A LREE-depleted component in the Afar plume; further evidence from Quaternary Djibouti basalts

doi:10.1016/J.LITHOS.2009.09.008

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A LREE-depleted component in the Afar plume; further evidence from Quaternary Djibouti basalts

Journal Article•DOI•

A LREE-depleted component in the Afar plume; further evidence from Quaternary Djibouti basalts

Mohamed Ahmed Daoud¹, René C. Maury¹, Jean-Alix Barrat¹, Rex N. Taylor², Bernard Le Gall¹, Hervé Guillou³, Joseph Cotten¹, Joël Rolet¹ - Show less +4 more•Institutions (3)

European University of Brittany¹, University of Southampton², Centre national de la recherche scientifique³

01 Feb 2010-Lithos (Elsevier)-Vol. 114, Iss: 3, pp 327-336

TL;DR: In this paper, trace element and isotopic (Sr, Nd, Pb) data and unspiked K-Ar ages are presented for Quaternary (0.90-0.95 Ma old) basalts from the Hayyabley volcano, Djibouti.

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About: This article is published in Lithos.The article was published on 2010-02-01 and is currently open access. It has received 22 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Basalt & Trace element.

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Figures (8)

Table 3 Click here to download Table: Hayy_Table 3nb.doc

Table 1. Unspiked 40K-40Ar datings of Hayyabley basalts. See text for the analytical 1 procedures. 2 3

Table 4. Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic compositions of Hayyabley basalts (B: bulk rock; R: residue 1 after leaching). See text for the analytical procedures. Δ7/4 and Δ 8/4 denote the deviation (in 2 0/00) of

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Journal Article•DOI•

The size of plume heterogeneities constrained by Marquesas isotopic stripes

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Catherine Chauvel¹, René C. Maury², Sylvain Blais², Eric Lewin¹, Hervé Guillou¹, Gérard Guille, Philippe Rossi, Marc-André Gutscher² - Show less +4 more•Institutions (2)

Centre national de la recherche scientifique¹, European University of Brittany²

01 Jul 2012-Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present new Sr, Nd, Pb, Hf and Hf isotopes as well as trace element data on lavas from several Marquesas Islands and demonstrate that this archipelago consists of two adjacent and distinct rows of islands with significantly different isotopic compositions.

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Abstract: The scale and geometry of chemical and isotopic heterogeneities in the source of plumes have important scientific implications on the nature, composition and origin of plumes and on the dynamics of mantle mixing over time. Here, we address these issues through the study of Marquesas Islands, one of the Archipelagoes in Polynesia. We present new Sr, Nd, Pb, Hf isotopes as well as trace element data on lavas from several Marquesas Islands and demonstrate that this archipelago consists of two adjacent and distinct rows of islands with significantly different isotopic compositions. For the entire 5.5 Ma construction period, the northern islands, hereafter called the Ua Huka group, has had systematically higher 87Sr/86Sr and lower 206Pb/204Pb ratios than the southern Fatu Hiva group at any given 143Nd/144Nd value. The shape and curvature of mixing arrays preclude the ambient depleted MORB mantle as one of the mixing end-members. We believe therefore that the entire isotopic heterogeneity originates in the plume itself. We suggest that the two Marquesas isotopic stripes originate from partial melting of two adjacent filaments contained in small plumes or "plumelets" that came from a large dome structure located deep in the mantle under Polynesia. Low-degree partial melting under Marquesas and other "weak" Polynesian hot spot chains (Pitcairn-Gambier, Austral-Cook, Society) sample small areas of the dome and preserve source heterogeneities. In contrast, more productive hot spots build up large islands such as Big Island in Hawaii or Reunion Island, and the higher degrees of melting blur the isotopic variability of the plume source.

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62 citations

Cites background from "A LREE-depleted component in the Af..."

...…Thirlwall et al., 2004; Kokfelt et al., 2006], the Galapagos [White et al., 1993;Hoernle et al., 2000; Blichert-Toft and White, 2001; Saal et al., 2007], Afar [Furman et al., 2006; Beccaluva et al., 2009; Daoud et al., 2010] and Hawaii [Yang et al., 2003; Frey et al., 2005; Fekiacova et al., 2007]....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Young rift kinematics in the Tadjoura rift, western Gulf of Aden, Republic of Djibouti

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Mohamed Ahmed Daoud¹, Bernard Le Gall¹, René C. Maury¹, Joël Rolet¹, Philippe Huchon², Hervé Guillou³ - Show less +2 more•Institutions (3)

European University of Brittany¹, University of Paris², Centre national de la recherche scientifique³

01 Feb 2011-Tectonics

TL;DR: In this paper, the Tadjoura rift is interpreted as an asymmetrical south-facing half-gr aben, about 40 km wide, dominated by a large boundary fault zone to the north.

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Abstract: The Tadjoura rift forms the westernmost edge of the westerly-propagating Sheba ridge, between Arabia a nd Somalia, as it enters into the Afar depression. Fro m structural and remote sensing dataset, the Tadjou ra rift is interpreted as an asymmetrical south-facing half-gr aben, about 40 km-wide, dominated by a large boundary fault zone to the north. It is partially filled up by the 1-3 Ma-old Gulf Basalts which onlapped the older S omali Basalts along its shallower southern flexural margin. The m ajor and trace element analysis of 78 young onshore lavas allows us to distinguish and map four distinct basa ltic types, namely the Gulf, Somali, Goumarre and H ayyabley Basalts. These results, together with radiometric a ge data, lead us to propose a revised volcano-strat igraphic sketch of the two exposed Tadjoura rift margins, an d to discriminate and date several distinct fault n etworks of this oblique rift. Morphological and statistical an alyses of onshore extensional fault populations sho w marked changes in structural styles along-strike, in a dir ection parallel to the rift axis. These major fault disturbances are assigned to the arrest of axial fault tip propagati on against pre-existing discontinuities in the NS-o riented Arta transverse zone. According to our model, the sinist ral jump of rifting into the Asal-Ghoubbet rift seg ment results from structural inheritance, in contrast with the en echelon or transform mechanism of propagation that prevail ed along the entire length of the Gulf of Aden extensi onal system.

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46 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

The Cenozoic magmatism of East Africa: Part V – Magma sources and processes in the East African Rift

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Tyrone O. Rooney¹•Institutions (1)

Michigan State University¹

01 May 2020-Lithos

TL;DR: In this paper, the isotopic systematics of East African magmatism reveal significant complexity as to the specific reservoirs that may participate in the melting processes noted above, and the isotope characteristics of magma suites from throughout the region form arrays that broadly converge on the composition of the Afar Plume, despite some complexity where the plume material has formed a hybrid plume-lithosphere component.

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45 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

At the Age

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M. Hesselman

01 Jan 1982-Michigan Historical Review

43 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Palaeoproterozoic Continental MORB-type Tholeiites in the Karelian Craton: Petrology, Geochronology, and Tectonic Setting

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A. V. Stepanova, A. V. Samsonov, E. B. Sal’nikova, Igor S. Puchtel¹, Yu. O. Larionova, A. N. Larionov², V. S. Stepanov, Y. B. Shapovalov, S. V. Egorova - Show less +5 more•Institutions (2)

University of Maryland, College Park¹, Unitary enterprise²

01 Sep 2014-Journal of Petrology

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the results of U^Pb (zircon) and Sm^Nd internal isochron dating for MORB-type tholeiitic dikes in the Karelian Craton, eastern Fennoscandian Shield.

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Abstract: Major-element, lithophile trace element, and Sm^Nd and U^Pb zircon isotopic data are presented for Palaeoproterozoic mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB)-type tholeiitic dikes ranging in age from 2140 3 to 2126 5 Ma studied at six localities within three terranes in the Karelian Craton, eastern Fennoscandian Shield. All the studied dikes have remarkably uniform geochemical and isotope characteristics.They are tholeiitic basalts with low contents of large ion lithophile elements, high field strength elements, and rare earth elements (REE), nearly flat chondrite-normalized REE patterns [(La/Sm)n1⁄4 0·9^1·2, (Gd/Yb)n1⁄41·0^1·2], and positive Ti, Nb, and Zr anomalies in the primitive mantle-normalized diagrams. The dikes also show relatively uniform initial Nd isotope compositions, with eNd values ranging fromþ1·4 toþ3·0, despite the occurrence of these dikes within Archaean terranes with different crustal history. According to the results of U^Pb (zircon) and Sm^Nd internal isochron dating the crystallization age of the dikes is constrained to be c. 2·14 Ga. The studied MORB-type tholeiitic dikes are probably comagmatic with Palaeoproterozoic MORB-type basalts that have previously been recognized in the Karelian Craton, and might represent relicts of their magma feeder system.The uniformity of ages and geochemical and isotope characteristics of the MORB-type dikes and volcanic rocks suggest that they are probably related to a common magmatic event.This event was nearcontemporaneous with the eruption of high-Ti plume-related basalts and intrusion of dikes in the c. 2·1 Ga Jatulian continental flood basalt province. Geochemical modelling indicates that the chemical and isotopic compositions of the dikes are best explained by derivation of their parental magmas by partial melting of a uniformly depleted mantle source in the spinel peridotite stability field, followed by fractional crystallization and minor (56%) assimilation of continental crustal material. This suggests that magma-storage processes in upper crustal chambers were very short-lived; this could be the

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42 citations

Cites background from "A LREE-depleted component in the Af..."

...Analogues of the Karelian Palaeoproterozoic continental MORB-type tholeiities have been recognized in the North Atlantic and Afar continental flood basalt provinces, where depleted MORB-type tholeiitic basalts are shown to have formed simultaneously with high-Ti basalts (Barrat et al., 2003; Daoud et al., 2010; S ager & Holm, 2011;Waight & Baker, 2012)....
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..., 2012), and dikes (this study) compared with low-Ti tholeiites from the Faroe Islands (S ager & Holm, 2011), depleted basalts from Central East Greenland (Waight & Baker, 2012), LREE-depleted basalts from Central Afar (Barrat et al., 2003; Daoud et al., 2010), Kolbeinsey Ridge and Reykjanes Ridge basalts (PetDB), and global N-MORB (PetDB)....
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...MORB-type continental tholeiitic basalts are thought to have formed as a result of melting of depleted mantle components in mantle-plume source regions (Daoud et al., 2010; S ager & Holm, 2011; Waight & Baker, 2012)....
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..., 1990; Perttunen & Hanski, 2003); Fe^Ti basalts and low-Ti basalts, Faroe Islands (S ager & Holm, 2011); Fe^Ti basalts and depleted basalts, Central East Greenland (Waight & Baker, 2012); LREE-depleted basalts, Central Afar (Barrat et al., 2003; Daoud et al., 2010)....
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References

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Journal Article•DOI•

Changes of mantle sources in the course of a rift evolution: The Afar Case

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P. Vidal¹, C. Deniel¹, P. J. Vellutini, P. Piguet, Christian Coulon¹, J. Vincent¹, J. Audin¹ - Show less +3 more•Institutions (1)

Centre national de la recherche scientifique¹

01 Oct 1991-Geophysical Research Letters

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the interaction between the lithosphere and the mantle during the opening of a continental rift in the Djibuti Republic of Djibuthi, and confirmed that a mantle plume is associated with the rifting.

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Abstract: Afar is a favorable area in which to investigate the interactions between lithosphere and asthenosphere during the opening of a continental rift. The present work focuses on the territory of Djibuti Republic where volcanism has occurred over the past 25 Ma. With the exception of the oldest rhyolites which contain a large crustal-derived component, the Sr, Nd, Pb isotopic compositions of basalts indicate mantle sources without significant crustal contamination. As the rifting process goes on, the sources are evolving from an ancient and isotopically heterogeneous lithospheric subcontinental component (87Sr/86Sr = 0.707 and 206Pb/204Pb = 17.5) to a component having HIMU characteristics (87Sr/86Sr = 0.7035 and 206Pb/204Pb > 19). The influence of the asthenospheric depleted mantle is not established. The present data confirm that a mantle plume is associated with the rifting.

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84 citations

"A LREE-depleted component in the Af..." refers background in this paper

...Once again, such a mantle is 358 expected to be LREE-enriched (Hart et al., 1989; Vidal et al., 1991; Deniel et al., 1994) and 359 thus should transmit its trace element and isotopic fingerprint to LREE-poor ascending 360 magmas....
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...…authors have suggested that melting of the Afar lithospheric mantle explains a 41 significant proportion of the erupted lavas (Hart et al., 1989; Vidal et al., 1991; Deniel et al., 42 1994) whilst others point out that continental crust contamination can also contribute to the 43 isotopic…...
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Journal Article•DOI•

Isotope (Sr, Nd, Pb, O) and trace-element geochemistry of volcanics from the Erta'Ale range (Ethiopia)

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Jean-Alix Barrat, Serge Fourcade, Bor-ming Jahn, J.L. Cheminée, R. Capdevila - Show less +1 more

01 Jan 1998-Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that the Erta'Ale range is the most important axial volcanic chain of the Afar region and that the petrographic diversity of lavas erupted in this area is very important, ranging from magnesian transitional basalts to rhyolites.

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84 citations

"A LREE-depleted component in the Af..." refers background in this paper

...4 to 6) point to the participation of two mantle end-members, namely a 399 HIMU component and a depleted mantle (DM) component undistinguishable from the source 400 of the Red Sea MORB (Barrat et al., 1998)....
[...]
...Our new results confirm the presence within the Afar 450 region of basalts derived from an uncommon depleted component, isotopically distinct from 451 the source of the Red Sea MORBs and from the similarly depleted mantle (DM in Figs....
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...4 to 452 6) which contributes to the genesis of Erta„Ale volcanics (Barrat et al., 1998)....
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...…basalts from the East of the Gulf of Tadjoura 820 and the Aden Gulf (Barrat et al., 1990, 1993; Schilling et al., 1992), (3) Erta „Ale volcanics 821 (Barrat et al., 1998), (4) LREE-depleted basalts from Manda Hararo (MH, Barrat et al., 2003), 822 and (5) some Ethiopian samples (E88: depleted…...
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...The studies of meteorites from Sahara have demonstrated that 315 some of them, and not only the most weathered ones, exhibit marked Ba and Sr enrichments 316 that are sensitive indicators of the development of secondary calcite, gypsum, or barytes (e.g., 317 Barrat et al., 1998, 2003)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Origin of depleted components in basalt related to the Hawaiian hot spot: Evidence from isotopic and incompatible element ratios

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Frederick A. Frey¹, Shichun Huang¹, Janne Blichert-Toft², Marcel Regelous³, Marcel Regelous⁴, Maud Boyet² - Show less +2 more•Institutions (4)

Massachusetts Institute of Technology¹, École normale supérieure de Lyon², Max Planck Society³, University of Bristol⁴

01 Feb 2005-Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems

TL;DR: The radiogenic isotopic ratios of basaltic lavas associated with major hot spots, such as Hawaii, document the geochemical heterogeneity of their mantle source, and the role of a depleted component in the source of the incompatible element-enriched, rejuvenated-stage Hawaiian lavas is well known as discussed by the authors.

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Abstract: The radiogenic isotopic ratios of Sr, Nd, Hf, and Pb in basaltic lavas associated with major hot spots, such as Hawaii, document the geochemical heterogeneity of their mantle source. What processes created such heterogeneity? For Hawaiian lavas there has been extensive discussion of geochemically enriched source components, but relatively little attention has been given to the origin of depleted source components, that is, components with the lowest 87Sr/86Sr and highest 143Nd/144Nd and 176Hf/177Hf. The surprisingly important role of a depleted component in the source of the incompatible element-enriched, rejuvenated-stage Hawaiian lavas is well known. A depleted component also contributed significantly to the ∼76–81 Ma lavas erupted at Detroit Seamount in the Emperor Seamount Chain. In both cases, major involvement of MORB-related depleted asthenosphere or lithosphere has been proposed. Detroit Seamount and rejuvenated-stage lavas, however, have important isotopic differences from most Pacific MORB. Specifically, they define trends to relatively unradiogenic Pb isotope ratios, and most Emperor Seamount lavas define a steep trend of 176Hf/177Hf versus 143Nd/144Nd. In addition, lavas from Detroit Seamount and recent rejuvenated-stage lavas have relatively high Ba/Th, a characteristic of lavas associated with the Hawaiian hot spot. It is possible that a depleted component, intrinsic to the hot spot, has contributed to these young and old lavas related to the Hawaiian hot spot. The persistence of such a component over 80 Myr is consistent with a long-lived source, i.e., a plume.

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83 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Dynamics and internal structure of a lower mantle plume conduit

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Cinzia G. Farnetani¹, Albrecht W. Hofmann²•Institutions (2)

Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris¹, Max Planck Society²

30 May 2009-Earth and Planetary Science Letters

TL;DR: In this article, the authors conduct high-resolution numerical simulations of an axisymmetric purely thermal plume, focusing on the lower mantle part of the conduit and on the thermal boundary layer (TBL) feeding the plume.

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82 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

The role of lithospheric gabbros on the composition of Galapagos lavas

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Alberto E. Saal¹, Mark D. Kurz², Stanley R. Hart², Jerzy S. Blusztajn², Janne Blichert-Toft³, Yan Liang¹, Dennis Geist⁴ - Show less +3 more•Institutions (4)

Brown University¹, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution², École normale supérieure de Lyon³, University of Idaho⁴

30 May 2007-Earth and Planetary Science Letters

TL;DR: In this article, the Galapagos Archipelago can be divided into two very different volcanic areas, east and west of the 91° W fracture zone, and the authors find important differences in the trace element compositions between lavas from the two regions, and they argue that kinetic interaction of magmas with plagioclase-rich cumulates, previously formed either in the spreading center or beneath the leading edge of the plume on the western region, are responsible for the observed composition of erupted in the eastern region.

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79 citations