A new chamber for rapid sperm count and motility estimation.
TL;DR: Easy performance, rapid sperm counts, and improvement of motility estimation make this chamber a useful tool where sperm analysis is carried out.
About: This article is published in Fertility and Sterility.The article was published on 1978-09-01. It has received 97 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Sperm motility & Sperm.
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200 citations
TL;DR: A paradigm has been developed which establishes a link between external osmolality (sea water), internal ionic concentration and control of axonemal activity in spermatozoa within species where these data have been established.
Abstract: Summary
This contribution reviews existing literature and some new own findings on teleost sperm motility and factors controlling it, emphasizing selected marine species. In marine teleosts with external fertilization (halibut, turbot, sea bass, hake, cod and tuna serving as examples), mainly the osmolality controls sperm motility: movement is activated by transfer from the seminal fluid into sea water, representing a large upward step in osmolality. The exception are flatfishes (such as halibut or turbot) where CO2 is responsible for flagellar immotility in seminal fluid. In all cases, the duration of motility is short and limited to minutes ranges due to partial exhaustion of the ATP energy and to increase of internal ionic concentration as suggested by studies with de-membranated/ATP reactivated flagellae. In this overview, we compare motility characteristics (percentage of active spermatozoa, velocity, linearity), flagellar waves parameters (wave length and amplitude, number of waves) and energy content (respiration and ATP concentration) within species where these data have been established. All parameters show a rapid decrease after activation; therefore progressive forward movement needed by the sperm to effectively reach the egg surface, is limited to a short initial period following activation. In two species (turbot and sea bass) the rapid decrease of sperm motility is reflected by a corresponding decrease of the fertilizing ability. Exposure to external environments (sea water) at activation also leads to local defects of the sperm flagella posing additional limitations on motility duration. However, minor flagellar damages as well as energetic exhaustion are reversible: after a resting period in a non-swimming solution at the end of the motility period, spermatozoa can be re-activated for a second motility period. From these results and from additional data obtained from de-membranated/ATP re-activated spermatozoa, a paradigm has been developed which establishes a link between external osmolality (sea water), internal ionic concentration and control of axonemal activity.
184 citations
TL;DR: This inexpensive, easy to perform, and highly informative technique can be of great value in the routine clinical work-up and in research studies and the average sperm speed may become a new index in any routine semen analysis.
168 citations
TL;DR: The usefulness of this simple method as a diagnostic aid in men with infertility and urogenital disease was illustrated by the analysis of two abnormal semen samples.
138 citations
TL;DR: The risk of long‐term infertility from treatment with the PADIC regimen is low and the inclusion of additional drugs such as methotrexate, bleomycin, dactinomycin), or cyclophosphamide did not significantly affect the recovery of spermatogenesis.
Abstract: Because treatment with surgery and combination chemotherapy produces a high cure rate in young men with osteosarcoma, their subsequent reproductive function is an important concern. Semen analyses of osteosarcoma patients, therefore, were performed before, during, and after treatment with the PADIC regimen consisting of cisplatin, Adriamycin (doxorubicin), and dacarbazine or, in some cases, the PADIC regimen plus additional drugs. Results showed that semen volume was not affected and that sperm motility was reduced only during treatment. Although nearly all patients were rendered azoospermic during treatment, sperm production resumed in 30 of 32 patients examined at least 2 years after treatment. Analysis with correction for censored data indicates that, in 78% of treated men, sperm counts will return to more than 10 million/ml. The percentage of men whose sperm counts recovered to normal was lower for those receiving cisplatin dosages greater than or equal to 600 mg/m2; no trends were observed with Adriamycin and dacarbazine dosages. The inclusion of additional drugs such as methotrexate, bleomycin, dactinomycin, or cyclophosphamide (less than 4 g/m2) did not significantly affect the recovery of spermatogenesis. We conclude that the risk of long-term infertility from treatment with the PADIC regimen is low.
131 citations
References
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01 Jan 1951
TL;DR: Clinical laboratory methods, Clinical laboratory methods , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشدکی اتهران.
Abstract: Clinical laboratory methods , Clinical laboratory methods , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران
289 citations
TL;DR: A proposal for standardization of the analyses of human semen is presented with special emphasis on the necessity to perform accurate evaluation of sperm morphology, to determine the percentage of dead cells and to carry out biochemical analyses of the seminal plasma to evaluate the secretory function of the accessory genital glands.
Abstract: ummary
A proposal for standardization of the analyses of human semen is presented with special emphasis on the necessity to perform accurate evaluation of sperm morphology, to determine the percentage of dead cells, and to carry out biochemical analyses of the seminal plasma to evaluate the secretory function of the accessory genital glands.
Criteria for evaluation of sperm morphology as well as accuracy, precision and applicability of the various methods are presented.
The proposed standards for evaluation of human semen constitute the basis for an already established collaboration between European andrologists aiming at a higher precision in semen analyses.
Zusammenfassung
Es wird eine Standardisierung der Spermaanalytik vorgeschlagen. Speziell wird eine genaue Ausarbeitung der Spermatozoenmorphologie gefordert, mit Angaben der Zahl toter Zellen. Dazu biochemische Analytik des Seminalplasmas um die sekretorische Funktion der akzessorischen Geschlechtsdrusen zu erfassen.
Es werden genaue Methoden der Spermatozoenmorphologie beschrieben.
Die angegebenen Standardisierungsvorschlage haben eine Zusammenarbeit vieler Europaischen Andrologen ermoglicht.
Resume
Une proposition de la standardisation de l'analyse du sperme humain est presentee en soulignant la necessite de realizer une determination exacte de la morphologie des spermatozoides, de mesurer le pourcentage de cellules mortes et de mener une analyse biochimique du plasma seminal pour evaluer l'activite secretoire des glandes genitales annexes.
Les critees d'evaluation de la morphologie des spermatozoides aussi bien que la justesse, la precision et l'utilisation optimale de differentes methodes sent presentes.
Les standards proposes de l'evaluation du sperme humain constituent la base d'une collaboration deja etablie entre andrologues europeens visant a une precision accure des analyses du sperme humain.
239 citations
TL;DR: The variance associated with the haemocytometer technique is large and must be considered in the design and analysis of studies of semen.
Abstract: Each of three technicians made duplicate pipettings from forty-six semen specimens ofseven donors and filled two haemocytometer chambers from each pipette. The number of spermatozoa in each of the four large corner squares of the chamber were counted and recorded separately for a total of 2208 counts on 552 chambers. An analysis of variance was made and the percentage variances were calculated. Marked variation was found in counts among technicians and in duplicate counts by the same technician. The technician term and the related technician interaction terms accounted for 14\m=.\8of the total study variance. Approximately one-halfof the variance of the haemocytometer technique itself was due to the variance among technicians (57\m=.\4%) and one-half to the variance among duplicate haemocytometer determinations by the same technician (42 \m=.\6%). The 95 % confidence interval for haemocytometer counts, among technicians, on a single specimen which is equal to the mean of this study (28 million/ml), is \m=+-\52%. The variance associated with the haemocytometer technique is large and must be considered in the design and analysis of studies of semen.
160 citations
76 citations