A new method for protection zone selection in microprocessor-based bus relays
TL;DR: A new method for selecting bus protection zones in microprocessor-based relays, based upon graph theory, is presented and a typical bus arrangement is used to illustrate the graphical representation of station arrangements, graph operations, and associated matrix operations.
Abstract: Use of graph theory simplifies representation of complex bus arrangements in power system stations. This paper presents a new method, based upon graph theory, for selecting bus protection zones in microprocessor-based relays. We use a typical bus arrangement to illustrate the graphical representation of station arrangements, graph operations, and associated matrix operations. We also describe an implementation of the zone selection method and use two examples to demonstrate the advantages of the method. Using the status of switching devices in the station, the zone selection method provides the relay with real-time bus arrangement information. The bus relay uses this information to assign input currents to a differential protection zone and to select which breakers to trip for a bus fault or breaker failure.
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TL;DR: In this article, a multiagent-based adaptive wide-area current differential protection system is proposed, where a power grid is divided into primary and backup protection zones dynamically online with the help of a developed expert system, and relay agents of these zones cooperate to perform a differential relaying function.
Abstract: This paper proposes a multiagent-based adaptive wide-area current differential protection system. A power grid is divided into primary and backup protection zones dynamically online with the help of a developed expert system, and the relay agents of these zones cooperate to perform a differential relaying function. Predictive self-healing strategies have been proposed to prevent misoperation of the relay agent, and the communication system has been simulated. The performance of the proposed adaptive wide-area current differential protection system based on computer simulation is presented in this paper.
90Â citations
TL;DR: To facilitate a more robust, less vulnerable protection system, predictive and corrective self-healing strategies are implemented as guideline regulations of the relay agent, and the relay agents within the same protection zone communicate and cooperate to detect, locate, and trip fault precisely with primary and backup protection.
Abstract: This paper proposes an agent-based paradigm for self-healing protection systems. Numerical relays implemented with intelligent electronic devices are designed as a relay agent to perform a protective relaying function in cooperation with other relay agents. A graph-theory-based expert system, which can be integrated with supervisory control and a data acquisition system, has been developed to divide the power grid into primary and backup protection zones online and all relay agents are assigned to specific zones according to system topological configuration. In order to facilitate a more robust, less vulnerable protection system, predictive and corrective self-healing strategies are implemented as guideline regulations of the relay agent, and the relay agents within the same protection zone communicate and cooperate to detect, locate, and trip fault precisely with primary and backup protection. Performance of the proposed protection system has been simulated with cascading fault, failures in communication and protection units, and compared with a coordinated directional overcurrent protection system.
88Â citations
Cites methods from "A new method for protection zone se..."
...Graph theory has been used to select bus protection zones with the status of the circuit breaker (CB) considered [12]....
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...As a powerful analytical tool in understanding and solving large and complex engineering problems [15], graph theory simplifies the representation to the configuration of a complex power system, and has been used for bus protection zones selection in microprocessor-based relays [12]....
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14 Nov 2005
TL;DR: In this article, a wavelet-packet transform (WPT) based differential busbar-protection technique is presented, which decomposes the fault signal into different frequency bands in the time domain.
Abstract: A novel wavelet-packet-transform- (WPT-) based differential busbar-protection technique is presented. The paper uses the wavelet-packet- transform (WPT) method to extract features from a fault-current signal. The WPT can decompose the fault signal into different frequency bands in the time domain. The differential signal is computed from the decomposed extracted signal. The WPT-based differential busbar-protection scheme solves several problems of current protective relays. The CT error and ratio-mismatch problems do not have any impact on the proposed WPT-based scheme. ATP simulations are used to test and validate the proposed technique for model-power-system faults.
56Â citations
TL;DR: In this article, a wavelet transform-based directional algorithm for busbar protection is proposed, which decomposes the current and voltage signals into their first-level details, which consist of frequencies in 500- to 1000-Hz bandwidth, for generating directional signals.
Abstract: This paper proposes a novel wavelet-transform-based directional algorithm for busbar protection. The algorithm decomposes the current and voltage signals into their first-level details, which consist of frequencies in 500- to 1000-Hz bandwidth, for generating directional signals. A high level of computational efficiency is achieved compared to the other wavelet-transform-based algorithms proposed, since only the high-frequency details at the first level are employed in this algorithm. The validity of this method was exhaustively tested by simulating various types of faults on a substation modeled in the alternative transients program/electromagnetic transients program. The algorithm correctly discriminated between bus faults, various types of external faults, and transformer energization even in the presence of current-transformer saturation. This paper also provides the design details of the algorithm using field-programmable gate array technology.
39Â citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe a reliable protection system that includes busbar protection and advanced zone selection; the protection system is suitable for the protection of multiple busbar arrangements and consists of several protection principles and measuring techniques using instantaneous and phasor quantities.
Abstract: Modern digital relays use innovative algorithms to fulfill busbar protection requirements of fast operating times for all busbar faults, security for external faults with heavy current-transformer (CT) saturation, and minimum delay for evolving faults. This paper describes a reliable protection system that includes busbar protection and advanced zone selection; the protection system is suitable for the protection of multiple busbar arrangements. The protection system consists of several protection principles and measuring techniques using instantaneous and phasor quantities in a unique combination to achieve reliable busbar protection with minimum CT performance requirements.
39Â citations
Cites background from "A new method for protection zone se..."
...Details on graphical representation of bus arrangements, graph operations, and associated matrix operations are described in [11] and [12]....
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References
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Book•
01 Jul 1988TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a comprehensive, up-to-date account of computer relaying in power systems, based in part on the author's extensive experience in the field.
Abstract: This text/reference presents a comprehensive, up-to-date account of computer relaying in power systems, based in part on the author's extensive experience in the field. Provides background material on current relaying practices, and covers the mathematical foundations for relaying algorithms. Each chapter contains helpful illustrations, examples, and problems.
880Â citations
Book•
01 May 2013
TL;DR: P.P. Anderson, a noted expert on power systems, presents an analytical and technical approach to power system protection, showing how abnormal system behavior can be detected before damage occurs, and points to effective control action to limit system outages.
Abstract: "In a world of huge, interconnected networks that can be completely blacked out by disturbances, POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION offers you an improved understanding of the requirements necessary for prompt and accurate corrective action.P. M. Anderson, a noted expert on power systems, presents an analytical and technical approach to power system protection. His discussion shows how abnormal system behavior can be detected before damage occurs, and points to effective control action to limit system outages.Advance your knowledge of power system protection through a better understanding of:Protective devices and controlsProtection conceptsTransmission protectionApparatus protectionSystem aspects of protective systemsReliability analysis of protective systemsPOWER SYSTEM PROTECTION is expressly written for practicing engineers and advanced graduate-level student engineers who need a comprehensive resource on the principles of power system behavior. This essential reference work provides new and advanced concepts for understanding system performance."
758Â citations
Book•
01 Jan 1992TL;DR: This book discusses Graphs and Vector Spaces, which are concerned with the construction of graphs, and some of the algorithms used to solve these problems.
Abstract: Basic Concepts. Trees, Cutsets, and Circuits. Eulerian and Hamiltonian Graphs. Graphs and Vector Spaces. Directed Graphs. Matrices of a Graph. Planarity and Duality. Connectivity and Matching. Covering and Coloring. Matroids. Graph Algorithms. Flows in Networks. Indexes.
500Â citations
"A new method for protection zone se..." refers background or methods in this paper
...Graph theory is a powerful analytical tool in understanding and solving large, complex problems in physical science and engineering applications [13], [ 14 ]....
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...The next graph operation is on bus vertices, specifically to find an incidence set of a bus vertex . An incidence set [ 14 ] in is a set of all edges incident at a vertex, namely,...
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...The structure of a graph can be characterized also by its incidence matrix [13], [ 14 ]....
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...For a directed graph [13], [ 14 ], the ordered pair indicates that the edge is directed from vertex toward vertex ....
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...where the set operation is called ring sum [13], [ 14 ]....
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Book•
28 Mar 1994
TL;DR: In this paper, the relay engineer phasors, polarity, and symmetrical components basic relay units protection against transients and surges instrument transformers in relaying microprocessor relaying fundamentals system grounding and protective relaying generator protection motor protection transformer and reactor protection stationbus protection line and circuit protection back-up protection system stability and out-of-step relaying reclosing and synchronizing load shedding and frequency relaying.
Abstract: Introduction and general philosophies technical tools of the relay engineer phasors, polarity, and symmetrical components basic relay units protection against transients and surges instrument transformers in relaying microprocessor relaying fundamentals system grounding and protective relaying generator protection motor protection transformer and reactor protection station-bus protection line and circuit protection back-up protection system stability and out-of-step relaying reclosing and synchronizing load-shedding and frequency relaying.
423Â citations