A Packet Fluctuation-Based OLSR and Efficient Parameters-Based OLSR Routing Protocols for Urban Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks
18 Jan 2020-pp 79-87
TL;DR: Here, vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) has become a recognized, emerging technology and is based on the concept of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) and here, the complications of routing in VANETs are brought into account.
Abstract: Today, vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) has become a recognized, emerging technology and is based on the concept of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). Here, we bring into account the complications of routing in VANETs. Street-Centric QoS-OLSR convention uses urban-based QoS metric for the choice of OLSR MPR determination. It also uses various link as well as street-centric parameters. Our proposed OLSR protocol uses two main routing protocols. They are: packet fluctuation-based OLSR routing protocol (P-OLSR) and efficient parameter optimization-based OLSR routing protocols (E-OLSR). In the case of P-OLSR, we allot different slots to different packets to avoid congestion and error-free transmission. In the case of E-OLSR, we use load balancing and routing the path to avoid problems in routing the packets. Simulation conducted by NS-3 simulator shows that our proposed P-OLSR and E-OLSR routing protocols outperform street-centric QoS-OLSR convention. Different parameters assessed are throughput, packet delivery ratio (PDR), average hop count as well as end-to-end delay.
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: An improved harmony search optimization (EHSO) algorithm that considers the configuration of the OLSR parameters by coupling two stages, a procedure for optimization carried out by the EHSO algorithm based on embedding two popular selection methods in its memory, namely, roulette wheel selection and tournament selection.
Abstract: Vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) is the direct application of mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) in which the nodes represent vehicles moving in a city or highway scenario. The deployment of VANET relies on routing protocols to transmit the information between the nodes. Different routing protocols that have been designed for MANET were proposed to be applied in VANET. However, the real-time implementation is still facing challenges to fulfill the quality of service (QoS) of VANET. Therefore, this study mainly focuses on the well-known MANET proactive optimized link state routing (OLSR) protocol. The OLSR in VANET gives a moderate performance; this is due to its necessity of maintaining an updated routing table for all possible routes. The performance of OLSR is highly dependent on its parameter. Thus, finding optimal parameter configurations that best fit VANET features and improve its quality of services is essential before its deployment. The harmony search (HS) is an emerging metaheuristic optimization algorithm with features of simplicity and exploration efficiency. Therefore, this paper aims to propose an improved harmony search optimization (EHSO) algorithm that considers the configuration of the OLSR parameters by coupling two stages, a procedure for optimization carried out by the EHSO algorithm based on embedding two popular selection methods in its memory, namely, roulette wheel selection and tournament selection. The experimental analysis shows that the proposed approach has achieved the QoS requirement, compared to the existing algorithms.
21 citations
Cites background from "A Packet Fluctuation-Based OLSR and..."
...[28, 29] addressed the issue of the MPR node disconnection because of the mobility present in the VANETs with the QoS-OLSR Table 2: Predefined OLSR parameters [15]....
[...]
TL;DR: The proposed system is based on a model of VANET involving interaction with aerial nodes (UAVs) for efficient data delivery and better performance and plays important role in minimizing the MAC/PHY and enhancing the average throughput along with average packet delivery ratio.
Abstract: IoV is the latest application of VANET and is the alliance of Internet and IoT. With the rapid progress in technology, people are searching for a traffic environment where they would have maximum collaboration with their surroundings which comprise other vehicles. It has become a necessity to find such a traffic environment where we have less traffic congestion, minimum chances of a vehicular collision, minimum communication delay, fewer communication errors, and a greater message delivery ratio. For this purpose, a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) was devised where vehicles were communicating with each other in an infrastructureless environment. In VANET, vehicles communicate in an ad hoc manner and communicate with each other to deliver messages, for infotainment purposes or for warning other vehicles about emergency scenarios. Unmanned aerial vehicle- (UAV-) assisted VANET is one of the emerging fields nowadays. For VANET’s routing efficiency, several routing protocols are being used like optimized link state routing (OLSR) protocol, ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocol, and destination-sequenced distance vector (DSDV) protocol. To meet the need of the upcoming era of artificial intelligence, researchers are working to improve the route optimization problems in VANETs by employing UAVs. The proposed system is based on a model of VANET involving interaction with aerial nodes (UAVs) for efficient data delivery and better performance. Comparisons of traditional routing protocols with UAV-based protocols have been made in the scenario of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication. Later on, communication of vehicles via aerial nodes has been studied for the same purpose. The results have been generated through various simulations. After performing extensive simulations by varying different parameters over grid sizes of 300 × 1500 m to 300 × 6000 m, it is evident that although the traditional DSDV routing protocol performs 14% better than drone-assisted destination-sequenced distance vector (DA-DSDV) when we have number of sinks equal to 25, the performance of drone-assisted optimized link state routing (DA-OLSR) protocol is 0.5% better than that of traditional OLSR, whereas drone-assisted ad hoc on-demand distance vector (DA-AODV) performs 22% better than traditional AODV. Moreover, if we increase the number of sinks up to 50, it can be clearly seen that the DA-AODV outperforms the rest of the routing protocols by up to 60% (either traditional routing protocol or drone-assisted routing protocol). In addition, for parameters like MAC/PHY overhead and packet delivery ratio, the performance of our proposed drone-assisted variants of protocols is also better than that of the traditional routing protocols. These results show that our proposed strategy performs better than the traditional VANET protocols and plays important role in minimizing the MAC/PHY and enhancing the average throughput along with average packet delivery ratio.
15 citations
Cites methods from "A Packet Fluctuation-Based OLSR and..."
...Prakash used variant of two protocols [26]: the first protocol that has been used is P-OLSR for avoiding congestion, and the second is E-OLSR for balancing load and optimizing path....
[...]
7 citations
03 Jul 2020
TL;DR: The proposed Bioinspired Routing Protocol finds an optimal gateway and base station in order to route the service request from the service requester to the global server.
Abstract: VANET is used in vehicular communication, as two ways are: Inner-vehicle communication and station-based communication. It includes the link stability protocol is used for node communication purposes but is not efficient to handle the dynamic functionalities, and also the Source routing has relatively static and therefore cannot optimize using proactive hop-by-hop communication, and route selection is not efficiently done also sometimes the delay on processing occurs in it, so the proposed concept of Bio-inspiring algorithm is used to overcome issues in the existing algorithm. It is used to minimize the packet loss and delay in the VANET environment. The proposed Bioinspired Routing Protocol finds an optimal gateway and base station in order to route the service request from the service requester to the global server. The primary purpose of gateway selection is to promote only the valid source for productive communication purposes with the base station. It is used to promote efficient routing over the networking nodes. The software-defined networking (SDN) is used in the VANET sources to stabilize the networking topologies
6 citations
SIDI1
TL;DR: This work consists of applying the vocie over IP protocol to the MANETs and studying the performance of the network when it uses the OLSR and the TORA protocols.
Abstract: Mobile ad hoc network are new generation of networks based on no pre-existing infrastructure, these type of networks are used a lot for collaboration between staff members in train stations, airports, and even in military applications, the MANETs have a lot of routing protocols, and choosing the most suitable for the network becomes a serious problem. Our works consists of applying the vocie over IP protocol to the MANETs and studying the performance of the network when it uses the OLSR and the TORA protocols.
2 citations
References
More filters
01 Oct 2003
TL;DR: The Optimized Link State Routing protocol is an optimization of the classical link state algorithm tailored to the requirements of a mobile wireless LAN and provides optimal routes (in terms of number of hops).
Abstract: This document describes the Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol for mobile ad hoc networks. The protocol is an optimization of the classical link state algorithm tailored to the requirements of a mobile wireless LAN. The key concept used in the protocol is that of multipoint relays (MPRs). MPRs are selected nodes which forward broadcast messages during the flooding process. This technique substantially reduces the message overhead as compared to a classical flooding mechanism, where every node retransmits each message when it receives the first copy of the message. In OLSR, link state information is generated only by nodes elected as MPRs. Thus, a second optimization is achieved by minimizing the number of control messages flooded in the network. As a third optimization, an MPR node may chose to report only links between itself and its MPR selectors. Hence, as contrary to the classic link state algorithm, partial link state information is distributed in the network. This information is then used for route calculation. OLSR provides optimal routes (in terms of number of hops). The protocol is particularly suitable for large and dense networks as the technique of MPRs works well in this context.
5,442 citations
01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: Urethane prepolymer compositions are made from 1- isocyanato-3-isocyanatomethyl-3,5,5-trimethyl cyclohexane and polyols at a total NCO to OH ratio of at least 1.2:1, and the prepolymers are reacted with cycloaliphatic polyamines to give urea-urethanes.
1,912 citations
03 Nov 2004
TL;DR: This paper proposes a distributed and scalable algorithm that eliminates congestion within a sensor network, and that ensures the fair delivery of packets to a central node, or base station, and says that fairness is achieved when equal number of packets are received from each node.
Abstract: In this paper we propose a distributed and scalable algorithm that eliminates congestion within a sensor network, and that ensures the fair delivery of packets to a central node, or base station. We say that fairness is achieved when equal number of packets are received from each node. Since in general we have many sensors transmitting data to the base station, we consider the scenario where we have many-to-one multihop routing, noting that it can easily be extended to unicast or many-to-many routing. Such routing structures often result in the sensors closer to the base station experiencing congestion, which inevitably cause packets originating from sensors further away from the base station to have a higher probability of being dropped. Our algorithm exists in the transport layer of the traditional network stack model, and is designed to work with any MAC protocol in the data-link layer with minor modifications. Our solution is scalable, each sensor mote requires state proportional to the number of its neighbors. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our solution with both simulations and actual implementation in UC Berkeley's sensor motes.
541 citations
TL;DR: Performance analysis and simulation results show that the proposed model can maintain the network stability, reduce the end-to-end delay, increase the packet delivery ratio, and reduce the communications overhead.
159 citations
TL;DR: This paper builds a link model with a Wiener process to predict the probability of link availability, which considers the stable and unstable vehicle states according to the behavior of vehicles, and introduces a novel concept called the link correlation which represents the influence of different link combinations in network topology to transmit a packet with less network resource consumption and higher goodput.
Abstract: In urban vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), due to the high mobility and uneven distribution of vehicles, how to select an optimal relaying node in an intra-street and how to determine a street selection at the intersection are two challenging issues in designing an efficient routing protocol in complex urban environments. In this paper, we build a link model with a Wiener process to predict the probability of link availability, which considers the stable and unstable vehicle states according to the behavior of vehicles. We introduce a novel concept called the link correlation which represents the influence of different link combinations in network topology to transmit a packet with less network resource consumption and higher goodput. Based on this concept, we design an opportunistic routing metric called the expected transmission cost over a multi-hop path (ETCoP) implemented with our link model as the selection guidance of a relaying node in intra-streets. This metric can also provide assistance for the next street selection at an intersection. Finally, we propose a street-centric opportunistic routing protocol based on ETCoP for VANETs (SRPE). Simulation results show that our proposed SRPE outperforms the conventional protocols in terms of packet delivery ratio, average end-to-end delay, and network yield.
116 citations