A Modified Active Power Control Scheme for Enhanced Operation of PMSG-Based WGs
TL;DR: Extensive analytical simulation has been carried out in PSCAD/ EMTDC to validate the superiority of proposed control scheme over the conventional schemes when WG is subjected to various grid disturbances.
Abstract: This paper emphasizes the development of a simplified active power control scheme for enhanced operation of grid integrated permanent magnet synchronous generator based wind-driven generators (WGs). An active power reference generation scheme is proposed for the machine side converter (MSC) to inject active power into the grid even under grid disturbances, without violating system components rating. In this scheme, the controller employed for MSC adjusts the active power captured proportionate to the drop in the grid voltage upon considering wind speed and rotor speed. Furthermore, unlike dual vector control scheme, the grid side converter controller is implemented in a positive synchronous frame with the proposed current oscillation cancellation scheme to suppress the oscillations in dc-link voltage, active and reactive power of the grid and to obtain symmetrical sinusoidal grid current. Extensive analytical simulation has been carried out in PSCAD/ EMTDC to validate the superiority of proposed control scheme over the conventional schemes when WG is subjected to various grid disturbances. The reduced percentage of oscillation in the system parameters such as dc-link voltage and grid active power confirms the efficacy of the proposed method when compared with the conventional control techniques.
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TL;DR: An optimum design of Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy logic controllers (TS-FLCs) is presented to enhance capability of fault ride-through (FRT) and the maximal power point tracking (MPPT) of the grid-tied wind farms.
Abstract: This article presents an optimum design of Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy logic controllers (TS-FLCs) to enhance capability of fault ride-through (FRT) and the maximal power point tracking (MPPT) of the grid-tied wind farms. To obtain the optimum TS-FLCs, salp-swarm-algorithm (SSA) applied to minimize the sum of integral squared-error (ISE) function, where the variables of the cost function are the factors of Gaussian membership functions and the control rules of eight TS-FLCs. After that, the optimized TS-FLCs are applied to control the grid-tied variable-speed wind generator system, which is simulated using PSCAD/EMTDC. Thus, the transient and dynamic responses revealed that the optimum TS-FLCs have better stability margins than the optimum proportional-integral (PI) controllers. Furthermore, a realistic variable wind speed measured data are implemented to test the robustness of the MPPT based on the optimal TS-FLCs to extract more power than the MPPT based on optimal PI controllers.
42 citations
TL;DR: A new topology comprising of wind-turbine-driven synchronous generator and solar photovoltaic array for renewable energy harvesting is proposed and the power sharing scheme proves to be effective.
Abstract: A new topology comprising of wind-turbine-driven synchronous generator (SG) and solar photovoltaic (PV) array for renewable energy harvesting is proposed in this paper. The stochastic inputs for the proposed system are agitated using nonlinear time-dependent parameters such as varying wind speed and changing solar insolation. The speed variations are absorbed using back-to-back interfaced power electronic converters (PECs), namely, SG side converter (SGC) and utility grid side converter (UGC) with a common dc link where a solar PV array is tied directly. The power injection into the utility grid is leveled by the optimal utilization of the PECs. The SGC uses vector control (VC) for speed control of the SG and maintains unity power factor (UPF) at stator terminals. UGC acquires its switching pulses with proper application of least mean mixed-norm (LMMN) control technique. The new application of LMMN control scheme is used for the compensation of harmonics and for the extraction of fundamental load component. The dc-link voltage is regulated using a proportional integral controller. A prototype is developed and tested under different conditions of sudden changes in load, wind-velocity variations, and varying solar PV insolation. The power sharing scheme proves to be effective. The power quality issues are also addressed and mitigated effectively. The performance is exhibited for the validation of the proposed system and its control.
34 citations
Cites methods from "A Modified Active Power Control Sch..."
...[5] proposed an active power reference generation method for wind systems injecting the active power into the grid, nullifying the effects of grid disturbances....
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01 Apr 2020
TL;DR: The proposed algorithms for machine-side converter are used to get the optimum power generated and Braking chopper (BC) was chosen as a solution for achieving the fault ride-through (FRT) capability for PMSG.
Abstract: Quick transient and smooth stable-state output of permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSGs) is crucial for sustained power generation and grid code fulfillment specifically the fault ride-through (FRT) capability. Optimization techniques such as gray wolf optimizer (GWO), particle swarm optimizer (PSO) and whale optimizer algorithm (WOA) are proposed to realize a fast transient response and smooth operation of the PMSG. The proposed algorithms for machine-side converter are used to get the optimum power generated. Braking chopper (BC) was chosen as a solution for achieving the FRT for PMSG. The studied cases are the three-step wind speed change and symmetrical fault contingencies. In the first case, PSO gives better performance compared with conventional proportional integral, while in the second case, GWO and WOA give a better performance than PSO. GWO delivers the best output in the case of symmetrical fault compared to the WOA. MATLAB/Simulink environment is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed GWO technique including BC for improving the PMSG dynamic performance.
24 citations
Cites methods from "A Modified Active Power Control Sch..."
...The park has been transformed from dq to abc to get V*a, V*b and V*c; then, the SPWM takes the decision for switching states....
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...The two-level converter has been preferred to use because it is a simple structure and easy to control through space pulse width modulation (SPWM) [12, 13]....
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...Equations (17), (18) are used for implementation d–q stator voltage components of MSC [9, 10, 13]....
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TL;DR: A comprehensive review of grid-forming inverters for power system applications is presented in this article , where a comparison between gridforming and grid-following inverters is conducted in terms of their functionalities to highlight the potential of gridforming inverter technologies in support of power system stability and resilience.
Abstract: The penetration of distributed energy resources in electrical grids has been steadily increasing in an effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Inverters, as interfaces between distributed energy resources and grids, have become critical assets in modern power systems. In recent years, the development and application of grid-forming inverters have gained significant traction due to their capability of supporting power grid operations. A comprehensive review of grid-forming inverters is presented for power system applications. A comparison between grid-forming inverters and grid-following inverters is conducted in terms of their functionalities to highlight the potential of grid-forming inverter technologies in support of power system stability and resiliency. In addition, advanced control strategies integrated into grid-forming inverters under various operation conditions are presented through reviewing the innovations introduced in recent literature and in industrial applications. This paper is intended to provide an updated reference regarding grid-forming inverters for power system applications to researchers and practitioners in the field of power electronics.
24 citations
References
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Book•
01 Oct 1999
TL;DR: This is the first book to offer in-depth analysis of voltage sags and interruptions and to show how to apply mathematical techniques for practical solutions to these disturbances.
Abstract: "Power quality problems have increasingly become a substantial concern over the last decade, but surprisingly few analytical techniques have been developed to overcome these disturbances in system-equipment interactions. Now in this comprehensive book, power engineers and students can find the theoretical background necessary for understanding how to analyze, predict, and mitigate the two most severe power disturbances: voltage sags and interruptions.This is the first book to offer in-depth analysis of voltage sags and interruptions and to show how to apply mathematical techniques for practical solutions to these disturbances. From UNDERSTANDING AND SOLVING POWER QUALITY PROBLEMS you will gain important insights intoVarious types of power quality phenomena and power quality standardsCurrent methods for power system reliability evaluationOrigins of voltage sags and interruptionsEssential analysis of voltage sags for characterization and prediction of equipment behavior and stochastic predictionMitigation methods against voltage sags and interruptions"Sponsored by:IEEE Power Electronics Society, IEEE Industry Applications Society, IEEE Power Engineering Society.
2,052 citations
"A Modified Active Power Control Sch..." refers background in this paper
...Since voltage sag due to short-circuit fault is associated with phase-angle jump [19], it is necessary to consider the phaseangle jump along with the magnitude of voltage sag to meet the broad range of FRT requirements....
[...]
TL;DR: In this article, the operation and control of a variable-speed wind generator is described, which is connected to the power network by means of a fully controlled frequency converter, which consists of a pulsewidth modulation (PWM) rectifier, an intermediate dc circuit, and a PWM inverter.
Abstract: Wind energy is a prominent area of application of variable-speed generators operating on the constant grid frequency. This paper describes the operation and control of one of these variable-speed wind generators: the direct driven permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). This generator is connected to the power network by means of a fully controlled frequency converter, which consists of a pulsewidth-modulation (PWM) rectifier, an intermediate dc circuit, and a PWM inverter. The generator is controlled to obtain maximum power from the incident wind with maximum efficiency under different load conditions. Vector control of the grid-side inverter allows power factor regulation of the windmill. This paper shows the dynamic performance of the complete system. Different experimental tests in a 3-kW prototype have been carried out to verify the benefits of the proposed system.
1,298 citations
"A Modified Active Power Control Sch..." refers background in this paper
...Permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) based WGs are becoming more promising in the ease of accomplishing FRT due to its complete decoupling from the grid through power converters employed for interfacing and power control [1]–[3]....
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TL;DR: The DFIG1G seems the most attractive in terms of energy yield divided by cost, but the DDPMG has the highest energy yield, but although it is cheaper than the DDSG, it is more expensive than the generator systems with gearbox.
Abstract: The objective of this paper is to compare five different generator systems for wind turbines, namely the doubly-fed induction generator with three-stage gearbox (DFIG3G), the direct-drive synchronous generator with electrical excitation (DDSG), the direct-drive permanent-megnet generator (DDPMG), the permanent-magnet generator with single stage gearbox (PMG1G), and the doubly-fed induction generator with single-stage gearbox (DFIG1G). The comparison is based on cost and annual energy yield for a given wind climate. The DFIG3G is a cheap solution using standard components. The DFIG1G seems the most attractive in terms of energy yield divided by cost. The DDPMG has the highest energy yield, but although it is cheaper than the DDSG, it is more expensive than the generator systems with gearbox
1,087 citations
"A Modified Active Power Control Sch..." refers background in this paper
...Permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) based WGs are becoming more promising in the ease of accomplishing FRT due to its complete decoupling from the grid through power converters employed for interfacing and power control [1]–[3]....
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01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the theoretical background necessary for understanding how to analyze, predict, and mitigate the two most severe power disturbances: voltage sags and interruptions, and show how to apply mathematical techniques for practical solutions to these disturbances.
Abstract: "Power quality problems have increasingly become a substantial concern over the last decade, but surprisingly few analytical techniques have been developed to overcome these disturbances in system-equipment interactions. Now in this comprehensive book, power engineers and students can find the theoretical background necessary for understanding how to analyze, predict, and mitigate the two most severe power disturbances: voltage sags and interruptions.This is the first book to offer in-depth analysis of voltage sags and interruptions and to show how to apply mathematical techniques for practical solutions to these disturbances. From UNDERSTANDING AND SOLVING POWER QUALITY PROBLEMS you will gain important insights intoVarious types of power quality phenomena and power quality standardsCurrent methods for power system reliability evaluationOrigins of voltage sags and interruptionsEssential analysis of voltage sags for characterization and prediction of equipment behavior and stochastic predictionMitigation methods against voltage sags and interruptions"Sponsored by:IEEE Power Electronics Society, IEEE Industry Applications Society, IEEE Power Engineering Society.
405 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a new operational strategy for a small scale wind farm which is composed of both fixed and variable speed wind turbine generator systems (WTGS) is presented, where series or parallel connected fixed-speed WTGSs are installed with variable-speed wind turbine driven permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSG).
Abstract: This paper presents a new operational strategy for a small scale wind farm which is composed of both fixed and variable speed wind turbine generator systems (WTGS). Fixed speed wind generators suffer greatly from meeting the requirements of new wind farm grid code, because they are largely dependent on reactive power. Integration of flexible ac transmission systems (FACTS) devices is a solution to overcome that problem, though it definitely increases the overall cost. Therefore, in this paper, we focuses on a new wind farm topology, where series or parallel connected fixed speed WTGSs are installed with variable speed wind turbine (VSWT) driven permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSG). VSWT-PMSG uses a fully controlled frequency converter for grid interfacing and it has abilities to control its reactive power as well as to provide maximum power to the grid. Suitable control strategy is developed in this paper for the multilevel frequency converter of VSWT-PMSG. A real grid code defined in the power system is considered to analyze the low voltage ride through (LVRT) characteristic of both fixed and variable speed WTGSs. Moreover, dynamic performance of the system is also evaluated using real wind speed data. Simulation results clearly show that the proposed topology can be a cost effective solution to augment the LVRT requirement as well as to minimize voltage fluctuation of both fixed and variable speed WTGSs.
389 citations
"A Modified Active Power Control Sch..." refers background in this paper
...A similar active power scheme is discussed in [9] with direct power control on MSC....
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