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Journal ArticleDOI

A new landfill liner to reduce ground-water contamination from heavy metals

01 Nov 1998-Journal of Environmental Engineering (American Society of Civil Engineers)-Vol. 124, Iss: 11, pp 1061-1065
TL;DR: In this paper, a series of permeameters (columns) were used to evaluate the effects of the percolation of water and 1,000 g/mL of zinc chloride solution through a mixture of montmorillonite clay, sand, and lime.
Abstract: A series of permeameters (columns) was used to evaluate the effects of the percolation of water and 1,000 {micro}g/mL of zinc chloride solution through a mixture of montmorillonite clay, sand, and lime. The column test results show that the addition of lime changes the chemical and physical properties of the clay. The hydraulic conductivities for the mixture of clay with different percentages of lime at first increases with increasing lime and then decreases with increasing lime. The breakthrough curves indicate that the Zn(II) capture is increased and Zn(II) breakthrough is delayed with increasing lime addition. Lime also enhances the clay/lime mixture`s ability to resist puncture by sharp objects. Based on the effects of lime on Zn(II) captured by the clay, an explanation for the interacting effects of lime and Zn(II) capture on changing hydraulic conductivity is suggested. The results of this research demonstrate the potential of using lime-treated clay liners for landfills. Such liners would have lower hydraulic conductivity, better resistance to puncture, and enhanced ability to capture heavy metals.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Hui Wu1, Qingbo Wen1, Liming Hu1, Meng Gong1, Zili Tang1 
TL;DR: The results indicated that the hydraulic conductivity of coal gangue could be smaller than the regulatory requirement 1×10-7cm/s with a void ratio less than 0.60, and that the coalgangue has potential to be used as landfill liner materials.

92 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of wetting-drying cycles on swelling pressures of sand-bentonite mixtures used in the construction of sanitary landfills to have an impermeable liner was investigated before and after lime treatment of the mixtures.
Abstract: In the present study, influence of wetting–drying cycles on swelling pressures of sand–bentonite mixtures used in the construction of sanitary landfills to have an impermeable liner was investigated before and after lime treatment of the mixtures. Swelling pressure tests were conducted to see if the swelling pressures were affected by wetting–drying cycles. First series of specimens were prepared as a mixture of sand and bentonite only. In the first series of specimens, sand was mixed with bentonite in various proportions with their optimum water contents and compacted by using standard proctor energy. In the second series of the specimens, lime in various proportions was added to the mixtures of sand–bentonite. Then, the sand–bentonite mixtures stabilized by lime were compacted with the standard proctor energy at their optimum moisture contents. Five wetting–drying cycles were performed on each specimen and values of swelling pressures were measured at the end of each cycle. Results of swelling pressure tests indicated that the swelling pressure is decreased when lime is added to the mixtures. In addition, decrements were observed on swelling pressures by wetting–drying cycles. The results of the experiments of this investigation showed that the beneficial effect of lime stabilization to control the swelling pressures was partly lost by the wetting–drying cycles. However, the test results indicated that the swelling pressures of the specimens made of sand–bentonite mixtures stabilized by lime were lower than the swelling pressures of the specimens made of only sand–bentonite mixtures.

45 citations


Cites background from "A new landfill liner to reduce grou..."

  • ...In addition, sand-montmorillonite mixtures stabilized by lime provided superior resistance against leachate percolation and could be used as liner material in the sanitary landfills (Tsai and Vesilind 1998)....

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  • ...against leachate percolation and could be used as liner material in the sanitary landfills (Tsai and Vesilind 1998)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work provides an in-depth analysis of the quantity-based TRI data for year 2007 at industry sector, state, and chemical levels and couples it with toxicity potentials and shows that none of the highest priority chemicals identified through the toxicity-based evaluation would have been identified if only quantity- based evaluation had been used.

32 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented the consolidation and swelling characteristics of fly ash-montmorillonite clay mixes and showed that the compression index (cc) of the fly ashes indicates that the rate of consolidation is very fast.
Abstract: This paper presents the consolidation and swelling characteristics of fly ash–montmorillonite clay mixes. Nine types of fly ash samples collected from different thermal power plants of the Eastern part of India have been used in this study. The amount of montmorillonite clay added to each fly ash sample is 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%. The compression index (cc) of the fly ashes indicates that the rate of consolidation is very fast. With an increase in montmorillonite clay content from 0.0 to 50%, the compressibility of the fly ash–montmorillonite clay mix increases, irrespective of the type of fly ash. The value of the compression index (cc) of montmorillonite clay indicates that the embankments and fills made of fly ash–montmorillonite clay mixtures (i.e., 30, 40, and 50% of montmorillonite clay in the mix) and the structures constructed on such fills would suffer large deformation, whereas fly ash and fly ash mixed with 20% montmorillonite clay would not suffer large deformation. Specimens used for ...

32 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study investigates the feasibility of using a silty soil excavated in highway construction as landfill liner material and verified the importance of in situ hydraulic conductivity testing in compacted liners.

22 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a laboratory investigation on the quicklime stabilization of sensitive clays has shown that significant strength increase can be obtained if enough water content above the liquid limit is added to the clays.
Abstract: A laboratory investigation on the quicklime stabilization of sensitive clays has shown that, even at a water content above the liquid limit, significant strength increase can be obtained if enough ...

261 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, it is shown that bound water as it is usually defined actually consists of three different types of water-water captured in the interstitial spaces within flocs and within cells, vicinal water on the surfaces of solids, and water of hydration.
Abstract: While the dewatering of wastewater sludges has received considerable research attention, it has been assumed that the water continuum surrounding the sludge particles has the physical properties of bulk water. This paper suggests that such an assumption may not be valid. The existence of vicinal water, consisting of ordered and layered water molecules on the surfaces of submerged solids, is demonstrated using research from various disciplines. The meaning of «bound water» as used in sludge technology is discussed, and it is shown that bound water can be defined in several ways, depending on the test used. It seems reasonable that bound water as it is usually defined actually consists of three different types of water-water captured in the interstitial spaces within flocs and within cells, vicinal water on the surfaces of solids, and water of hydration

214 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive series of laboratory tests were conducted on an inorganic clayey sediment in order to predict the mechanical behaviour of dredged sediments used in reclamation projects.
Abstract: A comprehensive series of laboratory tests was conducted on an inorganic clayey sediment in order to predict the mechanical behaviour of dredged sediments used in reclamation projects. The soil use...

195 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the results of various investigations made to determine the design factors relating to permeability, compressibility, and strength properties of cutoff walls are presented, which are related to the composition of the backfill materials and construction methods.
Abstract: Soil-bentonite cutoff walls constructed by slurry trench methods have been employed for about 3 decades. Soil-bentonite cutoff walls are constructed by excavating a continuous narrow trench under a bentonite slurry that stabilizes the excavation. The trench is backfilled subsequently with a blend of natural soil and bentonite, thereby displacing the slurry. The completed wall acts as a barrier to lateral flow of water and most fluid pollutants. Presented are the results of various investigations made to determine the design factors relating to permeability, compressibility, and strength properties of cutoff walls. These properties are related to the composition of the backfill materials and construction methods. Data are presented on the ability of slurry trench cutoff walls to maintain their integrity under the effect of long-term permeation by various pollutants. Recommendations are made for writing specifications that will achieve required performance at the lowest cost.

162 citations

Book
01 Jan 1982
TL;DR: In this article, a laboratory manual is designed for a laboratory course in soil mechanics also called geotechnical engineering, which is common that this course is taught in departments of civil engineering in the junior (3rd year).
Abstract: This laboratory manual is designed for a laboratory course in soil mechanics also called geotechnical engineering. It is common that this course is taught in departments of civil engineering in the junior (3rd year). This laboratory course commonly accompanies a lecture course in soil mechanics/geotechnical engineering.

126 citations