A low-cost interface to high-value resistive sensors varying over a wide range
20 May 2003-Vol. 53, Iss: 4, pp 1052-1056
TL;DR: In this article, a low-cost interface for high-value resistive sensors varying over a wide range, from k/spl Omega/ to G/spl O(spl Omega), is presented.
Abstract: This paper presents a low-cost interface for high-value resistive sensors varying over a wide range, from k/spl Omega/ to G/spl Omega/. The proposed circuit that acts as a "resistance to period converter" is suitable to be interfaced to a microcontroller or a counting device. The behavior of real electronic components that produce estimation errors, is taken into account. Experimental results obtained by the realized prototype show a good resolution and repeatability.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a wide-dynamic-range interface circuit for resistive gas-sensors able to operate without calibration, which is based on resistance-to-frequency conversion.
Abstract: In this paper, we present the design and the characterization of a wide-dynamic-range interface circuit for resistive gas-sensors able to operate without calibration. The circuit is based on resistance-to-frequency conversion, which guarantees low complexity. The state-of-the-art of this measurement method has been improved first by separating the resistance value controlled oscillator circuit (RCO) from the sensing device, thus leading to higher linearity performance, and then by exploiting a novel digital frequency measurement system. Measurement results on a silicon prototype, designed in a 0.35-mum CMOS technology, show that the circuit achieves, without calibration, a precision in resistance measurement of 0.4% over a range of 4 decades and better than 0.8% over 5 decades (dynamic range, DR = 141 dB). Furthermore, after calibration, it reaches a precision of 0.4% for resistance values ranging between 1 kOmega and 1 GOmega, thus leading to a DR of 168 dB. The prototype chip consumes less than 15 mW from a 3.3-V supply.
99 citations
TL;DR: An integrated wide-dynamic-range interface circuit for resistive gas-sensors arrays that achieves a measurement accuracy almost always better than 0.1 % over a sensor resistance range of more than 5 decades is presented.
Abstract: In this paper an integrated wide-dynamic-range interface circuit for resistive gas-sensors arrays is presented. The proposed device consists of a multiscale transresistance continuous time amplifier followed by a 13-bit incremental A/D converter. The circuit selects automatically the scale to use for each measurement and includes two digital-to-analog converters for the calibration of offset and gain of each scale. The proposed interface circuit achieves a measurement accuracy almost always better than 0.1 % over a sensor resistance range of more than 5 decades [100 Omega-20 MOmega], leading to an equivalent dynamic range of about 160 dB. The chip has been realized with a 0.35 mum CMOS technology and occupies an area of 3.1 mm2 consuming 6 mW from a 3.3 V power supply.
81 citations
TL;DR: Experiments on synthetic data and real datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed anti-drift method in comparison to state-of-the-art methods.
Abstract: Anti-drift is an emergent and challenging issue in sensor-related subjects. In this paper, we propose to address the time-varying drift (e.g. electronic nose drift), which is sometimes an ill-posed problem due to its uncertainty and unpredictability. Considering that drift is with different probability distribution from the regular data, a machine learning based subspace projection approach is proposed. The main idea behind is that given two data clusters with different probability distribution, we tend to find a latent projection P (i.e. a group of basis), such that the newly projected subspace of the two clusters is with similar distribution. In other words, drift is automatically removed or reduced by projecting the data onto a new common subspace. The merits are threefold: 1) the proposed subspace projection is unsupervised; without using any data label information; 2) a simple but effective domain distance is proposed to represent the mean distribution discrepancy metric; 3) the proposed anti-drift method can be easily solved by Eigen decomposition; and anti-drift is manifested with a well solved projection matrix in real application. Experiments on synthetic data and real datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed anti-drift method in comparison to state-of-the-art methods.
77 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a cross-domain discriminative subspace learning (CDSL) method for multiple electronic noses (E-noses), machine olfaction odor perception systems.
Abstract: In this paper, we propose an odor recognition framework for multiple electronic noses (E-noses), machine olfaction odor perception systems. Straight to the point, the proposed transferring odor recognition model is called cross-domain discriminative subspace learning (CDSL). General odor recognition problems with E-nose are single domain oriented, that is, recognition algorithms are often modeled and tested on the same one domain data set (i.e., from only one E-nose system). Different from that, we focus on a more realistic scenario: the recognition model is trained on a prepared source domain data set from a master E-nose system ${A}$ , but tested on another target domain data set from a slave system ${B}$ or ${C}$ with the same type of the master system ${A}$ . The internal device parameter variance between master and slave systems often results in data distribution discrepancy between source domain and target domain, such that single-domain-based odor recognition model may not be adapted to another domain. Therefore, we propose domain-adaptation-based odor recognition for addressing the realistic recognition scenario across systems. Specifically, the proposed CDSL method consists of three merits: 1) an intraclass scatter minimization- and an interclass scatter maximization-based discriminative subspace learning is solved on source domain; 2) a data fidelity and preservation constraint of the subspace is imposed on target domain without distortion; and 3) a minipatch feature weighted domain distance is minimized for closely connecting the source and target domains. Experiments and comparisons on odor recognition tasks in multiple E-noses demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method.
75 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a low-power drop-coated metal-oxide gas sensors on polyimide foil was presented. But the performance of the sensors was limited by the fact that they showed a very good chemoresistive response when exposed to CO and NO2.
Abstract: Highly miniaturized low-power drop-coated metal-oxide gas sensors on polyimide foil are presented. Drop-coating of SnO2-based material was successfully achieved on transducers as small as 15 μm on polyimide, a substrate compatible with the printed electronics industry. The sensors showed a very good chemoresistive response when exposed to CO and NO2. The power consumptions of the sensors ranged from a minimum of 7.7 mW for the smallest hotplate at 200 °C to a maximum of 28.4 mW for the largest device at 250 °C in continuous mode of operation. In a pulsed mode, their consumption was reduced to the sub-milliwatt range for the 15 μm wide heaters while keeping a good chemoresistive response, widening their use to low-power applications, such as for wireless systems. The sensors were interfaced to a custom-made electronic circuitry with a readout based on time-to-digital conversion to minimize the amount of electronic components and reduce the power consumption. The power consumption of the 15 μm wide sensor was 680 μW in pulsed mode, while the sensor system exhibited a total power consumption of 1.9 mW. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
62 citations
References
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Book•
17 Aug 1993
TL;DR: Signal Conditioning for Resistive Sensors Reactance Variation and Electromagnetic Sensors and Signals for Self-Generating Sensors Signal conditioning for self-Generation Sensors Digital Sensors Telemetry and Data Acquisition.
Abstract: Resistive Sensors Signal Conditioning for Resistive Sensors Reactance Variation and Electromagnetic Sensors Signal Conditioning for Reactance Variation Sensors Generating Sensors Signal Conditioning for Self-Generating Sensors Digital Sensors Other Sensing Methods Telemetry and Data Acquisition General Bibliography Appendix Index.
432 citations
TL;DR: Nanosized TiO2 thin films with different doping concentrations on alumina substrates were prepared using a sol-gel process for alcohol sensing Experimental results indicated that the sensor was able to monitor alcohols selectively at ppm levels as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Nanosized TiO2 thin films with different doping concentrations on alumina substrates were prepared using a sol–gel process for alcohol sensing Experimental results indicated that the sensor is able to monitor alcohols selectively at ppm levels The samples are insensitive (S
92 citations
"A low-cost interface to high-value ..." refers background in this paper
...OME SENSORS [ 1 ] are able to monitor alcohols selectively at ppm levels, but they require high-cost laboratory instrumentation and sophisticated calibration procedures....
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TL;DR: The design of a very flexible, low-cost speed evaluation system that provides fast dynamic response and high accuracy over a wide speed range and can be integrated as part of an existing tachometer assembly is presented.
Abstract: The design of a very flexible, low-cost speed evaluation system is presented. The system provides fast dynamic response and high accuracy over a wide speed range. The design is suitable for a broad range of applications and can be integrated as part of an existing tachometer assembly. Hardware requirements and appropriate software structures for a microcontroller implementation are discussed. The algorithm used to calculate the speed is based on the method of constant elapsed time. The predicted performance is verified experimentally. >
84 citations
"A low-cost interface to high-value ..." refers methods in this paper
...Oscillation period T can easily be measured, for instance, applying reciprocal counter technique [ 5 ], well known as constant elapsed time (CET) method, to the comparator output signal....
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TL;DR: A signal conditioning circuit for resistive sensors is presented based on a relaxation oscillator in which both the frequency and the duty-cycle of the square-wave output signal simultaneously carry information from a pair of different sensors.
Abstract: A signal conditioning circuit for resistive sensors is presented. It is based on a relaxation oscillator in which both the frequency and the duty-cycle of the square-wave output signal simultaneously carry information from a pair of different sensors. The output frequency is linearly related to the resistive unbalance of a Wheatstone bridge, while the duty-cycle is independently controlled by a second sensor. The latter can be a thermoresistor used for thermal compensation of the primary sensor. The design, analysis, and experimental characterization of the circuit and its application to a thick-film pressure sensor are reported. A method for compensating the accuracy degradation caused by the finite switching delays is illustrated, and results on its experimental validation are given.
45 citations
"A low-cost interface to high-value ..." refers background in this paper
...Fig. 1. According to the traditional oscillator scheme [3], [ 4 ], the current flowing in the resistive sensing element alternately charges and discharges the capacitor C with a constant current, under the hypothesis that does not vary during the integrating time....
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TL;DR: This paper presents a smart and accurate interface for resistive sensors based on the use of a relaxation oscillator, able to measure a resistance of 0 to 400 /spl Omega/, with a resolution of 7 m/spl Omega/ and an accuracy of 11 m/ spl Omega/.
Abstract: This paper presents a smart and accurate interface for resistive sensors based on the use of a relaxation oscillator. To obtain high accuracy, good long-term stability and a reduction of the effects of interference and parasitic elements, some classical and new measurement techniques have been applied in the novel sensor interface. Moreover, all multiplicative and additive errors, and the common-mode effect of the interface are eliminated, using a multiple-signal calibration technique. A prototype has been built and was tested. Experimental results show that the interface is able to measure a resistance of 0 to 400 /spl Omega/, with a resolution of 7 m/spl Omega/ and an accuracy of 11 m/spl Omega/. The measurement time is about 100 ms.
18 citations
"A low-cost interface to high-value ..." refers background in this paper
...Fig. 1. According to the traditional oscillator scheme [ 3 ], [4], the current flowing in the resistive sensing element alternately charges and discharges the capacitor C with a constant current, under the hypothesis that does not vary during the integrating time....
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