A machine-mind architecture and Z*-numbers for real-world comprehension
01 Jan 2016-pp 805-842
About: The article was published on 2016-01-01. It has received 5 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Comprehension & Architecture.
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TL;DR: This article presents a model for the endogenous arousal of thoughts during empathetic, bespoke comprehension of the real-world, based on Minsky's Society of Mind, and aims to contribute to the development of autonomous artificial systems for man-machine symbiosis.
Abstract: Natural language provides a rich combinatorial mechanism for encoding meanings - a finite set of words can express an unbounded number of thoughts. Framed in 2015 to extend the purpose of Zadeh's Z-numbers, a Z*-number is a perceptual symbol of the meaning of a natural language expression and consequently mentalese or internal speech. This article, through decomposition of the Z*-macro-parameters into its atomic constituents, presents a model for the endogenous arousal of thoughts during empathetic, bespoke comprehension of the real-world. Based on Minsky's Society of Mind, the framework is founded on the assimilation of multimodal experiences, a sense of unified self and its derivatives (choice, interest, curiosity, etc.), objective and subjective components of knowledge, commonsense, and attention dynamics over a real-world scenario. The model attempts emulation of slow and fast thinking, instinctive reactions, learning, deliberation, reflection and self-conscious decisions. The design has been validated against human responses, and aims to contribute to the development of autonomous artificial systems for man-machine symbiosis.
23 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper , the authors proposed a new golden rule representative value for fuzzy numbers, and then, applied it to the ranking of the Z-number, which greatly retains the original information of the z-number and can overcome the shortcomings of the existing methods.
Abstract: Real-world decision-making is based on human cognitive information, which is characterized by fuzziness and partial reliability. In order to better describe such information, Zadeh proposed the concept of Z-number. Ranking the Z-number is an indispensable step in solving the decision-making problem under the Z-number-based information. Golden rule representative value is a new concept introduced by Yager to rank interval values. This article expands it and proposes a new golden rule representative value for fuzzy numbers, and then, apply it to the ranking of the Z-number. Some new rules involving the centroid and fuzziness of fuzzy numbers are constructed to capture the preference of decision-makers. The Takagi–Sugeno–Kang fuzzy model is used to implement these rules. The obtained Rep function is used to construct a new golden rule representative value fuzzy subset of the Z-number and associate this new fuzzy subset with a scalar value. This fuzzy subset not only implies the fuzzy aspect of the Z-number but also contains the information in the hidden probability distribution. The scalar value is regarded as the golden rule representative value of the Z-number to participate in the ranking. The proposed method greatly retains the original information of the Z-number and can overcome the shortcomings of the existing methods. Some numerical examples are used to describe the specific process of the proposed method. The comparative analysis and discussion with existing methods clarify the advantages of the proposed method.
6 citations
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TL;DR: This article describes the efforts towards the realization of such a machine – an embodied machine-mind – endowed with abilities of multisensory processing, commonsense reasoning, reflection, consciousness, and empathy.
Abstract: A generally intelligent cognitive machine is deliberative, reflective, adaptive, empathetic and rational; continually aiming for the best responses to complex real-world events. This article describes our efforts towards the realization of such a machine – an embodied machine-mind – endowed with abilities of multisensory processing, commonsense reasoning, reflection, consciousness, and empathy. A procedure for contemplation and comprehension by the machine-mind has been formalized. It uses: a) Z*-numbers for active-thought abstraction, b) multisensory data-structures to encapsulate objective and subjective real-time inputs, and transport these across framework-modules, and c) dynamic action-descriptor formulations for bespoke behavior, perception, and real-time attention modulation. The defined procedure acknowledges the machine-mind's interest in the subject being comprehended, and covers different levels of thinking (instinctive reactions to self-consciousness reasoning). This investigation contributes to the synthesis of ‘thinking machines’ for man-machine symbiosis.
4 citations
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TL;DR: This work attempts formalization of data-structures to facilitate generation of system-bespoke comprehension-granules of the real-world, and target contribution to the design of generally intelligent man–machine symbiotic systems.
Abstract: The real-world is a medley of multisensory information and so are our experiences, memories, and responses. As embodied beings, we respond to the information endogenously and in ways derived from self-defining factors. Thus inspired, we attempt formalization of data-structures to facilitate generation of system-bespoke comprehension-granules of the real-world. The conceptualized structures encapsulate multisensory inputs (sourced from the real-world or memories), intrinsic and deliberate emotions, messages (bearing intermittent process-results, queries, multimodal data, etc.) across system modules and memory units, and sensorimotor responses to the inputs. The structural-schematics are anthropomorphic. These variable-length constructs are theoretically platform-independent, support genericity across data-modality and information-inclusion, and provide for representation of novel sensory-data. An epigenome-styled header node for the afferent data-units provides for the activation of intuitive “fight-flight” behavior. The documentation includes a flow-graph, depicting the translation of information across the data-structures and the different ways of thinking while interpreting a real-world scene or a mind-generated event. Applicability of the structures has been analyzed in the context of comprehension in an embodied mind-machine framework and other similar architectures. Studies herein target contribution to the design of generally intelligent man–machine symbiotic systems.
2 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a Z-relation equation is formulated and some results on its solvability are given, which are a basis of solving decision problems starting from multicriteria evaluation till final ranking of alternatives.
Abstract: Fuzzy relations were a main tool of fuzzy set theory in decision making, control and other fields. However, partial reliability of decision-relevant information is missed in these approaches. To deal with fuzziness and partial reliability of information, Zadeh introduced the concept of Z-number. The purpose of research presented in this paper is to develop an approach to decision making under Z-number-valued information. We introduce a definition of Z-number-valued relation (Z-relation) and some operations. The reason is to use Z-relations for evaluation of alternatives w.r.t. multiple criteria under imperfect information provided by a decision maker. In view of this, a Z-relation equation is formulated and some results on its solvability are given. These results are a basis of solving decision problems starting from multicriteria evaluation till final ranking of alternatives. The major conclusion is that this approach allows to deal with fusion of fuzzy and probabilistic information at a feasible level of computational complexity. The main limitation of the approach is difficulty of identification of a Z-relation. No expert knowledge (as it requires intensive involvement of experts) or data-driven information (when data quality is low) may exist. At the same time, computational complexity will grow with the high increase of a number of alternatives. A numerical example on decision making for project selection is considered to illustrate applicability of the study.
1 citations
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