A New Differential Protection Scheme for Busbar using Teager Energy Operator
01 Dec 2019-
TL;DR: The proposed differential and restraining coefficients-based differential busbar protection scheme is able to provide high-speed protection for the bus faults and remains stable against external faults.
Abstract: This paper proposes a new instantaneous energy coefficients-based differential busbar protection scheme (namely, 87BT). The differential and restraining coefficients are calculated in a mode-segregated manner from the instantaneous phase current values. In order to evaluate its performance, an existing 400-kV substation with double-bus single breaker configuration has been modelled in PSCAD/EMTDC. The proposed scheme is able to provide high-speed protection for the bus faults. Moreover, it remains stable against external faults. A comparative evaluation with respect to 87B in case of CT saturation conditions has also been presented.
Citations
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TL;DR: In this paper , the authors present a comprehensive review and comparative analysis of protection schemes and their implementation challenges for different microgrid architectures with various operational requirements, and discuss the challenges associated with the implementation of microgrid protection schemes.
Abstract: Microgrids gain popularity due to their economical and environmental benefits along with low power losses and smaller infrastructure. However, it has several operational challenges such as power quality, power system instability, reliability, and protection issues. Microgrid protection strategy is a prime issue for the reliable operation of the microgrid. The microgrid protection scheme must meet the essential conditions for grid-connected and islanded operational modes. This paper presents a comprehensive review and comparative analysis of protection schemes and their implementation challenges for different microgrid architectures with various operational requirements. The challenges associated with the implementation of microgrid protection schemes are identified and discussed in detail. Furthermore, various simulation studies have been conducted to demonstrate the microgrid protection challenges associated with different modes of operation. This paper presents key information to researchers and protection engineers to identify microgrid protection challenges and their mitigation approaches.
16 citations
01 Aug 2018
TL;DR: The obtained results reveal the proposed 87BW function provides ultra-high-fast trip for internal and evolving external-to-internal faults, guaranteeing security for normal through-load and external faults as well, even in the case of early and severe current transformer saturation.
Abstract: This paper presents a new wavelet-based busbar differential protection algorithm, named as 87BW function. The instantaneous current-based differential protection fundamentals are taken into account and the well-known 1-out-of-1 and 2-out-of-2 tripping logics are mapped into the wavelet domain. Operating and restraint wavelet coefficients energy of currents are computed, regarding station configuration and bus zones boundaries. Thereby, the proposed 87BW function can be properly used in both static and dynamic busbar configuration. Its performance was evaluated through EMTP-based simulations of faults in a 230 kV power substation with double bus single breaker configuration. The obtained results reveal it provides ultra-high-fast trip for internal and evolving external-to-internal faults, guaranteeing security for normal through-load and external faults as well, even in the case of early and severe current transformer (CT) saturation.
12 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a photovoltaic power supply in constant power mode enters a lowvoltage ride-through state when there is a fault in the microgrid, and a local protection method based on the phase difference of the feeder positive-sequence current is proposed.
Abstract: Abstract The increasingly popular inverter distributed generation in microgrids is leading to changes in system fault characteristics. The fault behaviors of inverter distributed generation are closely related to the control mode. Here, a photovoltaic power supply in constant power mode enters a low-voltage ride-through state when there is a fault in the microgrid. The output current phase in the ride-through state is analyzed, and a local protection method based on the phase difference of the feeder positive-sequence current is proposed. The method is used to avoid interpreting voltage surges as faults, and to detect and locate faults rapidly and accurately. Electromagnetic transient simulation software is used to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed protection scheme.
References
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03 Apr 1990
TL;DR: The results of applying this algorithm to a number of well-known signals are shown and some of the invariance and noise properties of the algorithm are derived and verified by simulation.
Abstract: A simple algorithm is derived that permits on-the-fly calculation of the energy required to generate, in a certain sense, a signal. The results of applying this algorithm to a number of well-known signals are shown. Some of the invariance and noise properties of the algorithm are derived and verified by simulation. The implementation of the algorithm and its application to speech processing are briefly discussed. >
1,221 citations
"A New Differential Protection Schem..." refers background in this paper
...Later, Kaiser in [24] has proved that the TEO can be calculated with three consecutive samples of the signal....
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01 Jan 1990
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the dynamics of the inertia-laden flows leading to various modes of oscillation within the vocal tract are neither passive nor acoustic, and that the pressure across any cross section of the tract is constant and does not exhibit the differentials expected from the markedly different separated flows across that same cross section.
Abstract: Much of what speech scientists believe about the mechanisms of speech production and hearing rests less on an experimental base than on a centuries-old faith in linear mathematics. Based on experimental evidence we believe that the momentum waves, or the interactions of the inertia-laden flows leading to various modes of oscillation, within the vocal tract are neither passive nor acoustic. Measurements of flow within the vocal tract indicate that acoustic impedance, or the pressure-flow ratio, is violated. The pressure across any cross section of the tract is constant and does not exhibit the differentials expected from the markedly different separated flows across that same cross section. There has been little proof that the ear is primarily a frequency analyzer, or any solid explanation given for its extraordinary sensitivity. Finally, nonlinear processing techniques, that are less prey to Fourier artifacts, are described.
376 citations
"A New Differential Protection Schem..." refers background in this paper
...Teager [23] has proved that the energy components in a signal is proportional to the square of its amplitude (A) and angular frequency (ω)....
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TL;DR: A method of symmetrical component analysis for the detection of current-transformer saturation in a numerical current differential feeder protection relay shows significant improvement in sensitivity on internal faults while still maintaining a high level of stability on external faults and nonfault events.
Abstract: A method of symmetrical component analysis for the detection of current-transformer (CT) saturation in a numerical current differential feeder protection relay is presented in this paper. The performance of the differential relay is investigated for various faults on a typical Electro-Magnetic Transients Program/Alternative Transients Program (EMTP/ATP) simulated transmission feeder. The simulator includes the effects of CT saturation. A comparison between simulation and tests conducted on an analog model testbench are also evaluated. The results show a high degree of similarity and illustrate the effect that CT saturation imposes on the sensitivity and stability of the protection scheme. An algorithm is presented that shows significant improvement in sensitivity on internal faults while still maintaining a high level of stability on external faults and nonfault events.
87 citations
14 Nov 2005
TL;DR: In this article, a wavelet-packet transform (WPT) based differential busbar-protection technique is presented, which decomposes the fault signal into different frequency bands in the time domain.
Abstract: A novel wavelet-packet-transform- (WPT-) based differential busbar-protection technique is presented. The paper uses the wavelet-packet- transform (WPT) method to extract features from a fault-current signal. The WPT can decompose the fault signal into different frequency bands in the time domain. The differential signal is computed from the decomposed extracted signal. The WPT-based differential busbar-protection scheme solves several problems of current protective relays. The CT error and ratio-mismatch problems do not have any impact on the proposed WPT-based scheme. ATP simulations are used to test and validate the proposed technique for model-power-system faults.
56 citations
TL;DR: The implementation and testing of a superimposed directional comparison technique for bus protection based on an IEC61850 process bus is investigated and design, hardware implementation, and related issues of DCBPU are described.
Abstract: A directional comparison bus protection unit (DCBPU) can provide a high speed bus fault clearing in the IEC61850 process-bus environment. This technique is based on superimposed fault direction for each circuit connected to the protected bus. In this paper, the implementation and testing of a superimposed directional comparison technique for bus protection based on an IEC61850 process bus is investigated. Design, hardware implementation, and related issues of DCBPU are described. A unique test setup is proposed and developed for testing DCBPU, including merging unit simulator, traffic generator, prototype DCBPU, and Ethernet switches to simulate the real IEC 61850-based substation automation process bus. Test results are reported.
42 citations