A Literature review on Design for Emotion
02 Sep 2021-pp 1-6
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a descriptive review of 66 related papers on this topic and then propose a research framework for emotional design. But, there is no comprehensive literature review to set up a design for emotion research framework.
Abstract: Design for emotion aims to improve human well-being. Design for emotion is a multi-disciplinary or interdisciplinary research field, including art, design, computer science, psychology, education, engineering, and other fields. In the last ten years, there has been an increasing focus on design for emotion in various areas. However, there is no comprehensive literature review to set up a design for emotion research framework. To address this gap, this paper presents a descriptive review of 66 related papers on this topic and then proposes a research framework for emotional design.
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TL;DR: This review focuses on two commonly used strategies for down-regulating emotion, reappraisal and suppression, and concludes with a consideration of five important directions for future research on emotion regulation processes.
Abstract: One of life's great challenges is successfully regulating emotions. Do some emotion regulation strategies have more to recommend them than others? According to Gross's (1998, Review of General Psychology, 2, 271-299) process model of emotion regulation, strategies that act early in the emotion-generative process should have a different profile of consequences than strategies that act later on. This review focuses on two commonly used strategies for down-regulating emotion. The first, reappraisal, comes early in the emotion-generative process. It consists of changing the way a situation is construed so as to decrease its emotional impact. The second, suppression, comes later in the emotion-generative process. It consists of inhibiting the outward signs of inner feelings. Experimental and individual-difference studies find reappraisal is often more effective than suppression. Reappraisal decreases emotion experience and behavioral expression, and has no impact on memory. By contrast, suppression decreases behavioral expression, but fails to decrease emotion experience, and actually impairs memory. Suppression also increases physiological responding for suppressors and their social partners. This review concludes with a consideration of five important directions for future research on emotion regulation processes.
3,555 citations
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05 Apr 2011TL;DR: The appeal of what I write comes from the fact that it is grounded in careful science: statistical tests, validated questionnaires, thoroughly researched exercises, and large, representative samples as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: I have spent my professional life avoiding unguarded promises like this one. I am a research scientist, and a conservative one at that. The appeal of what I write comes from the fact that it is grounded in careful science: statistical tests, validated questionnaires, thoroughly researched exercises, and large, representative samples. In contrast to pop psychology and the bulk of self-improvement, my writings are believable because of the underlying science.”
3,125 citations
TL;DR: Findings provide prospective evidence to support the prediction that positive emotions initiate upward spirals toward enhanced emotional well-being.
Abstract: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions pre- dicts that positive emotions broaden the scopes of attention and cogni- tion, and, by consequence, initiate upward spirals toward increasing emotional well-being. The present study assessed this prediction by testing whether positive affect and broad-minded coping reciprocally and prospectively predict one another. One hundred thirty-eight col- lege students completed self-report measures of affect and coping at two assessment periods 5 weeks apart. As hypothesized, regression analyses showed that initial positive affect, but not negative affect, predicted improved broad-minded coping, and initial broad-minded coping predicted increased positive affect, but not reductions in nega- tive affect. Further mediational analyses showed that positive affect and broad-minded coping serially enhanced one another. These find- ings provide prospective evidence to support the prediction that posi- tive emotions initiate upward spirals toward enhanced emotional well- being. Implications for clinical practice and health promotion are dis- cussed. Positive emotions feel good. Plus, the balance of people's positive and negative emotions contributes to judgments of life satisfaction (Diener & Larsen, 1993). Are these the only reasons people should care about positive emotions? We think not. We propose that positive emotions not only feel good in the present, but also increase the likeli- hood that one will feel good in the future. That is, we suggest that pos- itive emotions trigger upward spirals toward enhanced emotional well- being. This prediction stems from a new perspective on positive emotions offered within Fredrickson's (1998, 2001) broaden-and-build theory . This model posits that, unlike negative emotions, which narrow people's thought-action repertoires (e.g., fight or flight), positive emo- tions broaden people's thought-action repertoires, encouraging them to discover novel lines of thought or action. Joy, for instance, creates the urge to play, interest creates the urge to explore, and so on. A key, incidental outcome of these broadened mind-sets is an increase in personal resources: As individuals discover new ideas and actions, they build their physical, intellectual, social, and psychological re- sources. Play, for instance, builds physical, socioemotional, and in- tellectual skills, and fuels brain development. Similarly, exploration increases knowledge and psychological complexity (Fredrickson, 1998, 2000).
2,294 citations
TL;DR: The view that there exist basic emotions out of which all other emotions are built, and in terms of which they can be explained, is questioned, raising the possibility that this position is an article of faith rather than an empirically or theoretically defensible basis for the conduct of emotion research.
Abstract: A widespread assumption in theories of emotion is that there exists a small set of basic emotions. From a biological perspective, this idea is manifested in the belief that there might be neurophysiological and anatomical substrates corresponding to the basic emotions. From a psychological perspective, basic emotions are often held to be the primitive building blocks of other, nonbasic emotions. The content of such claims is examined, and the results suggest that there is no coherent nontrivial notion of basic emotions as the elementary psychological primitives in terms of which other emotions can be explained. Thus, the view that there exist basic emotions out of which all other emotions are built, and in terms of which they can be explained, is questioned, raising the possibility that this position is an article of faith rather than an empirically or theoretically defensible basis for the conduct of emotion research. This suggests that perhaps the notion of basic emotions will not lead to significant progress in the field. An alternative approach to explaining the phenomena that appear to motivate the postulation of basic emotions is presented.
1,827 citations
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TL;DR: It is proposed here that emotion is any mental experience with high intensity and high hedonic content (pleasure/displeasure), as a follow-up to a definition of consciousness as a four-dimensional experience.
1,685 citations