A paper based microfluidic device for the detection of arsenic using a gold nanosensor
TL;DR: A paper-based microfluidic device is fabricated that can rapidly detect very low concentrations of As3+ ions using a gold nanosensor, Au-TA-TG as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A paper based microfluidic device is fabricated that can rapidly detect very low concentrations of As3+ ions using a gold nanosensor, Au–TA–TG. This simple but efficient system develops a visible bluish-black colour precipitate due to the formation of nanoparticle aggregates through transverse diffusive mixing of Au–TA–TG with As3+ ions on a paper substrate. The approach is extremely selective for arsenic with a detection limit of 1.0 ppb, which is lower than the WHO's reference standard for drinking water.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present fabrication techniques for microfluidic devices and their respective applications for biological detection as reported to date, and main advantages, disadvantages and future trends for the devices are also discussed in this review.
423 citations
Cites background from "A paper based microfluidic device f..."
...Nath et al. (2014) designed a compound of Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) coupled with thioctic acid (TA) and thioguanine (TG) molecules which could show visible bluish-black color precipitate due to the formation of nanoparticle aggregates through transverse diffusive mixing of Au-TA-TG with As3þ ions on…...
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TL;DR: This review highlights recent applications of μPADs for environmental analysis along with technical advances that may enable μPads to be more widely implemented in field testing.
Abstract: The field of paper-based microfluidics has experienced rapid growth over the past decade. Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs), originally developed for point-of-care medical diagnostics in resource-limited settings, are now being applied in new areas, such as environmental analyses. Low-cost paper sensors show great promise for on-site environmental analysis; the theme of ongoing research complements existing instrumental techniques by providing high spatial and temporal resolution for environmental monitoring. This review highlights recent applications of μPADs for environmental analysis along with technical advances that may enable μPADs to be more widely implemented in field testing.
232 citations
TL;DR: A review of state-of-the-art detection methods for microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) can be found in this paper, where the authors describe the materials, fabrication methods and driving mechanisms employed in these devices.
Abstract: This review reports on recent advances in state-of-the-art detection methods for microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs). The review commences by describing the materials, fabrication methods and driving mechanisms employed in μPADs. The review then explores the main detection methods and applications of μPADs proposed over the past five years. The discussions focus on seven detection technologies, namely (1) colorimetric detection, (2) fluorescent detection, (3) electrochemical detection and photoelectrochemical detection, (4) chemiluminescent detection, (5) electrochemiluminescent detection, (6) nanoparticle-based detection, and (7) spectrometry detection. Overall, the review provides a useful insight into recent advances in the μPAD detection field and serves as a useful source of reference for further research and innovation in the field.
195 citations
TL;DR: This review compares and categorizes recent reports on detection of heavy metals using paper-based microfluidic devices on the basis of various detection mechanisms, such as colorimetric, fluorescent, and electrochemical methods.
174 citations
Cites background from "A paper based microfluidic device f..."
...Adapted with permission from 361 (Nath et al. 2014)....
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...For instance, 352 Nath and cowokers have successfully detected trace level of As 3+ ions with nanoparticles in a 353 µPAD (Nath et al. 2014)....
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TL;DR: Recently reported microfluidic paper-based analytical devices that incorporate different detection methods such as colorimetric, electrochemical, fluorescence, chemiluminescence, and electrochemilumineinescence techniques for food and water analysis are reviewed.
Abstract: Food and water contamination cause safety and health concerns to both animals and humans. Conventional methods for monitoring food and water contamination are often laborious and require highly skilled technicians to perform the measurements, making the quest for developing simpler and cost-effective techniques for rapid monitoring incessant. Since the pioneering works of Whitesides’ group from 2007, interest has been strong in the development and application of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) for food and water analysis, which allow easy, rapid and cost-effective point-of-need screening of the targets. This paper reviews recently reported μPADs that incorporate different detection methods such as colorimetric, electrochemical, fluorescence, chemiluminescence, and electrochemiluminescence techniques for food and water analysis.
153 citations
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...[23] presented a sensing system that could detect As3+ ions using gold nanoparticles chemically conjugated with thioctic acid (TA) and thioguanine (TG) molecules on paper....
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1,998 citations
TL;DR: Current work in commercializing microfluidic technologies is reviewed, with a focus on point-of-care diagnostics applications, and the need to strike a balance between achieving real-world impact with integrated devices versus design of novel single microfluidity components is discussed.
Abstract: A large part of the excitement behind microfluidics is in its potential for producing practical devices, but surprisingly few lab-on-a-chip based technologies have been successfully introduced into the market. Here, we review current work in commercializing microfluidic technologies, with a focus on point-of-care diagnostics applications. We will also identify challenges to commercialization, including lessons drawn from our experience in Claros Diagnostics. Moving forward, we discuss the need to strike a balance between achieving real-world impact with integrated devices versus design of novel single microfluidic components.
1,016 citations
TL;DR: At the current stage of its development, paper-based microfluidic system is claimed to be low-cost, easy-to-use, disposable, and equipment-free, and therefore, is a rising technology particularly relevant to improving the healthcare and disease screening in the developing world, especially for those areas with no- or low-infrastructure and limited trained medical and health professionals.
Abstract: “Paper-based microfluidics” or “lab on paper,” as a burgeoning research field with its beginning in 2007, provides a novel system for fluid handling and fluid analysis for a variety of applications including health diagnostics, environmental monitoring as well as food quality testing. The reasons why paper becomes an attractive substrate for making microfluidic systems include: (1) it is a ubiquitous and extremely cheap cellulosic material; (2) it is compatible with many chemical/biochemical/medical applications; and (3) it transports liquids using capillary forces without the assistance of external forces. By building microfluidic channels on paper, liquid flow is confined within the channels, and therefore, liquid flow can be guided in a controlled manner. A variety of 2D and even 3D microfluidic channels have been created on paper, which are able to transport liquids in the predesigned pathways on paper. At the current stage of its development, paper-based microfluidic system is claimed to be low-cost, easy-to-use, disposable, and equipment-free, and therefore, is a rising technology particularly relevant to improving the healthcare and disease screening in the developing world, especially for those areas with no- or low-infrastructure and limited trained medical and health professionals. The research in paper-based microfluidics is experiencing a period of explosion; most published works have focused on: (1) inventing low-cost and simple fabrication techniques for paper-based microfluidic devices; and (2) exploring new applications of paper-based microfluidics by incorporating efficient detection methods. This paper aims to review both the fabrication techniques and applications of paper-based microfluidics reported to date. This paper also attempts to convey to the readers, from the authors’ point of view the current limitations of paper-based microfluidics which require further research, and a few perspective directions this new analytical system may take in its development.
728 citations
TL;DR: Methods that allow target molecules to be detected with the unaided eye are focused on because these, more than any other, harness the full range of properties that make GNPs unique.
Abstract: The widespread use of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) as labels in diagnostics and detection is due to a unique combination of chemical and physical properties that allow biological molecules to be detected at low concentrations. In this critical reviewdetection methods based on GNPs are divided up and discussed based on the way in which signals are generated in response to specific target molecules. Particular attention is devoted to methods that allow target molecules to be detected with the unaided eye because these, more than any other, harness the full range of properties that make GNPs unique. Methods that are discussed include those in which specific target molecules induce a visible colour change, chromatographic methods that allow non-specialized users to perform sophisticated tests without additional equipment and methods in which trace amounts of GNPs are rendered visible to the unaided eye by catalytic deposition of a metal such as silver. The use of metal deposition as a means of enhancing the signal for optical and electrical detection is also reviewed. The other detection methods included in this review are based on interactions between GNPs and molecules located in close proximity to their surface. These include methods in which light emission from such molecules is enhanced (surface enhanced Raman scattering) or quenched (fluorescence), and methods in which the accumulation of specific target molecules induce subtle changes in the extinction spectra of GNPs that can be followed in real time with inexpensive equipment (166 references).
613 citations
TL;DR: The combination of simple Electrochemical Micro-Paper-based Analytical Devices (EµPADs) with commercially available glucometers allows rapid, quantitative electrochemical analysis of a number of compounds relevant to human health in blood or urine.
Abstract: The combination of simple Electrochemical Micro-Paper-based Analytical Devices (EµPADs) with commercially available glucometers allows rapid, quantitative electrochemical analysis of a number of compounds relevant to human health (e.g., glucose, cholesterol, lactate, and alcohol) in blood or urine.
471 citations