A multiple-input DC-DC converter topology
TL;DR: In this paper, a new topology for multiple energy source conversion is presented, which is capable of interfacing sources of different voltage-current characteristics to a common load, while achieving a low part count.
Abstract: A new topology for multiple energy source conversion is presented. The topology is capable of interfacing sources of different voltage-current characteristics to a common load, while achieving a low part count. A fixed frequency switching strategy is investigated and the resulting operating modes are analyzed. The analysis is verified by experimentation. The results show that the converter is an enabling technology for power diversification and optimization.
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present state-of-the-art energy storage topologies for hybrid electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEVs) and compare battery, UC, and fuel cell technologies.
Abstract: The fuel economy and all-electric range (AER) of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) are highly dependent on the onboard energy-storage system (ESS) of the vehicle. Energy-storage devices charge during low power demands and discharge during high power demands, acting as catalysts to provide energy boost. Batteries are the primary energy-storage devices in ground vehicles. Increasing the AER of vehicles by 15% almost doubles the incremental cost of the ESS. This is due to the fact that the ESS of HEVs requires higher peak power while preserving high energy density. Ultracapacitors (UCs) are the options with higher power densities in comparison with batteries. A hybrid ESS composed of batteries, UCs, and/or fuel cells (FCs) could be a more appropriate option for advanced hybrid vehicular ESSs. This paper presents state-of-the-art energy-storage topologies for HEVs and plug-in HEVs (PHEVs). Battery, UC, and FC technologies are discussed and compared in this paper. In addition, various hybrid ESSs that combine two or more storage devices are addressed.
1,490 citations
TL;DR: The state-of-the-art dc microgrid technology that covers ac interfaces, architectures, possible grounding schemes, power quality issues, and communication systems is presented.
Abstract: To meet the fast-growing energy demand and, at the same time, tackle environmental concerns resulting from conventional energy sources, renewable energy sources are getting integrated in power networks to ensure reliable and affordable energy for the public and industrial sectors However, the integration of renewable energy in the ageing electrical grids can result in new risks/challenges, such as security of supply, base load energy capacity, seasonal effects, and so on Recent research and development in microgrids have proved that microgrids, which are fueled by renewable energy sources and managed by smart grids (use of smart sensors and smart energy management system), can offer higher reliability and more efficient energy systems in a cost-effective manner Further improvement in the reliability and efficiency of electrical grids can be achieved by utilizing dc distribution in microgrid systems DC microgrid is an attractive technology in the modern electrical grid system because of its natural interface with renewable energy sources, electric loads, and energy storage systems In the recent past, an increase in research work has been observed in the area of dc microgrid, which brings this technology closer to practical implementation This paper presents the state-of-the-art dc microgrid technology that covers ac interfaces, architectures, possible grounding schemes, power quality issues, and communication systems The advantages of dc grids can be harvested in many applications to improve their reliability and efficiency This paper also discusses benefits and challenges of using dc grid systems in several applications This paper highlights the urgent need of standardizations for dc microgrid technology and presents recent updates in this area
505 citations
Cites background from "A multiple-input DC-DC converter to..."
...However power drawn from multiple buses can complicate the design and operation of the distribution system [53]–[56]....
[...]
01 May 2006
TL;DR: In this paper, a family of multiport bidirectional DC-DC converters derived from a general topology is presented, showing a combination of DC-link and magnetic coupling.
Abstract: Multiport DC-DC converters are of potential interest in applications such as generation systems utilising multiple sustainable energy sources. A family of multiport bidirectional DC-DC converters derived from a general topology is presented. The topology shows a combination of DC-link and magnetic coupling. This structure makes use of both methods to interconnect multiple sources without the penalty of extra conversion or additional switches. The resulting converters have the advantage of being simple in topology and have a minimum number of power devices. The proposed general topology and basic cells show several possibilities to construct a multiport converter for particular applications and provide a solution to integrate diverse sources owing to their flexibility in structure. The system features a minimal number of conversion steps, low cost and compact packaging. In addition, the control and power management of the converter by a single digital processor is possible. The centralised control eliminates complicated communication structures that would be necessary in the conventional structure based on separate conversion stages. A control strategy based on classical control theory is proposed, showing a multiple PID-loop structure. The general topology and a set of three-port embodiments are detailed.
476 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a duty ratio control method is proposed to extend the ZVS operating range when input voltages vary widely, and the three-port dc-dc converters are implemented and tested for a fuel cell and supercapacitor system.
Abstract: Multiport dc-dc converters are particularly interesting for sustainable energy generation systems where diverse sources and storage elements are to be integrated. This paper presents a zero-voltage switching (ZVS) three-port bidirectional dc-dc converter. A simple and effective duty ratio control method is proposed to extend the ZVS operating range when input voltages vary widely. Soft-switching conditions over the full operating range are achievable by adjusting the duty ratio of the voltage applied to the transformer winding in response to the dc voltage variations at the port. Keeping the volt-second product (half-cycle voltage-time integral) equal for all the windings leads to ZVS conditions over the entire operating range. A detailed analysis is provided for both the two-port and the three-port converters. Furthermore, for the three-port converter a dual-PI-loop based control strategy is proposed to achieve constant output voltage, power flow management, and soft-switching. The three-port converter is implemented and tested for a fuel cell and supercapacitor system.
425 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a general approach for developing multi-input converters (MICs), which can deliver power from all of the input sources to the load either individually or simultaneously.
Abstract: The objective of this paper is to propose a general approach for developing multi-input converters (MICs). The derived MICs can deliver power from all of the input sources to the load either individually or simultaneously. By analyzing the topologies of the six basic pulsewidth modulation (PWM) converters, the method for synthesizing an MIC is inspired by adding an extra pulsating voltage or current source to a PWM converter with appropriate connection. As a result, the pulsating voltage source cells (PVSCs) and the pulsating current source cells (PCSCs) are proposed for deriving MICs. According to the presented synthesizing rules, two families of MICs, including quasi-MICs and duplicated MICs, are generated by introducing the PVSCs and the PCSCs into the six basic PWM converters.
387 citations
References
More filters
10 Dec 2002
TL;DR: In this article, a multiple input DC-DC power converter (MI-PEC) is proposed to combine the power flowing from combined on-board energy sources, which includes electric generator, ultracapacitor tank, and battery systems.
Abstract: The search for a compact, lightweight, and efficient energy storage system (battery and/or combination of other emerging technologies, including ultracapacitors, flywheel energy storage system, advanced batteries, and fuel cells) that is both affordable and has acceptable cycle life remains the major roadblock to large-scale production of EVs and HEVs. In this paper a multiple input DC-DC power converter (MI-PEC) devoted to combine the power flowing from combined on-board energy sources is presented; the proposed arrangement for the propulsion system includes electric generator (EG), ultracapacitor tank (UC) and battery systems.
153 citations
04 Oct 1998
TL;DR: In this article, the buck-boost type two-input DC-DC converter is used to combine the several input power sources and to supply the regulated output voltage for the load.
Abstract: Recently, clean electric power generation systems have attracted a great deal of social attention to exploit clean energy resources such as solar arrays, wind generators, fuel cells, etc. In this case, the multiple-input DC-DC power converter is useful to combine the several input power sources and to supply the regulated output voltage for the load. The novel solar cell power supply system using the buck-boost type two-input DC-DC converter is proposed, in which the solar array and the commercial AC line are exploited as power sources and they are combined by the two input windings of the energy-storage reactor. Also, its operation principle and performance characteristics are discussed. Furthermore, the solar cell optimum operating point tracker is proposed and examined. It is confirmed by the experiment that the proposed solar cell power supply system has the excellent performance characteristics.
108 citations
"A multiple-input DC-DC converter to..." refers methods in this paper
...In [2], the work in [1] is extended to include a forward-type multipleinput converter....
[...]
...In [1], a multiple-input flyback converter was shown....
[...]
20 Jun 1993
TL;DR: In this article, a multiple-input DC-DC converter is proposed for realizing a clean electric power generation system, and the static and dynamic characteristics are clarified theoretically and are confirmed by experiment.
Abstract: A multiple-input DC-DC converter is proposed for realizing a clean electric power generation system. The two-input buck-boost type converter is analyzed, and the static and dynamic characteristics are clarified theoretically and are confirmed by experiment. >
78 citations
"A multiple-input DC-DC converter to..." refers methods in this paper
...In [2], the work in [1] is extended to include a forward-type multipleinput converter....
[...]
Proceedings Article•
06 Aug 2002
56 citations
"A multiple-input DC-DC converter to..." refers background in this paper
...In [4], a simplified converter relative to that in [3] is proposed for a unidirectional wind/photovoltaic system....
[...]