step design procedure of the switching strategy for the converter known as unipolar switching strategy, proportional plus integral current controller, and gating control strategy of a long linear switched reluctance machine is presented. Experimental correlation of the proposed converter arrangement and control strategy is presented with a 4.8 m-long linear switched reluctance machine in achieving the stated objectives.
Citations
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03 Oct 1999
TL;DR: In this paper, a standard design procedure for a single-sided and longitudinal flux-based linear switched reluctance machine is developed for a 4.8-m-long prototype, and an analysis procedure is developed with a magnetic model and results from it are verified with finite-element analysis.
Abstract: A standard design procedure for a single-sided and longitudinal flux-based linear switched reluctance machine is developed in this paper. The proposed design procedure utilizes the rotating switched reluctance machine design by converting the specifications of the linear machine into the equivalent rotary machine. The machine design is carried out in the rotary domain, which is then transformed back into the linear domain. Such a procedure brings to bear the knowledge base and familiarity of the rotary machine designers to design a linear machine effectively. This paper contains the illustration of the proposed design procedure for a 4.8-m-long prototype. An analysis procedure is developed with a magnetic model and results from it are verified with finite-element analysis prior to construction of the prototype. Extensive experimental correlation in the form of inductance versus position versus current and propulsion force versus position versus current to validate the analysis and design procedure is given in the paper.
140 citations
Cites methods from "A linear switched reluctance motor:..."
...A companion paper describes the converter and control of the LSRM [ 15 ]....
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TL;DR: The analytical and experimental results of this paper prove that LSRMs are one of the strong candidates for linear elevator propulsion drives.
Abstract: Linear switched reluctance motor (LSRM) drives are investigated and proved in this study as an alternative actuator for vertical linear transportation applications such as a linear elevator. A one-tenth-scaled prototype elevator that is focused on a home elevator with LSRMs is designed, and extensive experimental correlation is presented for the first time in this paper. The proposed LSRM has twin stators and a set of translator poles without yoke placed between the two stators. The features of the LSRM and the prototype elevator are described. Furthermore, a control strategy for the prototype elevator is introduced consisting of four control loops, viz., (1) current, (2) force, (3) velocity, and (4) position feedback control loops. Force control of the experimental prototype elevator employs the proposed force distribution function. A trapezoidal velocity profile is introduced to control vertical travel position smoothly during ascent, descent, and stop of the elevator. Conventional proportional-integral controller is used for the current and velocity control loops and their designs are described. The proposed control strategy is dynamically simulated and experimentally correlated. The analytical and experimental results of this paper prove that LSRMs are one of the strong candidates for linear elevator propulsion drives.
128 citations
Cites methods from "A linear switched reluctance motor:..."
...A general second-order system can be derived from the simplified velocity transfer function for a given set of the desired velocity loop bandwidth ωv and damping ratio ζv as described in [13]....
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...As developed in [13], the new current control input uk using a PI controller is given as...
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...With these advantages, LSRMs have been studied as to their suitability in some linear applications such as in horizontal linear transportation system [13], high-precision position application in manufacturing automation [14], and cylindrical type linear actuator using an LSRM for applications requiring controlled low-speed linear motion [15]....
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...Thus, the PI velocity controller gains are simply calculated as described in [13]....
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Dissertation•
23 Mar 2007
TL;DR: Linear switched reluctance motor (LSRM) drives are investigated and proved in this paper as an alternative actuator for vertical linear transportation applications such as a linear elevator and a control strategy for the prototype elevator is introduced consisting of four control loops, viz., (1) current, (2) force, (3) velocity and (4) position feedback control loops.
Abstract: Linear switched reluctance motor (LSRM) drives are investigated and proved in this study as an alternative actuator for vertical linear transportation applications such as a linear elevator. A one-tenth-scaled prototype elevator that is focused on a home elevator with LSRMs is designed, and extensive experimental correlation is presented for the first time in this paper. The proposed LSRM has twin stators and a set of translator poles without yoke placed between the two stators. The features of the LSRM and the prototype elevator are described. Furthermore, a control strategy for the prototype elevator is introduced consisting of four control loops, viz., (1) current, (2) force, (3) velocity, and (4) position feedback control loops. Force control of the experimental prototype elevator employs the proposed force distribution function. A trapezoidal velocity profile is introduced to control vertical travel position smoothly during ascent, descent, and stop of the elevator. Conventional proportional-integral controller is used for the current and velocity control loops and their designs are described. The proposed control strategy is dynamically simulated and experimentally correlated. The analytical and experimental results of this paper prove that LSRMs are one of the strong candidates for linear elevator propulsion drives.
118 citations
TL;DR: Extensive simulation results prove that the proposed LSRM with the new FDF exhibits superior performance and it is believed that it may be suitable for the ship elevator application.
Abstract: Linear switched reluctance motors (LSRMs) for the primary propulsion of a ship elevator is proposed and investigated for the first time in this paper. To achieve the stated objective, a new type of LSRM is proposed with twin stators and a translator between them with no back iron in the translator. The proposed configuration of the LSRM is designed, simulated, analyzed, compared with traditional LSRMs, and verified by experimental measurements. The number of LSRM propulsion subsystems required is studied with a view to minimize their weights and an optimization study for that purpose is developed. Unique placement of the LSRM propulsion systems on the elevator is presented. The propulsion force is generated using one phase or multiphase excitation. To reduce propulsion force pulsations, a major requirement in elevators, controlled multiphase excitation using one of the known force distribution functions (FDF) is an acceptable solution. In this paper, it is proved that the currently available FDFs are able to reduce the force pulsations but are not able to meet the peak force command for the system. Consequently, the velocity and position control do not meet even the elementary performance requirements any more. A new FDF is proposed in this paper and presented to overcome the problem caused by a conventional FDF. The control system with the proposed FDF is derived and integrated into velocity and position controllers. Extensive dynamic simulation and experimental verification of the proposed LSRM with the novel FDF is proved to give superior performance in this paper. Such high performance capable of meeting vertical elevator applications is demonstrated.
112 citations
Cites background or methods from "A linear switched reluctance motor:..."
...The commanded force generated by this control scheme is given as [8]...
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...In [8] and [9], a detailed linear motor design procedure and the motor control algorithm are described with the rated force of only 45 N....
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...14–17 comparing a conventional FDF force control presented in [8] and the proposed FDF force control strategy....
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...In addition, a new force distribution function (FDF) to distribute the propulsion force by multiphase excitation is proposed because the conventional FDF proposed in [8] is not suitable for the force control for vertical propulsion systems....
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...Since a high force ripple is present with the conventional one or multiphase excitation developed in [8], a new multiphase excitation scheme is proposed as shown in Table V....
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11 Dec 2006
Abstract: This paper presents the comparison of four linear switched reluctance machines (LSRMs) as possible candidates for application in vertical elevators. Linear induction and linear synchronous machines have been presented and experimentally tested in vertical elevators. In this paper, four longitudinal LSRM configurations are presented and designed to operate as propulsion actuators in a vertical elevator prototype. Two of the four configurations have been presented earlier in horizontal propulsion experiments, and a third one has been proposed for application in vertical elevators. All four LSRMs are designed for similar static force profiles to allow for their comparison. The designed LSRM configurations are compared by using finite-element analysis and dynamic control simulations. The stator, translator, and copper winding weight and dimensions, footprint area, active material weight, normal forces and payload capabilities for all four configurations are contrasted. The configuration with the highest payload capability is chosen for implementation in an experimental prototype. The prototype vertical elevator is 1.27 m tall with a 1-ft-tall elevator vehicle with no counterweights and uses two LSRM setups on each side. The experimental correlation of propulsion force and inductance is presented to validate the theoretical design method used in this research.
111 citations
Cites background from "A linear switched reluctance motor:..."
...For the translator poles of the high force density (Type 3) and modified high force density (Type 4) LSRMs, the pole height is additionally increased by 9 mm on each side to allow for screw holes through the stack to mount them on to the elevator structure....
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...A phase current for the 50% unaligned case....
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References
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Book•
26 Jul 1989
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a simulation of power switch-mode converters for zero-voltage and/or zero-current switchings in power electronic converters and systems.
Abstract: Partial table of contents: Overview of Power Semiconductor Switches Computer Simulation of Power Electronic Converters and Systems GENERIC POWER ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS dc--dc Switch-Mode Converters Resonant Converters: Zero-Voltage and/or Zero-Current Switchings POWER SUPPLY APPLICATIONS Power Conditioners and Uninterruptible Power Supplies MOTOR DRIVE APPLICATIONS dc Motor Drives Induction Motor Drives Synchronous Motor Drives OTHER APPLICATIONS Residential and Industrial Applications Optimizing the Utility Interface with Power Electronic Systems SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES Basic Semiconductor Physics Power Diodes Power MOSFETs Thyristors Emerging Devices and Circuits PRACTICAL CONVERTER DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS Snubber Circuits Gate and Base Drive Circuits Design of Magnetic Components Index
5,911 citations
"A linear switched reluctance motor:..." refers methods in this paper
...The idea of unipolar switching was first applied to a -bridge converter consisting of four switches and four diodes [ 14 ]....
[...]
Book•
01 Aug 1993
TL;DR: This paper presents a meta-modelling framework for computer-aided design of the power-electronic controller and some examples show how this approach can be applied to motor design.
Abstract: Introduction 1. Energy conversion principles 2. Motor design 3. Dynamic operation 4. Computer-aided design 5. The power-electronic controller 6. Control strategies 7. Losses and cooling 8. Applications 9. Example design 10. Tests and measurements References Index
1,263 citations
Book•
01 Mar 1997TL;DR: Linear electric actuators and generators (LEAGs) as mentioned in this paper are electromagnetic devices which develop directly short-travel progressive (or oscillatory) linear motion, and have been used in many applications in compressors, pumps, electromagnetic valve actuators, active shock absorbers, vibrators etc.
Abstract: Linear electric actuators and generators (LEAGs) are electromagnetic devices which develop directly short-travel progressive (or oscillatory) linear motion. Machine tool sliding tables, pen recorders and free piston power machines are typical industrial applications for LEAGs. Their recent revival in applications in compressors, pumps, electromagnetic valve actuators, active shock absorbers, vibrators, etc. Prompts this review, which presents main LEAGs configurations, their principles of operations, comparative performance evaluation, motion control and existing as well as potential applications.
591 citations
"A linear switched reluctance motor:..." refers background in this paper
...Basic converter configurations have been described in [1], [3], and [7]‐[ 9 ], but the control procedure is not described extensively....
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...INEAR switched reluctance machines (LSRMs) with different machine configurations have been explored before in the literature [1]‐[ 9 ]....
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29 Jun 1992
TL;DR: In this paper, the position-phase current profile for current feeding a four-phase, 4 kW switched reluctance motor is optimized to minimize both the average and peak current and hence improves the dynamic performance of the novel six-switch, current-fed, 4-kW, 40 kHz IGBT inverter.
Abstract: Optimal precalculation of the position-phase current profile for current feeding a four-phase, 4 kW switched reluctance motor results in a single-input, linear, decoupled output torque controller that provides low torque ripple. A bicubic spline interpolation was used to model the nonlinear experimental data. The algorithm is based on minimizing both the average and peak current and hence improves the dynamic performance of the novel six-switch, current-fed, 4 kW, 40 kHz IGBT inverter. Test results are presented. >
160 citations
"A linear switched reluctance motor:..." refers background in this paper
...From Fig. 2, the optimal commutation position that minimizes current for a maximum possible machine efficiency [ 12 ] , for phase can be found to be 27.4 mm (the position where the rising torque function is equal to the falling torque function ) and the average value of for 7.4 mm‐27.4 mm is calculated as...
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03 Oct 1999
TL;DR: In this paper, a standard design procedure for a single-sided and longitudinal flux-based linear switched reluctance machine is developed for a 4.8-m-long prototype, and an analysis procedure is developed with a magnetic model and results from it are verified with finite-element analysis.
Abstract: A standard design procedure for a single-sided and longitudinal flux-based linear switched reluctance machine is developed in this paper. The proposed design procedure utilizes the rotating switched reluctance machine design by converting the specifications of the linear machine into the equivalent rotary machine. The machine design is carried out in the rotary domain, which is then transformed back into the linear domain. Such a procedure brings to bear the knowledge base and familiarity of the rotary machine designers to design a linear machine effectively. This paper contains the illustration of the proposed design procedure for a 4.8-m-long prototype. An analysis procedure is developed with a magnetic model and results from it are verified with finite-element analysis prior to construction of the prototype. Extensive experimental correlation in the form of inductance versus position versus current and propulsion force versus position versus current to validate the analysis and design procedure is given in the paper.
140 citations