A LREE-depleted component in the Afar plume; further evidence from Quaternary Djibouti basalts

doi:10.1016/J.LITHOS.2009.09.008

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A LREE-depleted component in the Afar plume; further evidence from Quaternary Djibouti basalts

Journal Article•DOI•

A LREE-depleted component in the Afar plume; further evidence from Quaternary Djibouti basalts

Mohamed Ahmed Daoud¹, René C. Maury¹, Jean-Alix Barrat¹, Rex N. Taylor², Bernard Le Gall¹, Hervé Guillou³, Joseph Cotten¹, Joël Rolet¹ - Show less +4 more•Institutions (3)

European University of Brittany¹, University of Southampton², Centre national de la recherche scientifique³

01 Feb 2010-Lithos (Elsevier)-Vol. 114, Iss: 3, pp 327-336

TL;DR: In this paper, trace element and isotopic (Sr, Nd, Pb) data and unspiked K-Ar ages are presented for Quaternary (0.90-0.95 Ma old) basalts from the Hayyabley volcano, Djibouti.

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About: This article is published in Lithos.The article was published on 2010-02-01 and is currently open access. It has received 22 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Basalt & Trace element.

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Figures (8)

Table 3 Click here to download Table: Hayy_Table 3nb.doc

Table 1. Unspiked 40K-40Ar datings of Hayyabley basalts. See text for the analytical 1 procedures. 2 3

Table 4. Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic compositions of Hayyabley basalts (B: bulk rock; R: residue 1 after leaching). See text for the analytical procedures. Δ7/4 and Δ 8/4 denote the deviation (in 2 0/00) of

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Journal Article•DOI•

The size of plume heterogeneities constrained by Marquesas isotopic stripes

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Catherine Chauvel¹, René C. Maury², Sylvain Blais², Eric Lewin¹, Hervé Guillou¹, Gérard Guille, Philippe Rossi, Marc-André Gutscher² - Show less +4 more•Institutions (2)

Centre national de la recherche scientifique¹, European University of Brittany²

01 Jul 2012-Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present new Sr, Nd, Pb, Hf and Hf isotopes as well as trace element data on lavas from several Marquesas Islands and demonstrate that this archipelago consists of two adjacent and distinct rows of islands with significantly different isotopic compositions.

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Abstract: The scale and geometry of chemical and isotopic heterogeneities in the source of plumes have important scientific implications on the nature, composition and origin of plumes and on the dynamics of mantle mixing over time. Here, we address these issues through the study of Marquesas Islands, one of the Archipelagoes in Polynesia. We present new Sr, Nd, Pb, Hf isotopes as well as trace element data on lavas from several Marquesas Islands and demonstrate that this archipelago consists of two adjacent and distinct rows of islands with significantly different isotopic compositions. For the entire 5.5 Ma construction period, the northern islands, hereafter called the Ua Huka group, has had systematically higher 87Sr/86Sr and lower 206Pb/204Pb ratios than the southern Fatu Hiva group at any given 143Nd/144Nd value. The shape and curvature of mixing arrays preclude the ambient depleted MORB mantle as one of the mixing end-members. We believe therefore that the entire isotopic heterogeneity originates in the plume itself. We suggest that the two Marquesas isotopic stripes originate from partial melting of two adjacent filaments contained in small plumes or "plumelets" that came from a large dome structure located deep in the mantle under Polynesia. Low-degree partial melting under Marquesas and other "weak" Polynesian hot spot chains (Pitcairn-Gambier, Austral-Cook, Society) sample small areas of the dome and preserve source heterogeneities. In contrast, more productive hot spots build up large islands such as Big Island in Hawaii or Reunion Island, and the higher degrees of melting blur the isotopic variability of the plume source.

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62 citations

Cites background from "A LREE-depleted component in the Af..."

...…Thirlwall et al., 2004; Kokfelt et al., 2006], the Galapagos [White et al., 1993;Hoernle et al., 2000; Blichert-Toft and White, 2001; Saal et al., 2007], Afar [Furman et al., 2006; Beccaluva et al., 2009; Daoud et al., 2010] and Hawaii [Yang et al., 2003; Frey et al., 2005; Fekiacova et al., 2007]....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Young rift kinematics in the Tadjoura rift, western Gulf of Aden, Republic of Djibouti

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Mohamed Ahmed Daoud¹, Bernard Le Gall¹, René C. Maury¹, Joël Rolet¹, Philippe Huchon², Hervé Guillou³ - Show less +2 more•Institutions (3)

European University of Brittany¹, University of Paris², Centre national de la recherche scientifique³

01 Feb 2011-Tectonics

TL;DR: In this paper, the Tadjoura rift is interpreted as an asymmetrical south-facing half-gr aben, about 40 km wide, dominated by a large boundary fault zone to the north.

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Abstract: The Tadjoura rift forms the westernmost edge of the westerly-propagating Sheba ridge, between Arabia a nd Somalia, as it enters into the Afar depression. Fro m structural and remote sensing dataset, the Tadjou ra rift is interpreted as an asymmetrical south-facing half-gr aben, about 40 km-wide, dominated by a large boundary fault zone to the north. It is partially filled up by the 1-3 Ma-old Gulf Basalts which onlapped the older S omali Basalts along its shallower southern flexural margin. The m ajor and trace element analysis of 78 young onshore lavas allows us to distinguish and map four distinct basa ltic types, namely the Gulf, Somali, Goumarre and H ayyabley Basalts. These results, together with radiometric a ge data, lead us to propose a revised volcano-strat igraphic sketch of the two exposed Tadjoura rift margins, an d to discriminate and date several distinct fault n etworks of this oblique rift. Morphological and statistical an alyses of onshore extensional fault populations sho w marked changes in structural styles along-strike, in a dir ection parallel to the rift axis. These major fault disturbances are assigned to the arrest of axial fault tip propagati on against pre-existing discontinuities in the NS-o riented Arta transverse zone. According to our model, the sinist ral jump of rifting into the Asal-Ghoubbet rift seg ment results from structural inheritance, in contrast with the en echelon or transform mechanism of propagation that prevail ed along the entire length of the Gulf of Aden extensi onal system.

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46 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

The Cenozoic magmatism of East Africa: Part V – Magma sources and processes in the East African Rift

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Tyrone O. Rooney¹•Institutions (1)

Michigan State University¹

01 May 2020-Lithos

TL;DR: In this paper, the isotopic systematics of East African magmatism reveal significant complexity as to the specific reservoirs that may participate in the melting processes noted above, and the isotope characteristics of magma suites from throughout the region form arrays that broadly converge on the composition of the Afar Plume, despite some complexity where the plume material has formed a hybrid plume-lithosphere component.

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45 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

At the Age

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M. Hesselman

01 Jan 1982-Michigan Historical Review

43 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Palaeoproterozoic Continental MORB-type Tholeiites in the Karelian Craton: Petrology, Geochronology, and Tectonic Setting

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A. V. Stepanova, A. V. Samsonov, E. B. Sal’nikova, Igor S. Puchtel¹, Yu. O. Larionova, A. N. Larionov², V. S. Stepanov, Y. B. Shapovalov, S. V. Egorova - Show less +5 more•Institutions (2)

University of Maryland, College Park¹, Unitary enterprise²

01 Sep 2014-Journal of Petrology

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the results of U^Pb (zircon) and Sm^Nd internal isochron dating for MORB-type tholeiitic dikes in the Karelian Craton, eastern Fennoscandian Shield.

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Abstract: Major-element, lithophile trace element, and Sm^Nd and U^Pb zircon isotopic data are presented for Palaeoproterozoic mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB)-type tholeiitic dikes ranging in age from 2140 3 to 2126 5 Ma studied at six localities within three terranes in the Karelian Craton, eastern Fennoscandian Shield. All the studied dikes have remarkably uniform geochemical and isotope characteristics.They are tholeiitic basalts with low contents of large ion lithophile elements, high field strength elements, and rare earth elements (REE), nearly flat chondrite-normalized REE patterns [(La/Sm)n1⁄4 0·9^1·2, (Gd/Yb)n1⁄41·0^1·2], and positive Ti, Nb, and Zr anomalies in the primitive mantle-normalized diagrams. The dikes also show relatively uniform initial Nd isotope compositions, with eNd values ranging fromþ1·4 toþ3·0, despite the occurrence of these dikes within Archaean terranes with different crustal history. According to the results of U^Pb (zircon) and Sm^Nd internal isochron dating the crystallization age of the dikes is constrained to be c. 2·14 Ga. The studied MORB-type tholeiitic dikes are probably comagmatic with Palaeoproterozoic MORB-type basalts that have previously been recognized in the Karelian Craton, and might represent relicts of their magma feeder system.The uniformity of ages and geochemical and isotope characteristics of the MORB-type dikes and volcanic rocks suggest that they are probably related to a common magmatic event.This event was nearcontemporaneous with the eruption of high-Ti plume-related basalts and intrusion of dikes in the c. 2·1 Ga Jatulian continental flood basalt province. Geochemical modelling indicates that the chemical and isotopic compositions of the dikes are best explained by derivation of their parental magmas by partial melting of a uniformly depleted mantle source in the spinel peridotite stability field, followed by fractional crystallization and minor (56%) assimilation of continental crustal material. This suggests that magma-storage processes in upper crustal chambers were very short-lived; this could be the

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42 citations

Cites background from "A LREE-depleted component in the Af..."

...Analogues of the Karelian Palaeoproterozoic continental MORB-type tholeiities have been recognized in the North Atlantic and Afar continental flood basalt provinces, where depleted MORB-type tholeiitic basalts are shown to have formed simultaneously with high-Ti basalts (Barrat et al., 2003; Daoud et al., 2010; S ager & Holm, 2011;Waight & Baker, 2012)....
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..., 2012), and dikes (this study) compared with low-Ti tholeiites from the Faroe Islands (S ager & Holm, 2011), depleted basalts from Central East Greenland (Waight & Baker, 2012), LREE-depleted basalts from Central Afar (Barrat et al., 2003; Daoud et al., 2010), Kolbeinsey Ridge and Reykjanes Ridge basalts (PetDB), and global N-MORB (PetDB)....
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...MORB-type continental tholeiitic basalts are thought to have formed as a result of melting of depleted mantle components in mantle-plume source regions (Daoud et al., 2010; S ager & Holm, 2011; Waight & Baker, 2012)....
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..., 1990; Perttunen & Hanski, 2003); Fe^Ti basalts and low-Ti basalts, Faroe Islands (S ager & Holm, 2011); Fe^Ti basalts and depleted basalts, Central East Greenland (Waight & Baker, 2012); LREE-depleted basalts, Central Afar (Barrat et al., 2003; Daoud et al., 2010)....
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References

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Journal Article•DOI•

An Example of Island-Arc Petrogenesis: Geochemistry and Petrology of the Southern Luzon Arc, Philippines

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Marc J. Defant¹, René C. Maury², Edward M. Ripley³, Mark D. Feigenson⁴, Dario Jacques² - Show less +1 more•Institutions (4)

Sewanee: The University of the South¹, University of Western Brittany², Indiana University³, Rutgers University⁴

01 Jun 1991-Journal of Petrology

76 citations

"A LREE-depleted component in the Af..." refers background in this paper

...(see 91 Defant et al., 1991, for further analytical details)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Dating of Quaternary basalts using the cosmogenic 3He and 14C methods with implications for excess 40Ar

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A. William Laughlin¹, Jane Poths¹, Heather A. Healey¹, Steven L. Reneau¹, Giday WoldeGabriel¹ - Show less +1 more•Institutions (1)

Los Alamos National Laboratory¹

01 Feb 1994-Geology

TL;DR: In this paper, a cosmogenic date of 3 and 11 ka on basalt flows and associated scoria deposits from the Zuni-Bandera volcanic field in New Mexico further substantiates published production rates and latitudinal and altitudinal corrections for [sup 3]He.

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Abstract: Concordant radiocarbon and cosmogenic [sup 3]He dates of 3 and 11 ka on basalt flows and associated scoria deposits from the Zuni-Bandera volcanic field in New Mexico further substantiate published production rates and latitudinal and altitudinal corrections for [sup 3]He. Identical [sup 3]He concentrations in coexisting olivine and clinopyroxene confirm that these two minerals have very similar production rates. A cosmogenic [sup 3]He date of 57 ka on another flow is concordant with a U-series date and is younger than two K-Ar dates, suggesting that this flow contains excess [sup 40]Ar. This excess [sup 40]Ar is also evident in gases released by vacuum crushing of olivine-clinopyroxene fractions from all three flows. 27 refs., 3 figs., 3 tabs.

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76 citations

"A LREE-depleted component in the Af..." refers background in this paper

...This process improves the K 71 yield as well as the percentage of radiogenic argon, and removes at least some potential 72 sources of systematic error due to the presence of excess 40 Ar in olivine and feldspar 73 phenocrysts (Laughlin et al., 1994)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Dynamics of thermochemical plumes: 2. Complexity of plume structures and its implications for mapping mantle plumes

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S. Lin¹, S. Lin², Peter E. van Keken²•Institutions (2)

National Taiwan University¹, University of Michigan²

01 Mar 2006-Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems

TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore the structures of plumes originating from a thermochemical boundary layer at the base of the mantle in an attempt to complement fluid dynamical studies of purely thermal plumes.

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Abstract: The mantle plume hypothesis provides explanations for several major observations of surface volcanism. The dynamics of plumes with purely thermal origin has been well established, but our understanding of the role of compositional variations in the Earth's mantle on plume formation is still incomplete. In this study we explore the structures of plumes originating from a thermochemical boundary layer at the base of the mantle in an attempt to complement fluid dynamical studies of purely thermal plumes. Our numerical experiments reveal diverse characteristics of thermochemical plumes that frequently deviate from the classic features of plumes. In addition, owing to the interplay between the thermal and compositional buoyancy forces, the morphology, temperature, and flow fields in both the plume head and plume conduit are strongly time-dependent. The entrainment of the dense layer and secondary instabilities developed in the boundary layer contribute to lateral heterogeneities and enhance stirring processes in the plume head. Our models show that substantial topography of the compositional layer can develop simultaneously with the plumes. In addition, plumes may be present in the lower mantle for more than 70 million years. These features may contribute to the large low seismic velocity provinces beneath the south central Pacific, the southern Atlantic Ocean, and Africa. Our model results support the idea that the dynamics of mantle plumes is much more complicated than conventional thinking based on studies of purely thermal plumes. The widely used criteria for mapping mantle plumes, such as a vertically continuous low seismic velocity signature and strong surface topography swell, may not be universally applicable. We propose that the intrinsic density contrast of the distinct composition may reduce the associated topography of some large igneous provinces such as Ontong Java.

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75 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Hf isotope geochemistry of the Galapagos Islands

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Janne Blichert-Toft¹, William M. White², William M. White³•Institutions (3)

École normale supérieure de Lyon¹, University of Western Brittany², Cornell University³

01 Sep 2001-Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems

TL;DR: This article reported 176Hf/177Hf ratios determined by multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry on 49 basalts from the Galapagos Islands, indicating the plume is heterogeneous.

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Abstract: [1] We report 176Hf/177Hf ratios determined by multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry on 49 basalts from the Galapagos Islands. The ɛHf values range from about +8, a value typical of many oceanic island basalts, to about +15, a value typical of mid-ocean ridge basalt. The ɛHf shows the expected correlation with ɛNd and inverse correlations with Sr and Pb isotope ratios. The range of values and correlations observed is consistent with Galapagos mantle plume-asthenosphere mixing inferred from previous geochemical studies. While oceanic island basalt isotopic arrays suggest that multicomponent mixing is common in the sources of such basalts, the Galapagos is unusual in that depleted upper mantle appears to be a principal component. Thermal and dynamic interaction between the Galapagos mantle plume and the lithosphere and shallow asthenosphere is the most likely cause of mixing and of the geographic pattern of geochemical variation. The Galapagos Hf-Nd-Sr-Pb isotopic array diverges toward the “plume” end, indicating the plume is heterogeneous. This heterogeneity is geographic, with distinct northern, central, and southern components. The central component and, to a lesser degree, the northern component are compositionally similar to the “common component” of plumes (variously called PHEM, FOZO, and “C”), while the southern component is unique with relatively high ɛHf and 206Pb/204Pb compared to 87Sr/86Sr and ɛNd.

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74 citations

"A LREE-depleted component in the Af..." refers background in this paper

...Hf isotope geochemistry of the Galapagos Islands....
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...Petrology and geochemistry of the 778 Galapagos islands: portrait of a pathological mantle plume....
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...Assimilation of plagioclase-rich gabbros from the oceanic 330 lithosphere during ascent of plume-related magmas has been proposed in the cases of offshore 331 Tadjoura Gulf basalts (Barrat et al., 1993) and Galapagos basalts (Saal et al., 2007)....
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..., 2005); 51 (3) the Galapagos (White et al., 1993; Hoernle et al., 2000; Blichert-Toft and White, 2001; 52 Saal et al., 2007); and (4) the Kerguelen Archipelago (Doucet et al....
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...The role of lithospheric gabbros on the composition of Galapagos lavas....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Generation of the Pb isotopic characteristics of the Iceland plume

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Matthew F. Thirlwall¹•Institutions (1)

Royal Holloway, University of London¹

01 Nov 1995-Journal of the Geological Society

TL;DR: For example, this paper showed that the low 207 Pb/ 204 Pb relative to MORB and the Northern Hemisphere Reference Line is not consistent with these interpretations and suggest instead that few if any modern Icelandic lavas contain a MORB asthenosphere component.

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Abstract: Existing interpretations of the Pb isotopic compositions of recent basaltic lavas from Iceland and adjacent sectors of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge have regarded these as the products of mixing between a single Icelandic plume component and a depleted mantle component similar to that supplying mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) away from plume influences. 208 Pb- 207 Pb relationships are not consistent with these interpretations and suggest instead that few if any modern Icelandic lavas contain a MORB asthenosphere component. In particular, the low 207 Pb/ 204 Pb of north Iceland picrites relative to MORB and the Northern Hemisphere Reference Line is very difficult to explain by mixing of currently proposed mantle components. The offset of the Icelandic data array to lower 207 Pb/ 204 Pb than MORB on all Pb isotope diagrams might instead be viewed as the product of 206 Pb/ 204 Pb and 208 Pb/ 204 Pb increases, resulting from moderately high μ during the Phanerozoic, a HIMU character also indicated by K depletion in Iceland plume basalts. This mechanism can generate the Pb isotope compositions of most Icelandic basalts, but not those of Theistareykir picrites, the origin of which remains unclear.

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72 citations

"A LREE-depleted component in the Af..." refers result in this paper

...Alternatively, LREE 424 depletion could be due to a previous melting event affecting the plume materials, as proposed 425 by Thirlwall et al. (2004) for their ID2 (or RRD2) depleted component of the Icelandic plume....
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...The Ba, Sr and Eu positive anomalies in the Hayyabley basalts 304 305 The origin of Ba, Sr and Eu positive anomalies in LREE-depleted basalts has been 306 previously investigated in the cases of some Icelandic basalts (e.g., Kokfelt et al., 2006 and 307 references therein) and of the Manda Hararo basalts (Barrat et al., 2003)....
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...Chauvel and Hémond (2000), Skovgaard et al. (2001), and Kokfelt et al. (2006) 371 have suggested that the sources of Icelandic lavas contained an old recycled oceanic 372 lithosphere component and that melting of the gabbroic portion of this lithosphere led to the 373 formation of basalts that exhibit large positive Ba, Sr and Eu anomalies....
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...In addition, the Nb/Y and Zr/Y ratios (0.11-0.15 and 2.20-2.57, 245 respectively, Table 2) of Hayyabley basalts are such that these lavas plot within the field of 246 Icelandic plume basalts, and well above the N-MORB field, in Fitton et al.‟s (1997, 2003) 247 rectangular plot (not shown)....
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...Similar conclusions have been reached for the Hawaiian 418 (Frey et al., 2005) and Icelandic (Thirlwall, 1995; Kerr et al., 1995; Fitton et al., 1997; 419 Chauvel and Hémond, 2000; Thirlwall et al., 2004; Skovgaard et al., 2001; Kokfelt et al., 420 2006) plumes....
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