A new quasi-Yagi antenna for planar active antenna arrays
TL;DR: In this article, a broadband planar antenna based on the classic Yagi-Uda dipole antenna is presented, and its usefulness as an array antenna is explored, achieving a measured 48% frequency bandwidth for voltage standing-wave ratio <2, better than a 12dB front-to-back ratio, smaller than -15 dB cross polarization, and 3-5-dBi absolute gain.
Abstract: In this paper, a novel broadband planar antenna based on the classic Yagi-Uda dipole antenna is presented, and its usefulness as an array antenna is explored. This "quasi-Yagi" antenna is realized on a high dielectric-constant substrate, and is completely compatible with microstrip circuitry and solid-state devices. This antenna achieves a measured 48% frequency bandwidth for voltage standing-wave ratio <2, better than a 12-dB front-to-back ratio, smaller than -15 dB cross polarization, and 3-5-dBi absolute gain. Mutual coupling of the antenna in an array environment is investigated. Finally, three simple arrays are presented, demonstrating the usefulness of the antenna as an array element. This novel antenna should find wide application in wireless communication systems, power combining, phased arrays, and active arrays, as well as millimeter-wave imaging arrays.
Citations
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28 Mar 2005
TL;DR: In this article, a plurality of antenna elements on a dielectric substrate are adapted to launch or receive electromagnetic waves in or from a direction substantially away from either a convex or concave edge of the dielectrous substrate, wherein at least two of the antenna elements operate in different directions.
Abstract: A plurality of antenna elements on a dielectric substrate are adapted to launch or receive electromagnetic waves in or from a direction substantially away from either a convex or concave edge of the dielectric substrate, wherein at least two of the antenna elements operate in different directions. Slotlines of tapered-slot endfire antennas in a first conductive layer of a first side of the dielectric substrate are coupled to microstrip lines of a second conductive layer on the second side of the dielectric substrate. A bi-conical reflector, conformal cylindrical dielectric lens, or discrete lens array improves the H-plane radiation pattern. Dipole or Yagi-Uda antenna elements on the conductive layer of the dielectric substrate can be used in cooperation with associated reflective elements, either alone or in combination with a corner-reflector of conductive plates attached to the conductive layers proximate to the endfire antenna elements.
335 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a broadband printed-dipole antenna and its arrays for 5G wireless cellular networks are proposed, which is fed by an integrated balun, which consists of a folded microstrip line and a rectangular slot.
Abstract: In this letter, we propose a broadband printed-dipole antenna and its arrays for fifth-generation (5G) wireless cellular networks. To realize a wide frequency range of operation, the proposed antenna is fed by an integrated balun, which consists of a folded microstrip line and a rectangular slot. For compactness, the printed dipole is angled at 45°. The single-element antenna yields an |S
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| <;-10-dB bandwidth of 36.2% (26.5-38.2 GHz) and a gain of 4.5-5.8 dBi. We insert a stub between two printed-dipole antennas and obtain a low mutual coupling of <;-20 dB for a 4.8-mm center-to-center spacing (0.42-0.61 λ at 26-38 GHz). We demonstrate the usefulness of this antenna as a beamforming radiator by configuring 8-element linear arrays. Due to the presence of the stubs, the arrays resulted in a wider scanning angle, a higher gain, and a lower sidelobe level in the low-frequency region.
209 citations
Cites background from "A new quasi-Yagi antenna for planar..."
...antennas [6], printed dipoles [7], and angled-dipole antennas...
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TL;DR: In this article, a new microstrip Yagi array antenna with end-fire radiation and vertical polarization is proposed, which has a low profile, a wide bandwidth and a high gain.
Abstract: A new microstrip Yagi array antenna with endfire radiation and vertical polarization is proposed. The Yagi antenna has a low profile, a wide bandwidth and a high gain. Each element of the Yagi array is based on a new microstrip antenna that has one edge opened and the other three edges shorted, working as a “magnetic dipole antenna”. As opposed to previous microstrip Yagi array antennas, the proposed Yagi antenna could produce a beam radiating at exactly endfire for infinite ground plane, with vertical polarization in the horizontal plane. A coupling microstrip line is introduced between the driven element and the first director element to strengthen the coupling between them, and therefore the front-to-back ratio and bandwidth of the array can be improved. The endfire gain can be enhanced as the number of the director elements increases, in either case where the array has an infinite or a finite ground plane.
182 citations
Cites methods from "A new quasi-Yagi antenna for planar..."
...Recently, microstrip Yagi array antennas [14]–[16] based on classical Yagi-Uda dipole array [1] have been proposed....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a coplanar waveguide fed quasi-Yagi antenna with broad bandwidth is presented, where the antenna is realized on a high dielectric constant substrate and compatible with microstrip circuitry and active devices.
Abstract: In this letter, we present a novel coplanar waveguide fed quasi-Yagi antenna with broad bandwidth. The uniqueness of this design is due to its simple feed selection and despite this, its achievable bandwidth. The 10 dB return loss bandwidth of the antenna is 44% covering X-band. The antenna is realized on a high dielectric constant substrate and is compatible with microstrip circuitry and active devices. The gain of the antenna is 7.4 dBi, the front-to-back ratio is 15 dB and the nominal efficiency of the radiator is 95%.
165 citations
Cites background or methods from "A new quasi-Yagi antenna for planar..."
...Various designs of the planar quasi-Yagi antenna has been reported in the literature covering the X-band of the frequency spectrum [1]–[3]....
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...Typical feeding methods utilized include a microstrip feed [1], [2] or a coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed [3] each requiring a balun to transform the transmission line mode at the input port of the antenna to the coplanar stripline....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a compact 24 GHz Yagi-Uda antenna has been developed using standard design tables and simple scaling to take into account the added capacitance due to the supporting dielectric substrate.
Abstract: A compact 24-GHz Yagi-Uda antenna has been developed using standard design tables and simple scaling to take into account the added capacitance due to the supporting dielectric substrate. The antenna results in a directivity of 9.3 dB, a front-to-back ratio of 11 dB, and a bandwidth of 2.5-3%. The Yagi-Uda antenna has been implemented in an 11-beam system using a planar array and a 2-inch Teflon spherical lens. The measured patterns show a 22 dB gain beam, a cross-polarization level of -24 dB, and a crossover level of -6 dB. The design method presented in this paper is quite straightforward, and can be used to develop low-, medium-, and even high-gain endfire Yagi-Uda antennas.
160 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this paper, the performance of printed antenna elements on substrates which may be electrically thick, as would be the case for printed antennas at millimeter wave frequencies, is investigated, and an optimization procedure for maximizing or minimizing power launched into surface waves from a multielement printed antenna array is presented.
Abstract: Calculated data are presented on the performance of printed antenna elements on substrates which may be electrically thick, as would be the case for printed antennas at millimeter wave frequencies. Printed dipoles and microstrip patch antennas on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), quartz, and gallium arsenide substrates are considered. Data are given for resonant length, resonant resistance, bandwidth, loss due to surface waves, loss due to dielectric heating, and mutual coupling. Also presented is an optimization procedure for maximizing or minimizing power launched into surface waves from a multielement printed antenna array. The data are calculated by a moment method solution.
470 citations
"A new quasi-Yagi antenna for planar..." refers background in this paper
...Microstrip patch antennas are typically narrow-band and have relatively low efficiency due to an undesired substrate mode excited if high dielectric-constant substrates are used [ 1 ]....
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01 Nov 1992
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of integrated circuit antennas suitable for millimeter and terahertz applications is presented in this paper, where several antennas, such as the integrated horn antenna, the dielectric-filled parabola, the Fresnel plate antenna, dual-slot antenna, and the log-periodic and spiral antennas on extended hemispherical lenses, which have resulted in excellent performance at millimeter-wave frequencies, are covered in detail.
Abstract: A comprehensive review of integrated circuit antennas suitable for millimeter and terahertz applications is presented. A great deal of research was done on integrated circuit antennas in the last decade, and many of the problems associated with electrically thick dielectric substrates, such as substrate modes and poor radiation patterns, have been understood and solved. Several antennas, such as the integrated horn antenna, the dielectric-filled parabola, the Fresnel plate antenna, the dual-slot antenna, and the log-periodic and spiral antennas on extended hemispherical lenses, which have resulted in excellent performance at millimeter-wave frequencies, are covered in detail. A review of the efficiency definitions used with planar antennas is included. >
422 citations
"A new quasi-Yagi antenna for planar..." refers background in this paper
...Antennas on high-permittivity electrically thick substrates can suffer from substantial problems with undesired substrate modes [ 6 ]....
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TL;DR: In this article, a comprehensive study of infinite phased arrays of printed dipole antennas is presented, with emphasis on the scan blindness phenomenon, and a simple theory, based on coupling from Floquet modes to surface wave modes on the substrate, is shown to predict the occurrence of scan blindness.
Abstract: A comprehensive study of infinite phased arrays of printed dipole antennas is presented, with emphasis on the scan blindness phenomenon. A rigorus and efficient moment method procedure is used to calculate the array impedance versus scan angle. Data are presented for the input reflection coefficient for various element spacings and substrate parameters. A simple theory, based on coupling from Floquet modes to surface wave modes on the substrate, is shown to predict the occurrence of scan blindness. Measurements from a waveguide simulator of a blindness condition confirm the theory.
384 citations
"A new quasi-Yagi antenna for planar..." refers background in this paper
...One important parameter in this context is the mutual coupling between elements within an array environment, which may not only complicate the array design, but also causes the scan-blindness problem in many existing planar antenna arrays [ 14 ]....
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TL;DR: Tapered slot antennas (TSAs) with a number of potential applications as single elements and focal plane arrays are discussed in this paper, where the circuit and radiation properties of TSAs are reviewed.
Abstract: Tapered slot antennas (TSAs) with a number of potential applications as single elements and focal plane arrays are discussed. TSAs are fabricated with photolithographic techniques and integrated in either hybrid or MMIC circuits with receiver or transmitter components. They offer considerably narrower beams than other integrated antenna elements and have high aperture efficiency and packing density as array elements. Both the circuit and radiation properties of TSAs are reviewed. Topics covered include: antenna beamwidth, directivity, and gain of single-element TSAs; their beam shape and the effect of different taper shapes; and the input impedance and the effects of using thick dielectrics. These characteristics are also given for TSA arrays as are the circuit properties of the array elements. Different array structures and their applications are also described. >
367 citations
"A new quasi-Yagi antenna for planar..." refers background in this paper
...Alternatively, endfire antennas such as the Vivaldi and linearly tapered slot antenna (LTSA) are traveling-wave-type structures that can achieve broad instantaneous bandwidth [ 5 ]....
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01 Jun 1928
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of variation of plate voltage, magnetic field strength and other factors on the high-frequency output of a magnetron tube and its external connections is described.
Abstract: Part I of this paper is devoted to a description of various experiments performed at wavelengths below 200 cm. Curves are given to show the effect of the earth and various types of inductively excited antennas called "wave directors." Part I is concluded with a discussion of beam and horizontally polarized radiation. Part II is devoted chiefly to the magnetron tubes used for the production of very short wavelengths (as low as 12 cm.) and the circuit arrangements employed. It is shown that the geometry of the tube and its external connections are of great importance. The effect of variation of plate voltage, magnetic field strength and other factors on the high-frequency output, is described.
334 citations
"A new quasi-Yagi antenna for planar..." refers background in this paper
...The Yagi‐Uda antenna, first published in an English language journal in 1928 [ 7 ], has been used extensively as an endfire antenna....
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