A Morphable Ionic Electrode Based on Thermogel for Non-Invasive Hairy Plant Electrophysiology.
TL;DR: In this paper, a morphable ionic electrode based on a thermogel was used for hairy plant electrophysiology, which gradually transforms from a viscous liquid to a viscoelastic gel, which enables the morphable electrode to lock into the abrupt hairy surface irregularities and establish a conformal and adhesive interface.
Abstract: Plant electrophysiology lays the foundation for smart plant interrogation and intervention. However, plant trichomes with hair-like morphologies present topographical features that challenge stable and high-fidelity non-invasive electrophysiology, due to the inadequate dynamic shape adaptability of conventional electrodes. Here, this issue is overcome using a morphable ionic electrode based on a thermogel, which gradually transforms from a viscous liquid to a viscoelastic gel. This transformation enables the morphable electrode to lock into the abrupt hairy surface irregularities and establish a conformal and adhesive interface. It achieves down to one tenth of the impedance and 4-5 times the adhesive strengths of conventional hydrogel electrodes on hairy leaves. As a result of the improved electrical and mechanical robustness, the morphable electrode can record more than one order of magnitude higher signal-to-noise ratio on hairy plants and maintains high-fidelity recording despite plant movements, achieving superior performance to conventional hydrogel electrodes. The reported morphable electrode is a promising tool for hairy plant electrophysiology and may be applied to diversely textured plants for advanced sensing and modulation.
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TL;DR: In this paper , a shrinkage-assisted patterning by evaporation (SHAPE) method was proposed to fabricate auto-detachable, freestanding, and patternable electrodes.
Abstract: Flexible electrodes that are multilayer, multimaterial, and conformal are pivotal for multifunctional wearable electronics. Traditional electronic circuits manufacturing requires substrate‐supported transfer printing, which limits their multilayer integrity and device conformability on arbitrary surfaces. Herein, a “shrinkage‐assisted patterning by evaporation” (SHAPE) method is reported, by employing evaporation‐induced interfacial strain mismatch, to fabricate auto‐detachable, freestanding, and patternable electrodes. The SHAPE method utilizes vacuum‐filtration of polyaniline/bacterial cellulose (PANI/BC) ink through a masked filtration membrane to print high‐resolution, patterned, and multilayer electrodes. The strong interlayer hydrogen bonding ensures robust multilayer integrity, while the controllable evaporative shrinking property of PANI/BC induces mismatch between the strains of the electrode and filtration membrane at the interface and thus autodetachment of electrodes. Notably, a 500‐layer substrateless micro‐supercapacitor fabricated using the SHAPE method exhibits an energy density of 350 mWh cm−2 at a power density of 40 mW cm−2, 100 times higher than reported substrate‐confined counterparts. Moreover, a digital circuit fabricated using the SHAPE method functions stably on a deformed glove, highlighting the broad wearable applications of the SHAPE method.
36 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify bottlenecks hindering the maturation of flexible sensors and propose promising solutions to ease and to expedite their deployment, highlighting environmental concerns and emphasizing nontechnical issues such as business, regulatory, and ethical considerations.
Abstract: Humans rely increasingly on sensors to address grand challenges and to improve quality of life in the era of digitalization and big data. For ubiquitous sensing, flexible sensors are developed to overcome the limitations of conventional rigid counterparts. Despite rapid advancement in bench-side research over the last decade, the market adoption of flexible sensors remains limited. To ease and to expedite their deployment, here, we identify bottlenecks hindering the maturation of flexible sensors and propose promising solutions. We first analyze challenges in achieving satisfactory sensing performance for real-world applications and then summarize issues in compatible sensor-biology interfaces, followed by brief discussions on powering and connecting sensor networks. Issues en route to commercialization and for sustainable growth of the sector are also analyzed, highlighting environmental concerns and emphasizing nontechnical issues such as business, regulatory, and ethical considerations. Additionally, we look at future intelligent flexible sensors. In proposing a comprehensive roadmap, we hope to steer research efforts towards common goals and to guide coordinated development strategies from disparate communities. Through such collaborative efforts, scientific breakthroughs can be made sooner and capitalized for the betterment of humanity.
34 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the state-of-the-art applications of hydrogel-based flexible electronics in various fields are reviewed, and the correlation between properties of the hydrogels and device performance is discussed.
Abstract: Flexible electronics is an emerging field of research involving multiple disciplines, which include but not limited to physics, chemistry, materials science, electronic engineering, and biology. However, the broad applications of flexible electronics are still restricted due to several limitations, including high Young's modulus, poor biocompatibility, and poor responsiveness. Innovative materials aiming for overcoming these drawbacks and boost its practical application is highly desirable. Hydrogel is a class of 3D crosslinked hydrated polymer networks, and its exceptional material properties render it as a promising candidate for the next generation of flexible electronics. Here, the latest methods of synthesizing advanced functional hydrogels and the state‐of‐art applications of hydrogel‐based flexible electronics in various fields are reviewed. More importantly, the correlation between properties of the hydrogel and device performance is discussed here, to have better understanding of the development of flexible electronics by using environmentally responsive hydrogels. Last, perspectives on the current challenges and future directions in the development of hydrogel‐based multifunctional flexible electronics are provided.
30 citations
TL;DR: Zhang et al. as mentioned in this paper used a mechanoadaptive cellulose nanofibril-based morphing gel electrolyte (MorphGE), which synergizes bulk compliance for optimizing interfacial contact as well as high modulus for suppressing dendrite formation.
Abstract: The safe, flexible, and environment-friendly Zn-ion batteries have aroused great interests nowadays. Nevertheless, flagrant Zn dendrite uncontrollably grows in liquid electrolytes due to insufficient surface protection, which severely impedes the future applications of Zn-ion batteries especially at high current densities. Gel electrolytes are emerging to tackle this issue, yet the required high modulus for inhibiting dendrite growth as well as concurrent poor interfacial contact with roughened Zn electrodes are not easily reconcilable to regulate the fragile Zn/Zn2+ interface. Here we demonstrate, such a conflict may be defeated by using a mechanoadaptive cellulose nanofibril-based morphing gel electrolyte (MorphGE), which synergizes bulk compliance for optimizing interfacial contact as well as high modulus for suppressing dendrite formation. Moreover, by anchoring desolvated Zn2+ on cellulose nanofibrils, the side reactions which induce dendrite formation are also significantly reduced. As a result, the MorphGE-based symmetrical Zn-ion battery demonstrated outstanding stability for more than 100 h at the high current density of 10 mA·cm−2 and areal capacity of 10 mA·h·cm−2, and the corresponding Zn-ion battery delivered a prominent specific capacity of 100 mA·h·g−1 for more than 500 cycles at 20 C. The present example of engineering the mechanoadaptivity of gel electrolytes will shed light on a new pathway for designing highly safe and flexible energy storage devices.
27 citations
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TL;DR: The Altmetric Attention Score as discussed by the authors is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online, and it is calculated by using the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily.
Abstract: ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTNano and PlantsJillian M. Buriak*Jillian M. Buriak*Email: [email protected]More by Jillian M. Buriakhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9567-4328, Luis M. Liz-Marzán*Luis M. Liz-Marzán*Email: [email protected]More by Luis M. Liz-Marzánhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6647-1353, Wolfgang J. Parak*Wolfgang J. Parak*Email: [email protected]More by Wolfgang J. Parakhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1672-6650, and Xiaodong Chen*Xiaodong Chen*Email: [email protected]More by Xiaodong Chenhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-1664Cite this: ACS Nano 2022, 16, 2, 1681–1684Publication Date (Web):February 22, 2022Publication History Published online22 February 2022Published inissue 22 February 2022https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.2c01131Copyright © 2022 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views4947Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (3 MB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Nanomaterials,Nanoparticles,Nanotechnology,Plants,Sensors Get e-Alerts
26 citations
References
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TL;DR: The findings enable sEMG from wide ranging areas of the body and the measurements have quality sufficient for advanced forms of human-machine interface.
Abstract: Thin, soft, and elastic electronics with physical properties well matched to the epidermis can be conformally and robustly integrated with the skin. Materials and optimized designs for such devices are presented for surface electromyography (sEMG). The findings enable sEMG from wide ranging areas of the body. The measurements have quality sufficient for advanced forms of human-machine interface.
626 citations
TL;DR: This work provides a genetic basis for investigating mechanisms of long-distance wound signalling in plants and indicates that plant genes related to those important for synaptic activity in animals function in organ-to-organ wound signalling.
Abstract: Wounded leaves communicate their damage status to one another through a poorly understood process of long-distance signalling. This stimulates the distal production of jasmonates, potent regulators of defence responses. Using non-invasive electrodes we mapped surface potential changes in Arabidopsis thaliana after wounding leaf eight and found that membrane depolarizations correlated with jasmonate signalling domains in undamaged leaves. Furthermore, current injection elicited jasmonoyl-isoleucine accumulation, resulting in a transcriptome enriched in RNAs encoding key jasmonate signalling regulators. From among 34 screened membrane protein mutant lines, mutations in several clade 3 GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR-LIKE genes (GLRs 3.2, 3.3 and 3.6) attenuated wound-induced surface potential changes. Jasmonate-response gene expression in leaves distal to wounds was reduced in a glr3.3 glr3.6 double mutant. This work provides a genetic basis for investigating mechanisms of long-distance wound signalling in plants and indicates that plant genes related to those important for synaptic activity in animals function in organ-to-organ wound signalling.
572 citations
TL;DR: A new strong, biocompatible and biodegradable double-sided tape can adhere to wet tissues and devices through a mechanism involving rapid water removal from the surface, swift hydrogen and electrostatic interactions, and covalent bonding.
Abstract: Dry adhesive materials, particularly in the form of a film or tape, for adhering one or more wet surfaces comprising: (i) one or more hydrophilic polymers; (ii) one or more amine coupling groups, and (iii) one or more cross linkers. The dry adhesive material, when placed in contact with the one or more wet surfaces, absorbs liquid from the one or more wet surfaces, swells to form temporary crosslinking with the wet surface, and forms covalent crosslinking with the one or more wet surfaces.
511 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that translocation in the phloem of tomato seedlings can be completely inhibited without effect on the systemic accumulation of pin transcripts and pin activity, and without hindrance to propagated electrical signals.
Abstract: THE wound response of several plant species involves the activation of proteinase inhibitor (pin) genes and the accumulation of pin proteins at the local site of injury and systemically throughout the unwounded aerial regions of the plant1,2. It has been suggested that a mobile chemical signal is the causal agent linking the local wound stimulus to the distant systemic response, and candidates such as oligosaccharides3, abscisic acid4 and a polypeptide5,6 have been put forward. But the speed of transmission is high for the transport of a chemical signal in the phloem. The wound response of tomato plants can be inhibited by salicylic acid7 and agents like fusicoccin that affect ion transport8, and wounding by heat9 or physical injury produces electrical activity that has similarities to the epithelial conduction system10 used to transmit a stimulus in the defence responses of some lower animals11. Here we design experiments to distinguish between a phloem-transmissible chemical signal and a physically propagated signal based on electrical activity. We show that translocation in the phloem of tomato seedlings can be completely inhibited without effect on the systemic accumulation of pin transcripts and pin activity, and without hindrance to propagated electrical signals.
441 citations
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03 Apr 2013
TL;DR: In this article, the areal field parameters and areal feature parameters were compared to solar cell efficiency and the mechanical bond strength for copper on glass plating applications, using laser-structured cams and conrods.
Abstract: Introduction to surface topography.- The areal field parameters.- The areal feature parameters.- Areal filtering methods.- Areal form removal.- Areal fractal methods.- Choosing the appropriate parameter.- Characterization of individual areal features.- Multi-scale signature of surface topography.- Correlation of areal surface texture parameters to solar cell efficiency.- Characterisation of cylinder liner honing textures for production control.- Characterization of the mechanical bond strength for copper on glass plating applications.- Inspection of laser structured cams and conrods.- Road surfaces.
340 citations