A multiple loop vehicle detection system for heterogeneous and lane-less traffic
10 May 2011-pp 1-5
TL;DR: A novel inductive loop sensor which detects large as well as small vehicles and help a traffic control management system in optimizing the best use of existing roads is presented.
Abstract: This paper presents a novel inductive loop sensor which detects large (e.g., bus) as well as small (e.g., bicycle) vehicles and help a traffic control management system in optimizing the best use of existing roads. To accomplish the sensing of large as well as a small vehicle, a multiple loop inductive sensor system is proposed. The proposed sensor structure not only senses and segregates the vehicle type as bicycle or motor cycle or car or bus but also enables accurate counting of the number of vehicles that too in a mixed traffic flow condition. A prototype of the multiple loop sensing system has been developed using a virtual instrumentation scheme and tested. Field tests indicate that the prototype successfully detected all types of vehicles and counted, correctly, the number of each type of vehicles. Thus the suitability of the proposed multi loop sensor system for any type of traffic has been established.
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01 Jan 2015-International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Energy
TL;DR: The developed multiple loop system has a new loop structure that can detect large vehicles like bus, truck etc., as well as small vehicles like bicycle, motorcycle etc., occupying any available space in the road.
Abstract: This paper presents the development of an inductive loop traffic sensor device that can detect the vehicles under heterogeneous and lane less traffic conditions. The existing available loop systems are only suitable for lane based and homogeneous traffic conditions. The developed multiple loop system has a new loop structure that can detect large vehicles like bus, truck etc., as well as small vehicles like bicycle, motorcycle etc., occupying any available space in the road. The proposed system detects, segregates the vehicle type and also counts the number of vehicle even in mixed traffic flow condition.
4 citations
Cites background from "A multiple loop vehicle detection s..."
...This work proposes a novel inductive loop sensor structure [3] that can sense both large as well as small vehicles and differentiates the large one from the small even under mixed traffic condition....
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01 Dec 2014
TL;DR: The proposed vehicle detection system has an ability to detect and classify the vehicle continuously and consciously under the embedded adaptive algorithm, the result is automated traffic control.
Abstract: This paper presents vehicle detection system based on one of the successful intrusive method and also offerings an innovative scheme of an embedded multi-lane traffic control The proposed system has an ability to detect and classify the vehicle continuously and consciously under the embedded adaptive algorithm, the result is automated traffic control Inductive loop involves smaller loop within big outer loop is used as a sensor for vehicle detection The proposed system configuration not only detect the vehicle and segregates them as bicycle or motorbike or bus or car but also gives the precise counting of numbers of vehicles that too in mixed traffic flow condition The prototype of vehicle detection and classification system has been established using virtual instrumentation structure and tested The unique signatures for the different vehicles are analyzed for classification of the particular vehicles Inductive loop distinguishes the large vehicle (eg bus) as well as small vehicles (eg bicycle) and the total density in lane is carried out which will help for traffic control Inductive loop has been used as a detector since it has tremendous feature of insensitive to any climatic conditions also easy to maintain and it has got long detection range
3 citations
Cites background from "A multiple loop vehicle detection s..."
...Loop detectors overcome the problem of mounting the sensor with supportive cross arms [3]....
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01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: An automatic vehicular parking system using loop detector which detects the presence of vehicle and displays the corresponding parking slots available in the parking area so that manual risk is reduced.
Abstract: With increase in number of vehicle users day by day, traffic and parking of vehicles have become major problems. In this paper, we have designed an automatic vehicular parking system using loop detector which detects the presence of vehicle and displays the corresponding parking slots available in the parking area so that manual risk is reduced. In the past many parking systems were developed using magneto-resistive sensors, IR sensors and image processors. Here we are using low cost loop detector that is also insensitive to any climatic conditions, easy to maintain, long lasting and whose detection range is maximum. Loop detector works on the principle of change in its inductance (due to change in flux density) when a metal surface comes closer to it. A better approach was followed in developing the algorithm for parking. Keywords— Loop detector, Tank circuit, Vehicle detection, Smart parking, Resonance circuit
3 citations
Cites background from "A multiple loop vehicle detection s..."
...Loop detectors overcome the problem of mounting the sensor with supportive cross arms [1]....
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01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented a novel approach of an inductive sensor based on the basic principle of producing inductive changes in proportion to sea saw oscillations of a horizontal bar.
Abstract: This paper presents a novel approach of an inductive sensor based on the basic principle of producing inductive changes in proportion to sea saw oscillations of a horizontal bar. The circuit is supported by resistances and capacitances meant for deriving a signal from implantable devices. Basically, it's a pressure sensor which can be used for the acquisition of medical signal, and is very helpful in diagnostic procedures. Using an inductive coil sensor working on a differential manner, a physical parameter is translated into a signal with proportionate output frequency change. The results shown can be used for characterizing the materials and hence sensor with high sensitivity, linearity and responsiveness in harsh environmental condition. Key word: Inductance-to-frequency converter, variable inductance, magnetization, pressure sensor, displacement, relative permeability.
3 citations
19 May 2014
TL;DR: The structure from which consists the WIM system is analyzed and the possibilities of effective use of the various components needed to build a functional system for the application of WIM in real conditions of transport infrastructure are dealt with.
Abstract: This paper deals with the problem of weighing vehicles in motion called as Weight In Motion (WIM), for driving with special sensors placed in the roadway. It highlights the reasons of using the application of this solution compared to static weighing trucks especially when exceed weight and its effectiveness. We analyze of the structure from which consists the WIM system and we deal with the possibilities of effective use of the various components needed to build a functional system for the application of WIM in real conditions of transport infrastructure.
2 citations
References
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21 May 2001
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of loop length (in direction of vehicle movement) on differences between characteristics describing the magnetic profiles of the vehicles belonging to the different classes is discussed, and the case of extremely short loop (10 cm) which allows detection of the number of axles is also analyzed.
Abstract: The class of vehicle is one of more important parameters in the process of road traffic measurement. Up to now, strip piezoelectric sensors and video systems have been used. The use of very cheap inductive loop detectors for vehicle classification is also possible. Such vehicle classification systems are based on magnetic profiles recorded from inductive loops. The magnetic profile is sensitive to the loop dimensions. This paper presents a discussion concerning the influence of loop length (in direction of vehicle movement) on differences between characteristics describing the magnetic profiles of the vehicles belonging to the different classes. As characteristics describing the magnetic profile of the vehicle have been used: magnetic profiles in time domain (normalized in amplitude), probability density function and magnetic profiles in vehicle length domain. For real time applications, the conversion of the measured signal into a vector of numerical parameters (a few only) is also proposed. The influence of loop dimensions on a chosen signal parameter was investigated. The case of extremely short loop (10 cm), which allows detection of the number of axles, was also analyzed.
148 citations
"A multiple loop vehicle detection s..." refers background in this paper
...Research papers discussing improvement of loop detectors for better speed measurement [5] and classification [6]-[9] for lane disciplined traffic conditions were reported....
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TL;DR: A new algorithm for ILD using back-propagation neural networks is suggested to improve the vehicle-classification accuracy compared to the conventional method based on ILD.
Abstract: Vehicle class is an important parameter in the process of road-traffic measurement. Currently, inductive-loop detectors (ILD) and image sensors are rarely used for vehicle classification because of their low accuracy. To improve the accuracy, the authors suggest a new algorithm for ILD using back-propagation neural networks. In the developed algorithm, the inputs to the neural networks are the variation rate of frequency and frequency waveform. The output is five classified vehicles. The developed algorithm was assessed at test sites, and the recognition rate was 91.5%. The results verified that the proposed algorithm improves the vehicle-classification accuracy compared to the conventional method based on ILD
91 citations
"A multiple loop vehicle detection s..." refers background in this paper
...Research papers discussing improvement of loop detectors for better speed measurement [5] and classification [6]-[9] for lane disciplined traffic conditions were reported....
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TL;DR: A new model that uses an error-filtering algorithm to improve the accuracy of speed measurements and it can be concluded that the proposed model significantly improves vehicle-speed-measuring accuracy.
Abstract: Vehicle speed is an important parameter in measurements of road traffic. At present, double-loop detectors are generally used for vehicular speed measurement. However, these detectors incur errors caused by scanning time, spacing between double loops, irregular vehicle trajectories, and the presence of multiple vehicles in the detection zone. This paper suggests a new model that uses an error-filtering algorithm to improve the accuracy of speed measurements. In the field tests, all percent errors of the vehicular speeds measured by the proposed model were within the error tolerance limit (plusmn5%). Furthermore, the variance of percent errors was reduced. Therefore, it can be concluded that the proposed model significantly improves vehicle-speed-measuring accuracy
89 citations
"A multiple loop vehicle detection s..." refers background or methods in this paper
...The speed of the vehicle can be obtained accurately by using double-loop detector system [5]....
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...Research papers discussing improvement of loop detectors for better speed measurement [5] and classification [6]-[9] for lane disciplined traffic conditions were reported....
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TL;DR: A novel vehicle-classification algorithm that uses the time-variable signal generated by a single inductive loop detector to strengthen the classification accuracy by emphasizing the undercarriage height variation of the vehicle.
Abstract: This paper presents a novel vehicle-classification algorithm that uses the time-variable signal generated by a single inductive loop detector In earlier studies, the noisy raw signal was fed into the algorithm by reducing its size with rough sampling However, this approach loses the original signal form and cannot be the best exemplar vector The developed algorithm suggests three contributions to cope with these problems The first contribution is to clear the noise with discrete Fourier transform (DFT) The second contribution is to transfer the noiseless pattern into the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) domain PCA is exploited not only for decorrelation but for explicit dimensionality reduction as well This goal cannot be achieved by simple raw data sampling The last contribution is to expand the principal components with a local maximum (Lmax) parameter It strengthens the classification accuracy by emphasizing the undercarriage height variation of the vehicle These parameters are fed into the three-layered backpropagation neural network (BPNN) BPNN classifies the vehicles into five groups, and the recognition rate is 9421% This recognition rate has performed best, compared with the methods presented in published works
67 citations
Patent•
23 Jan 1975
TL;DR: In this paper, an inductive loop is used to detect vehicles in the immediate vicinity of the loop, where the vehicle's presence is dependent on whether or not the vehicle is over the loop.
Abstract: Apparatus for use in combination with an inductive loop for detecting metal objects, e.g. vehicles, in the immediate vicinity of said loop. The loop may, for example, be a coil of wire buried in a roadway in a plane parallel to the roadway surface. Oscillator circuitry is operatively connected to the loop with the frequency of oscillation being determined by the loop inductance, which in turn is dependent on whether or not the vehicle is over the loop. The loop frequency is monitored by digital circuitry including a loop counter which counts loop oscillator cycles and a duration counter which measures the time duration of a fixed number of loop oscillator cycles. The measured time duration is compared with an adaptable reference duration to ascertain whether the loop oscillator frequency has increased or decreased. The presence of a vehicle over the loop decreases loop inductance, increases loop frequency, and thus reduces the measured time duration of a fixed number of loop cycles. A reduction in the measured time duration by an amount greater than a preselected threshold value produces an output signal or "call" to indicate the vehicle's presence.
57 citations