A LREE-depleted component in the Afar plume; further evidence from Quaternary Djibouti basalts

doi:10.1016/J.LITHOS.2009.09.008

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A LREE-depleted component in the Afar plume; further evidence from Quaternary Djibouti basalts

Journal Article•DOI•

A LREE-depleted component in the Afar plume; further evidence from Quaternary Djibouti basalts

Mohamed Ahmed Daoud¹, René C. Maury¹, Jean-Alix Barrat¹, Rex N. Taylor², Bernard Le Gall¹, Hervé Guillou³, Joseph Cotten¹, Joël Rolet¹ - Show less +4 more•Institutions (3)

European University of Brittany¹, University of Southampton², Centre national de la recherche scientifique³

01 Feb 2010-Lithos (Elsevier)-Vol. 114, Iss: 3, pp 327-336

TL;DR: In this paper, trace element and isotopic (Sr, Nd, Pb) data and unspiked K-Ar ages are presented for Quaternary (0.90-0.95 Ma old) basalts from the Hayyabley volcano, Djibouti.

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About: This article is published in Lithos.The article was published on 2010-02-01 and is currently open access. It has received 22 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Basalt & Trace element.

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Figures (8)

Table 3 Click here to download Table: Hayy_Table 3nb.doc

Table 1. Unspiked 40K-40Ar datings of Hayyabley basalts. See text for the analytical 1 procedures. 2 3

Table 4. Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic compositions of Hayyabley basalts (B: bulk rock; R: residue 1 after leaching). See text for the analytical procedures. Δ7/4 and Δ 8/4 denote the deviation (in 2 0/00) of

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Journal Article•DOI•

The size of plume heterogeneities constrained by Marquesas isotopic stripes

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Catherine Chauvel¹, René C. Maury², Sylvain Blais², Eric Lewin¹, Hervé Guillou¹, Gérard Guille, Philippe Rossi, Marc-André Gutscher² - Show less +4 more•Institutions (2)

Centre national de la recherche scientifique¹, European University of Brittany²

01 Jul 2012-Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present new Sr, Nd, Pb, Hf and Hf isotopes as well as trace element data on lavas from several Marquesas Islands and demonstrate that this archipelago consists of two adjacent and distinct rows of islands with significantly different isotopic compositions.

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Abstract: The scale and geometry of chemical and isotopic heterogeneities in the source of plumes have important scientific implications on the nature, composition and origin of plumes and on the dynamics of mantle mixing over time. Here, we address these issues through the study of Marquesas Islands, one of the Archipelagoes in Polynesia. We present new Sr, Nd, Pb, Hf isotopes as well as trace element data on lavas from several Marquesas Islands and demonstrate that this archipelago consists of two adjacent and distinct rows of islands with significantly different isotopic compositions. For the entire 5.5 Ma construction period, the northern islands, hereafter called the Ua Huka group, has had systematically higher 87Sr/86Sr and lower 206Pb/204Pb ratios than the southern Fatu Hiva group at any given 143Nd/144Nd value. The shape and curvature of mixing arrays preclude the ambient depleted MORB mantle as one of the mixing end-members. We believe therefore that the entire isotopic heterogeneity originates in the plume itself. We suggest that the two Marquesas isotopic stripes originate from partial melting of two adjacent filaments contained in small plumes or "plumelets" that came from a large dome structure located deep in the mantle under Polynesia. Low-degree partial melting under Marquesas and other "weak" Polynesian hot spot chains (Pitcairn-Gambier, Austral-Cook, Society) sample small areas of the dome and preserve source heterogeneities. In contrast, more productive hot spots build up large islands such as Big Island in Hawaii or Reunion Island, and the higher degrees of melting blur the isotopic variability of the plume source.

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62 citations

Cites background from "A LREE-depleted component in the Af..."

...…Thirlwall et al., 2004; Kokfelt et al., 2006], the Galapagos [White et al., 1993;Hoernle et al., 2000; Blichert-Toft and White, 2001; Saal et al., 2007], Afar [Furman et al., 2006; Beccaluva et al., 2009; Daoud et al., 2010] and Hawaii [Yang et al., 2003; Frey et al., 2005; Fekiacova et al., 2007]....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Young rift kinematics in the Tadjoura rift, western Gulf of Aden, Republic of Djibouti

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Mohamed Ahmed Daoud¹, Bernard Le Gall¹, René C. Maury¹, Joël Rolet¹, Philippe Huchon², Hervé Guillou³ - Show less +2 more•Institutions (3)

European University of Brittany¹, University of Paris², Centre national de la recherche scientifique³

01 Feb 2011-Tectonics

TL;DR: In this paper, the Tadjoura rift is interpreted as an asymmetrical south-facing half-gr aben, about 40 km wide, dominated by a large boundary fault zone to the north.

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Abstract: The Tadjoura rift forms the westernmost edge of the westerly-propagating Sheba ridge, between Arabia a nd Somalia, as it enters into the Afar depression. Fro m structural and remote sensing dataset, the Tadjou ra rift is interpreted as an asymmetrical south-facing half-gr aben, about 40 km-wide, dominated by a large boundary fault zone to the north. It is partially filled up by the 1-3 Ma-old Gulf Basalts which onlapped the older S omali Basalts along its shallower southern flexural margin. The m ajor and trace element analysis of 78 young onshore lavas allows us to distinguish and map four distinct basa ltic types, namely the Gulf, Somali, Goumarre and H ayyabley Basalts. These results, together with radiometric a ge data, lead us to propose a revised volcano-strat igraphic sketch of the two exposed Tadjoura rift margins, an d to discriminate and date several distinct fault n etworks of this oblique rift. Morphological and statistical an alyses of onshore extensional fault populations sho w marked changes in structural styles along-strike, in a dir ection parallel to the rift axis. These major fault disturbances are assigned to the arrest of axial fault tip propagati on against pre-existing discontinuities in the NS-o riented Arta transverse zone. According to our model, the sinist ral jump of rifting into the Asal-Ghoubbet rift seg ment results from structural inheritance, in contrast with the en echelon or transform mechanism of propagation that prevail ed along the entire length of the Gulf of Aden extensi onal system.

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46 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

The Cenozoic magmatism of East Africa: Part V – Magma sources and processes in the East African Rift

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Tyrone O. Rooney¹•Institutions (1)

Michigan State University¹

01 May 2020-Lithos

TL;DR: In this paper, the isotopic systematics of East African magmatism reveal significant complexity as to the specific reservoirs that may participate in the melting processes noted above, and the isotope characteristics of magma suites from throughout the region form arrays that broadly converge on the composition of the Afar Plume, despite some complexity where the plume material has formed a hybrid plume-lithosphere component.

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45 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

At the Age

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M. Hesselman

01 Jan 1982-Michigan Historical Review

43 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Palaeoproterozoic Continental MORB-type Tholeiites in the Karelian Craton: Petrology, Geochronology, and Tectonic Setting

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A. V. Stepanova, A. V. Samsonov, E. B. Sal’nikova, Igor S. Puchtel¹, Yu. O. Larionova, A. N. Larionov², V. S. Stepanov, Y. B. Shapovalov, S. V. Egorova - Show less +5 more•Institutions (2)

University of Maryland, College Park¹, Unitary enterprise²

01 Sep 2014-Journal of Petrology

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the results of U^Pb (zircon) and Sm^Nd internal isochron dating for MORB-type tholeiitic dikes in the Karelian Craton, eastern Fennoscandian Shield.

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Abstract: Major-element, lithophile trace element, and Sm^Nd and U^Pb zircon isotopic data are presented for Palaeoproterozoic mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB)-type tholeiitic dikes ranging in age from 2140 3 to 2126 5 Ma studied at six localities within three terranes in the Karelian Craton, eastern Fennoscandian Shield. All the studied dikes have remarkably uniform geochemical and isotope characteristics.They are tholeiitic basalts with low contents of large ion lithophile elements, high field strength elements, and rare earth elements (REE), nearly flat chondrite-normalized REE patterns [(La/Sm)n1⁄4 0·9^1·2, (Gd/Yb)n1⁄41·0^1·2], and positive Ti, Nb, and Zr anomalies in the primitive mantle-normalized diagrams. The dikes also show relatively uniform initial Nd isotope compositions, with eNd values ranging fromþ1·4 toþ3·0, despite the occurrence of these dikes within Archaean terranes with different crustal history. According to the results of U^Pb (zircon) and Sm^Nd internal isochron dating the crystallization age of the dikes is constrained to be c. 2·14 Ga. The studied MORB-type tholeiitic dikes are probably comagmatic with Palaeoproterozoic MORB-type basalts that have previously been recognized in the Karelian Craton, and might represent relicts of their magma feeder system.The uniformity of ages and geochemical and isotope characteristics of the MORB-type dikes and volcanic rocks suggest that they are probably related to a common magmatic event.This event was nearcontemporaneous with the eruption of high-Ti plume-related basalts and intrusion of dikes in the c. 2·1 Ga Jatulian continental flood basalt province. Geochemical modelling indicates that the chemical and isotopic compositions of the dikes are best explained by derivation of their parental magmas by partial melting of a uniformly depleted mantle source in the spinel peridotite stability field, followed by fractional crystallization and minor (56%) assimilation of continental crustal material. This suggests that magma-storage processes in upper crustal chambers were very short-lived; this could be the

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42 citations

Cites background from "A LREE-depleted component in the Af..."

...Analogues of the Karelian Palaeoproterozoic continental MORB-type tholeiities have been recognized in the North Atlantic and Afar continental flood basalt provinces, where depleted MORB-type tholeiitic basalts are shown to have formed simultaneously with high-Ti basalts (Barrat et al., 2003; Daoud et al., 2010; S ager & Holm, 2011;Waight & Baker, 2012)....
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..., 2012), and dikes (this study) compared with low-Ti tholeiites from the Faroe Islands (S ager & Holm, 2011), depleted basalts from Central East Greenland (Waight & Baker, 2012), LREE-depleted basalts from Central Afar (Barrat et al., 2003; Daoud et al., 2010), Kolbeinsey Ridge and Reykjanes Ridge basalts (PetDB), and global N-MORB (PetDB)....
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...MORB-type continental tholeiitic basalts are thought to have formed as a result of melting of depleted mantle components in mantle-plume source regions (Daoud et al., 2010; S ager & Holm, 2011; Waight & Baker, 2012)....
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..., 1990; Perttunen & Hanski, 2003); Fe^Ti basalts and low-Ti basalts, Faroe Islands (S ager & Holm, 2011); Fe^Ti basalts and depleted basalts, Central East Greenland (Waight & Baker, 2012); LREE-depleted basalts, Central Afar (Barrat et al., 2003; Daoud et al., 2010)....
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References

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Journal Article•DOI•

Magmatism during extension of the lithosphere: geochemical constraints from lavas of the Shaban Deep, northern Red Sea

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Karsten M. Haase¹, Richard Mühe², Peter Stoffers²•Institutions (2)

Max Planck Society¹, University of Kiel²

22 May 2000-Chemical Geology

TL;DR: In this paper, geochemical and isotopic data of tholeiitic lavas from the northernmost volcanic deep, the Shaban Deep in the Red Sea rift suggest the presence of small-scale heterogeneities in the mantle underneath this part of the rift.

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69 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Rate of strike-slip motion on the Amanos Fault (Karasu Valley, southern Turkey) constrained by K–Ar dating and geochemical analysis of Quaternary basalts

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Sema Yurtmen¹, Hervé Guillou², Rob Westaway³, George Rowbotham⁴, Orhan Tatar⁵ - Show less +1 more•Institutions (5)

Çukurova University¹, Centre national de la recherche scientifique², Durham University³, Keele University⁴, Cumhuriyet University⁵

28 Feb 2002-Tectonophysics

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the Cassignol K-Ar method to date nine Quaternary basalt samples from the vicinity of the southern part of the Amanos Fault.

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68 citations

"A LREE-depleted component in the Af..." refers methods in this paper

...Ar analyses were performed using the procedures detailed 74 in Yurtmen et al. (2002) and Guillou et al. (2004)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Quaternary volcanic activity of the southern Red Sea: new data and assessment of models on magma sources and Afar plume-lithosphere interaction

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Frank Volker¹, Frank Volker², Rainer Altherr², Klaus Peter Jochum³, Malcolm T. McCulloch¹ - Show less +1 more•Institutions (3)

Australian National University¹, Heidelberg University², Max Planck Society³

15 Sep 1997-Tectonophysics

TL;DR: Schilling et al. as mentioned in this paper reported chemical compositions and SrNdPb isotopic ratios for Quaternary alkaline volcanic rocks from the southern Red Sea and adjacent regions.

...read moreread less

68 citations

"A LREE-depleted component in the Af..." refers background in this paper

...…South Red Sea occurrences, which include 818 oceanic ridge segments, Ramad seamount and Zubair and Hanish islands (Barrat et al., 1990, 819 1993; Volker et al., 1993, 1997), (2) submarine basalts from the East of the Gulf of Tadjoura 820 and the Aden Gulf (Barrat et al., 1990, 1993; Schilling…...
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Journal Article•DOI•

Magma genesis in an ongoing rifting zone: The Tadjoura Gulf (Afar area)

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Jean-Alix Barrat¹, Bor-ming Jahn¹, Serge Fourcade¹, J. L. Joron•Institutions (1)

University of Rennes¹

01 May 1993-Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

TL;DR: In this paper, the Tadjoura Gulf basalts were analyzed for chemical and isotopic (Sr, Nd, O) compositions in order to understand processes of magma genesis in relation to the active rifting in this region.

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59 citations

"A LREE-depleted component in the Af..." refers background or methods in this paper

...Although a positive Sr anomaly has been observed in a single 243 LREE-depleted basalt, positive Ba and Eu anomalies are missing (Barrat et al., 1990, 1993 244 and unpublished results)....
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...For example, 241 basalts with N to T-MORB affinities are known from the eastern part of the Tadjoura Gulf 242 (Barrat et al., 1990, 1993)....
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...Compositions of LREE-depleted basalts from Hayyabley (average of the samples 1 analysed by ICP-MS), Manda Hararo (average data from Barrat et al., 2003), Ethiopian 2 Plateau (sample E88, Pik et al., 1999), and of a N-MORB from Tadjoura Gulf (sample A3D3, 3 Joron et al., 1980; Barrat et al., 1993)....
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...In the case of basalts emitted by 387 the young oceanic ridges from the Red Sea or the Aden Gulf, major involvement of MORB-388 related sources has been proposed (e.g., Barrat et al., 1990, 1993; Schilling et al., 1992; 389 Volker et al., 1993)....
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...…of LREE-depleted basalts from Hayyabley (average of the samples 846 analysed by ICP-MS), Manda Hararo (average data from Barrat et al., 2003), Ethiopian 847 Plateau (sample E88, Pik et al., 1999), and of a N-MORB from Tadjoura Gulf (sample A3D3, 848 Joron et al., 1980; Barrat et al., 1993)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

New constraints on crustal structure in eastern Afar from the analysis of receiver functions and surface wave dispersion in Djibouti

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Mulugeta T. Dugda¹, Andrew A. Nyblade¹•Institutions (1)

Pennsylvania State University¹

01 Jan 2006-Geological Society, London, Special Publications

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the crustal structure of the GEOSCOPE station ATD in Djibouti using H-κ stacking of receiver functions and a joint inversion of receiver function and surface wave group velocities.

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Abstract: Abstract Crustal structure beneath the GEOSCOPE station ATD in Djibouti has been investigated using H-κ stacking of receiver functions and a joint inversion of receiver functions and surface wave group velocities. We obtain consistent results from the two methods. The crust is characterized by a Moho depth of 23 ± 1.5 km, a Poisson’s ratio of 0.31 ± 0.02, and a mean Vp of c. 6.2 km s−1 but c. 6.9–7.0 km s−1 below a 2–5 km-thick low-velocity layer at the surface. Some previous studies of crustal structure for Djibouti placed the Moho at 8 to 10 km depth, and we attribute this difference to how the Moho is defined (an increase of Vp to 7.4 km s−1 in this study vs. 6.9 km s−1 in previous studies). The crustal structure we obtained for ATD is similar to crustal structure in many other parts of central and eastern Afar. The high Poisson’s ratio and Vp throughout most of the crust indicate a mafic composition and are not consistent with models invoking crustal formation by stretching of pre-existing Precambrian crust. Instead, we suggest that the crust in Afar consists predominantly of new igneous rock emplaced during the late syn-rift stage where extension is accommodated within magmatic segments by dyking. Sill formation and underplating probably accompany the dyking to produce the new and largely mafic crust.

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51 citations

"A LREE-depleted component in the Af..." refers background in this paper

...the Hayyabley and Manda Hararo basalts overlie thinned continental crust which is 25-26 km 335 thick (Dugda and Nyblade, 2006), while the depleted plateau basalt sample E88 (Pik et al....
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...In addition, 334 the Hayyabley and Manda Hararo basalts overlie thinned continental crust which is 25-26 km 335 thick (Dugda and Nyblade, 2006), while the depleted plateau basalt sample E88 (Pik et al., 336 1999) is located on normal (ca. 40 km thick) African crust....
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