A novel approach to improve power output of PV array under different shading conditions
01 Dec 2014-pp 1-6
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented an approach to arrange the physical position of modules in total cross-tied (TCT) configuration, without changing the electrical connection of the modules in the array.
Abstract: Improvement of energy efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) system is needed to fulfill the energy crises. The power generation of PV array decreases due to partial shading occurs on the PV array. In partial shading condition, the PV modules of the array receive different intensity of solar irradiation and hence mismatch losses occurs between the modules. Thus the power-voltage characteristics of PV arrays contain multiple local maxima and one of them is a global maximum power point (GMPP). This paper presents an novel approach to arrange the physical position of modules in Total Cross Tied (TCT) configuration, without changing the electrical connection of the modules in the array. In this approach, the arrangement of PV modules of TCT configuration is done in such a way that the shading effect is distributed over the entire array, and hence it reduces the multiple local maxima in power-voltage characteristics of the PV array. Thus the tracking of GMPP in the present approach is simpler. In this paper, the power generation of array with TCT and proposed configuration is compared with theoretical and MATLAB simulation results. It is investigated that the power generation of PV array with proposed configuration is enhanced under different shading patterns.
Citations
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TL;DR: Overall, this article reports that the ML–OBPD based SP configured PV array is superior among the BPD topologies under the considered PSTCs.
Abstract: This article investigates the performance of serial-parallel (SP) configuration of photovoltaic (PV) array under artificial arrangement for partial shading conditions (PSCs). The concept of bypass diode (BPD) is a very attractive solution to reduce the shading effect on the PV module and therefore gives better performance in such shading environment types. Various bypass diode integration (BPD) placement topologies with the solar photovoltaic (PV) modules are being investigated to demonstrate the improved performance under PSCs in the current work. The sixteen PV modules arranged in SP configuration are associated with the BPD Topologies such as (a) Without bypass diode (W–BPD) (b), Single string- single bypass diode (SS–SBPD) (c) Single string- double bypass diode (SS–DBPD) (d) Series group- bypass diode (G–BPD) (e) Staggered group- bypass diode (SG–BPD) (f) Multi level-octal bypass diode (ML–OBPD) for performance investigation. The performance assessment for all PV array supported by BPD topologies has been investigated using current–voltage (I–V) and power–voltage (P–V) characteristics and comparing to show better power and voltage results at global maximum power point (GMPP), improved fill factor and minimized power losses etc. The results presented may be recommended for the appropriate PV array configuration interconnection of BPD. Overall, this article reports that the ML–OBPD based SP configured PV array is superior among the BPD topologies under the considered PSTCs.
6 citations
Cites background from "A novel approach to improve power o..."
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TL;DR: In this article, the electrical behavior of total cross tied (TCT), SuDoKu (SDK), and killer-SDK (KSDK) configurations under several shading conditions is investigated.
Abstract: This paper investigates the electrical behavior of total cross tied (TCT), SuDoKu (SDK) and killer-SDK (KSDK) configurations under several shading conditions. Three different types of bypass diode (BD) arrangements for these PV arrays (PVAs) have been reported and the considered different BD arrangements are without BD (WBD), non-overlapped BD (NBD) and overlapped BD (OBD). Due to the occurrence of shading situations, the investigation of excess current for various BD based PVA configurations has been carried out. In the present work, maximum prospecting values of excess current for PV modules and arrays are also reported. Moreover, comparative analysis between WBD, NBD and OBD based PVA configurations has been presented using P–V and I–V characteristics. Also, investigation has been extended in terms of reduction of excess current, power dissipation, power improvement, energy savings and earnings. The presented results may be used as a suggestion for appropriate BD interconnection for the chosen PVA configurations. Overall, it is reported in this article that the NBD based KSDK PVA configuration is superior to WBD, OBD and NBD based TCT and SDK PVA configurations.
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TL;DR: In this article , the phase synchronization control technique of shunt active power filter (SAPF) is discussed in a power system and the results of the study may be used as a guideline and source of information for determining the best method for synchronising SAPF with the associated power system.
Abstract: Received Jun 23, 2022 Revised Sep 8, 2022 Accepted Sep 27, 2022 The phase synchronization control technique of shunt active power filter (SAPF) is discussed in this article. Due to the harmful effects of harmonic currents on power systems, the issue of decreasing their effects has generated a lot of research. A SAPF is acknowledged as the most dependable instrument in this area. The SAPF will detects the current harmonics present in the power system and also generates and injects the corrective current mitigation in the power system to reduce the current harmonics. This implies that, aside from the capacity to create compensating current, it is more essential to ensure that the SAPF can work in phase with the operational power system so that the compensating current will properly injected. As a result, while constructing SAPF control algorithms, correct synchronisation techniques must be incorporated. In this article, the different types of phase synchronization approach have been discussed such as phaselocked loop (PLL), adaptive linear neuron (Adaline), and unit vector. The results of the study may be used as a guideline and source of information for determining the best method for synchronising SAPF with the associated power system.
Patent•
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27 Sep 2018
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the characteristics of the environment in which they live and describe their experiences in their home country of Japan:ソーラー・セルが不具合を起こした.
Abstract: ソーラー・セルの物理行が不具合を起こしたときモジュールの電気的遮断を防ぐように事前に構成された、電力を発生させるためのソーラー・アレイ・モジュール・システム。モジュールは、平易な十字形マトリクス内で電気的に相互接続された、ソーラー・セルのＸ物理行およびＹ列のマトリクスを含む。物理マトリクスの列は、ＹＬ列と番号付けされた第１の側、およびＹ−ＹＬ列と番号付けされた第２の側に分割される。第１の側は、第２の側のセルに対して物理的に反転されるセルを含む。列ＹＬの１＋ｎ番目の物理行内のセルの負の側は、列ＹＬ＋１のＸ−ｎ番目の物理行内のセルの負の側に電気的に接続される（０≦ｎ＜Ｘ）。列ＹＬのＸ番目の物理行内のセルの正の側は、列ＹＬ＋１の１番目の物理行内のセルの正の側に電気的に接続される。【選択図】 図４
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TL;DR: In this article, a new reconfiguration scheme for maximum power output along with effective shade dispersion, lower voltage drops and lesser cost of cables is proposed, and the consequences of its applicability at field are evaluated.
Abstract: Obtaining maximum power output even under adverse contributing factors is the main aim of all reconfiguration techniques that have been reported in literature. Although various attempt has been made to harness maximum energy via physical or electrical PV panel reconfiguration techniques. All these reconfiguration techniques increase the value of output power either by physical or electrical relocation of panel within a column or by placing it at a suitable position in the entire PV array. The placement of PV panel or reconnection of the PV panel at a new location is inspired by some optimization algorithm or by some pattern. This paper proposes a new reconfiguration scheme for maximum power output along with effective shade dispersion, lower voltage drops and lesser cost of cables. Paper also attempted to analyse the pragmatic aspect of PV modules connected under different reconfiguration schemes namely Series Parallel (SP), Total Cross Tied (TCT), Odd-Even (OE), Odd-Even-Prime (OEP), LU SHO, Sudoku etc. and evaluates the consequences of its applicability at field. Although the various reconfiguration scheme has reported to increase the output current and thereby the output power but the increase in capital cost of cables, voltage drop and power losses outweighs the increase in output current and power. Also, if the distance between the rooftop PV array and the location of the String Combiner Unit (SCU) is large, then loses will even be more. A comparative analysis of different reconfiguration techniques under various parameters is performed.
References
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TL;DR: A novel algorithm to track the global power peak under partially shaded conditions and a feedforward control scheme for operating the DC-DC converter is proposed, which uses the reference voltage information from the tracking algorithm to shift the operation toward the MPP.
Abstract: Current-voltage and power-voltage characteristics of large photovoltaic (PV) arrays under partially shaded conditions are characterized by multiple steps and peaks. This makes the tracking of the actual maximum power point (MPP) [global peak (GP)] a difficult task. In addition, most of the existing schemes are unable to extract maximum power from the PV array under these conditions. This paper proposes a novel algorithm to track the global power peak under partially shaded conditions. The formulation of the algorithm is based on several critical observations made out of an extensive study of the PV characteristics and the behavior of the global and local peaks under partially shaded conditions. The proposed algorithm works in conjunction with a DC-DC converter to track the GP. In order to accelerate the tracking speed, a feedforward control scheme for operating the DC-DC converter is also proposed, which uses the reference voltage information from the tracking algorithm to shift the operation toward the MPP. The tracking time with this controller is about one-tenth as compared to a conventional controller. All the observations and conclusions, including simulation and experimental results, are presented.
906 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a novel MPPT method capable of RMPPT under partially shaded conditions (PSCs) is proposed, which is analyzed according to the RMPP position and verified by simulation and experimental results.
Abstract: Conventional popular maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods are effective under uniform solar irradiance. However, under solar irradiance mismatching conditions [partially shaded conditions (PSCs)], these MPPTs can fail for real MPPT (RMPPT), because multiple local maxima can be exhibited on the power-voltage characteristic curve. Although some researchers have worked on RMPPT under partial shading conditions, the methods have some drawbacks in terms of complexity and requirements for additional circuits, etc. In this paper, a novel MPPT method capable of RMPPT under PSCs is proposed. The performance of the proposed MPPT method is analyzed according to the RMPP position and is verified by simulation and experimental results.
427 citations
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TL;DR: A dynamical electrical array reconfiguration strategy is applied on the photovoltaic generator of a grid-connected PV system based on a plant-oriented configuration in order to improve its energy production when the operating conditions of the solar panels are different.
Abstract: This paper applies a dynamical electrical array reconfiguration (EAR) strategy on the photovoltaic (PV) generator of a grid-connected PV system based on a plant-oriented configuration, in order to improve its energy production when the operating conditions of the solar panels are different. The EAR strategy is carried out by inserting a controllable switching matrix between the PV generator and the central inverter, which allows the electrical reconnection of the available PV modules. As a result, the PV system exhibits a self-capacity for real-time adaptation to the PV generator external operating conditions and improves the energy extraction of the system. Experimental results are provided to validate the proposed approach.
412 citations
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TL;DR: A survey of the proposed approaches in each category of modified MPPT techniques that properly detect the global MPP is surveyed and a brief discussion of their characteristics is provided.
Abstract: Partial shading in photovoltaic (PV) arrays renders conventional maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques ineffective. The reduced efficiency of shaded PV arrays is a significant obstacle in the rapid growth of the solar power systems. Thus, addressing the output power mismatch and partial shading effects is of paramount value. Extracting the maximum power of partially shaded PV arrays has been widely investigated in the literature. The proposed solutions can be categorized into four main groups. The first group includes modified MPPT techniques that properly detect the global MPP. They include power curve slope, load-line MPPT, dividing rectangles techniques, the power increment technique, instantaneous operating power optimization, Fibonacci search, neural networks, and particle swarm optimization. The second category includes different array configurations for interconnecting PV modules, namely series-parallel, total-cross-tie, and bridge-link configurations. The third category includes different PV system architectures, namely centralized architecture, series-connected microconverters, parallel-connected microconverters, and microinverters. The fourth category includes different converter topologies, namely multilevel converters, voltage injection circuits, generation control circuits, module-integrated converters, and multiple-input converters. This paper surveys the proposed approaches in each category and provides a brief discussion of their characteristics.
396 citations
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TL;DR: A new method to track the global MPP is presented, which is based on controlling a dc/dc converter connected at the PV array output, such that it behaves as a constant input-power load.
Abstract: The power-voltage characteristic of photovoltaic (PV) arrays operating under partial-shading conditions exhibits multiple local maximum power points (MPPs). In this paper, a new method to track the global MPP is presented, which is based on controlling a dc/dc converter connected at the PV array output, such that it behaves as a constant input-power load. The proposed method has the advantage that it can be applied in either stand-alone or grid-connected PV systems comprising PV arrays with unknown electrical characteristics and does not require knowledge about the PV modules configuration within the PV array. The experimental results verify that the proposed global MPP method guarantees convergence to the global MPP under any partial-shading conditions. Compared with past-proposed methods, the global MPP tracking process is accomplished after far fewer PV array power perturbation steps.
384 citations
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