A novel Schmitt trigger and its application using a single four terminal floating nullor (FTFN)
11 Jun 2018-Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing (Springer US)-Vol. 96, Iss: 3, pp 455-467
TL;DR: A simple clock wise and counter clock wise Schmitt trigger employing single four terminal floating nullor (FTFN) with two external resistors is presented and it is extended for the application as a square and triangular wave generator, by adding an external capacitor to it.
Abstract: In this research paper, a simple clock wise and counter clock wise Schmitt trigger employing single four terminal floating nullor (FTFN) with two external resistors is presented. The proposed Schmitt trigger avails CMOS based FTFN and it is extended for the application as a square and triangular wave generator, by adding an external capacitor to it. In addition, the proposed waveform generator provides independent tunability of amplitude of square wave by implementing the passive resistors using MOS transistors which make the circuit to be integrated fully. Finally, the verification of the proposed design is verified using PSPICE to justify the theoretical analysis. Also, post layout simulation and the experimental verification using commercially available current feedback operational amplifier named as ICAD844 based implementation for FTFN are included to confirm the reliability of the circuit.
Citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a novel design for third order chaotic and hyperchaotic oscillator with cubic nonlinearity using single operational trans-resistance amplifier (OTRA) and few passive elements is reported.
Abstract: This research paper reports a novel design for third order chaotic and hyperchaotic oscillator with cubic nonlinearity using single operational trans-resistance amplifier (OTRA) and few passive elements. The key nonlinear dynamical characteristics in terms of sensitivity, divergence, equilibrium point and Lyapunov exponent are recorded in this literature. The operational activity of the proposed oscillator based on OTRA is integrated using 0.25 µm TSMC CMOS parameter. For the generation of hyperchaotic oscillator, an external capacitor is added to the third order chaotic oscillator. To justify the theoretical nonlinear dynamics of proposed chaotic oscillator, PSPICE simulation by using CMOS based OTRA and experimental investigation using IC AD844 based OTRA are well implemented.
21 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a voltage-mode Schmitt trigger based on a modified voltage differencing gain amplifier (VDGA) was proposed, which can offer both counterclockwise (CCW) and clockwise (CW) functions, without changing circuit topology.
Abstract: This article is objected to present a new fully/electronically controllable voltage-mode Schmitt trigger based on a modified voltage differencing gain amplifier (VDGA). It can offer both counterclockwise (CCW) and clockwise (CW) functions, without changing circuit topology. The proposed Schmitt trigger comprises merely one VDGA and three resistors. The hysteresis and amplitude of the output voltage of proposed Schmitt trigger can be independently controlled by corresponding bias currents of the VDGA. The modified VDGA was designed by a fully balanced differential transconductance technique based on 0.35 µm CMOS transistor technology, providing advantages in high gain, wide range of adjustability and symmetrical output signals. The performances of proposed Schmitt trigger were deeply investigated by not only simulation via PSpice program, but also experimental setup using commercially available integrated circuits. Both results agree well with the theoretical anticipation and are consistent each other. The total power consumption is approximately 1.39 mW at ± 1.5 V power supply. Additionally, to prove the practical use-abilities of the proposed Schmitt trigger, its applications in a voltage-mode relaxation oscillator, a triangular/square wave generator and a pulse width modulator are also included.
13 citations
24 Jun 2020
TL;DR: This paper presents electronically tunable Schmitt trigger circuit based on voltage differencing gain amplifier (VDGA) that can be independently controlled by corresponding bias currents of the VDGA.
Abstract: This paper presents electronically tunable Schmitt trigger circuit based on voltage differencing gain amplifier (VDGA). The circuit comprises only 1 VDGA without any passive element. The threshold and output voltage levels of the proposed Schmitt trigger can be independently controlled by corresponding bias currents of the VDGA. The performance verification of proposed Schmitt trigger is depicted by PSpice simulation program with the model parameter 0.35μm CMOS process. The obtained results confirm the theoretical expectation. The total power consumption approximately 0.25mW, at ±1.5V. This proposed Schmitt trigger can further be used in control systems and signal generators.
8 citations
Cites background from "A novel Schmitt trigger and its app..."
... Need of inverted signal (an inverter is required) [19]....
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01 Jun 2019
TL;DR: A robust square wave generator employing a sole capacitor and two resistors has been presented in this paper, where the operating frequency of the proposed model was analyzed with respect to the passive components present there, with no exposure of output signals to the thermal voltage (VT).
Abstract: A robust square wave generator employing a sole capacitor and two resistors has been presented in this study. Low power as well as popular translinear circuit scheme of Second generation current controlled current conveyor-CCCII has been taken as an active element to implement the proposed square wave generator. CCCII inhibits promising features like availability of three mutually independently and electronically adjustable parameters corresponding transconductance (gm), intrinsic resistance (r) of the current input terminal and current gain between two terminals) that are very prevalent for control applications accepted currently. The operating frequency of the proposed model has been analyzed with respect to the passive components present there, with no exposure of output signals to the thermal voltage (VT). Electrical/Device properties (like Noise, Threshold, area etc.) of the proposed circuit have also been discussed in this work. The simulation work was carried out on Synopsis Hspice tool (v-2008.03) from Avant. Satisfying results with anticipation of theoretical and simulated results, including precision (consistency assessment) with Pareto analysis (Ist order Best Test flavored by Decision making analysis) were observed during the study. The 45 nm BSIM CMOS modelling parameters were adopted to prove the theory. The elementary purpose of using such parameters is to maximize the circuit drive and lowering the leakage current. Another purpose of using these modelling parameters is to enhance the realization of the proposed circuit in the form of chip die and further get it fabricated in custom Integrated circuit(IC) form, from a Standard local foundry. Maximum power consumption of the circuit is 600 µW, with ± 1 V rail to rail operating voltages.
7 citations
01 Jan 2020
TL;DR: In this article, a tunable sinusoidal oscillator using current-controlled differential difference current conveyor (CCDDCC) with grounded capacitor and resistor is presented, which is suitable for high-frequency operation and electronically tunable frequency of oscillation (FO) using bias current of CCDDCC.
Abstract: This paper reports a tunable sinusoidal oscillator using current-controlled differential difference current conveyor (CCDDCC) with grounded capacitor and resistor. The proposed oscillator circuit has the following advantages, viz. minimum number of active components, suitable for high-frequency operation and electronically tunable frequency of oscillation (FO) and condition of oscillation (CO) using bias current of CCDDCC. The workability test has been examined using PSpice with 0.18 μm CMOS technology.
3 citations
References
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TL;DR: This correspondence introduces another new building block embodying the current conveying concept, but with different and more versatile terminal characteristics, considered to be a secondgeneration current conveyor.
Abstract: A recent publication [l] introduced the concept of current conveying and an implementation in the form of a circuit building block termed the current conveyor (CC). This block has proven to be useful in many inst.rumentation applications, some of which have already been test)ed and reported [2], [3], while others are still under investigation. This correspondence introduces another new building block embodying the current conveying concept, but with different and more versatile terminal characteristics. This new block is considered to be a secondgeneration current conveyor,1 and h.ence is termed CC II.2 Application of CC II to the areas of active network synthesis and analog computation will be considered..
1,386 citations
01 Jan 1993
TL;DR: This book discusses current-mode Circuits from a Translinear Viewpoint, as well as applications of current-copier circuits, and the future of Analogue Integrated Circuit Design.
Abstract: * Chapter 1: Introduction * Chapter 2: Current-mode Circuits From A Translinear Viewpoint: A Tutorial * Chapter 3: Current Conveyor Theory And Practice * Chapter 4: Universal Current-Mode Analogue Amplifiers * Chapter 5: High Frequency CMOS Transconductors * Chapter 6: Bipolar Current Mirrors * Chapter 7: Dynamic Current Mirrors * Chapter 8: Gallium Arsenide Analogue Integrated Circuit Design Techniques * Chapter 9: Continuous-Time Filters * Chapter 10: Continuous-time and Switched Capacitor Monolithic Filters Based on LCR Filter Simulation using Current and Charge Variables * Chapter 11: Switched-Current Filters * Chapter 12: Analog Interface Circuits For VLSI * Chapter 13: Current Mode A/D and D/A Converters * Chapter 14: Applications of current-copier circuits * Chapter 15: Integrated Current Conveyor * Chapter 16: Applying 'Current Feedback' to Voltage Amplifiers * Chapter 17: Neural Network Building Blocks for Analog MOS VLSI * Chapter 18: Future of Analogue Integrated Circuit Design
1,382 citations
TL;DR: In this article, two basic implementations for current-controlled first-order transfer functions, operating either in voltage-mode or in current-mode, are described, which require one or two of the preceding controlled conveyors and use capacitors only.
Abstract: When the mixed translinear loop is used in a voltage follower implementation the value of its output resistance depends on its bias current. This property is used in the realization of a current controlled conveyor (CCCII), which has therefore its serial resistance on port X controlled by the bias current. The two basic implementations, that allow from a CCCII and without additive resistances to realize controlled voltage-current converters, are described. A current-controlled voltage-amplifier and a current-controlled current-amplifier are then analyzed. They are implemented from only two CCCIIs and do not require any passive component. The principal implementations for current controlled first-order transfer functions, operating either in voltage-mode or in current-mode, are introduced. They require one or two of the preceding controlled conveyors and use capacitors only. SPICE simulation results, obtained using the parameters of the HF3CMOS process from SGS THOMSON, are given for the CCCII and for its main applications. They confirm the validity of the theoretical analyzes and also underline the high frequency potential of the current controlled implementations introduced. A second-order bandpass filter, operating in voltage-mode, is also described. It is obtained from CCCIIs and two capacitors only. Its centre frequency, which is adjustable by acting on the control currents of the conveyors, is equal to 11.3 MHz for I/sub 0/=20 /spl mu/A and to 16.6 MHz for I/sub 0/=30 /spl mu/A. This variation produces very small changes in both the quality factor and the gain (variations less than 7%). Comparisons between existing OTA circuits and the ones implemented from controlled conveyors, are also given. They underline the advantage which result from implementations using controlled conveyors.
508 citations