A passive cooling system of residential and commercial buildings in summer or hot season
22 Dec 2015-Vol. 100, Iss: 1, pp 012031
TL;DR: In this paper, a modified-structure building is designed and constructed with solar chimney to enhance ventilation rate that increases cooling performance and ensure thermal comfort, an evaporative cooler is introduced with a newly designed room to enhance the temperature reduction capacity.
Abstract: The increasing number of high rise buildings may contribute to lack of natural ventilation in modern buildings. Generally, fans and air conditioning are used in the modern building for cooling and air ventilation. Most of the energy in tropical regions are consumed by heating, cooling and ventilation appliances. Therefore, solar power appliances for cooling, heating and ventilation will be a suitable option for saving energy from the household sector. A modified-structure building is designed and constructed with solar chimney to enhance ventilation rate that increases cooling performance and ensure thermal comfort. An evaporative cooler is introduced with a newly designed room to enhance the temperature reduction capacity. The room temperature is compared with a non-modified room as well as with ambient temperature. The results show that passive cooling system with evaporative cooler was able to reduce temperature by 5°C compared to the ambient temperature and about 2°C to 3°C below the reference room temperature.
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TL;DR: In this article , the potential of night passive cooling in an office building model in the most populated urban areas in Croatia-Zagreb and Split, which are located in two different climate zones.
Abstract: The envelope is one of the most important driving factors in the energy efficiency of buildings. Typical for office and commercial buildings, curtain wall facades allow solar heat gains to be used during the winter but can lead to difficulties in reducing the cooling load during summer. The cooling load is dominant in most building types in the temperate maritime climate, while in the temperate continental climate, it is dominant mainly in office and commercial buildings. The goal of this research was to determine the potential of night passive cooling in an office building model in the most populated urban areas in Croatia-Zagreb and Split, which are located in two different climate zones. Suitable to the climate on-site, an appropriate building envelope and various types of passive and mechanical ventilation systems were selected for each location and case. Additional factors included and analysed were climate conditions, heat gains, the heat accumulation of the building, night ventilation through openings, unwanted air infiltration, and cooling loads. Through a detailed description of the model, passive cooling potential calculations, and Computer Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations, the results showed a potential of up to 43.5% savings in the cooling energy need for the temperate continental climate and 32.2% in the temperate marine climate. It was found from the analysis that night ventilation is expected to cool down the building enough to delay a need for cooling by several hours and improve fresh air requirements, thus saving power for cooling, and effectively reducing the need for air conditioning.
1 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an automatic active cooling system for a solar panel with a real-time energy monitoring system with internet-of-things (IoT) facility is presented. But, the authors did not consider the effect of irradiance toward solar in terms of sunlight intensity on the efficiency of the solar panel.
Abstract: Harvesting energy from the sun makes the photovoltaic (PV) power generation a promising technology. To obtain a consistent state of charge (SOC), consistent energy must be harvested and efficiently directed to the battery. Overcharging or undercharging phenomena decreases the lifetime of the battery. Besides, the effect of irradiance toward solar in term of sunlight intensity effects the efficiency and hence, sluggish the SOC. The main problem of the solar panel revealed when the temperature has increased, the efficiency of solar panel will also be decreased. This manuscript reports the finding of developing an automatic active cooling system for a solar panel with a real time energy monitoring system with internet-of-things (IoT) facility. The IoT technology assists user to measure the efficiency of the solar panel and SOC of the battery in real time from any locations. The automatic active cooling system is designed to improve the efficiency of the solar panel. The effectiveness of the proposed system is proven via the analysis of the effect of active cooling toward efficiency and SOC of photovoltaic system. The results also tabulate the comparative studies of active-to-passive cooling system, as well as the effect of cooling towards SOC and efficiency of the solar panel.
1 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: A low ectoparasites infestation in captive birds in the Jos Museum Zoological Garden was revealed which was attributed to serious preening and allo-preening carried out by some bird species as means of combating ectoporasites.
Abstract: Many ectoparasites are known vectors of many diseases causing pathogens. Thus a survey of ectoparasite infesting captive birds in the Jos Museum Zoological Garden, Plateau state, north central Nigeria was carried out using direct collection method between February to July 2014. A total of 13 individuals of captive birds of non-passeriformes group belonging to 8 orders, 8 families and 13 species were sampled using five predilection sites. A total of 58 ectoparasites distributed across 3 orders were collected. Out of the 13 bird species sampled, six were found to be infested with ectoparasites. There is a significant difference (X 2 = 158.069, df = 12, P = 0.001) in ectoparasitic load in relation to birds species. There is no significant difference (X 2 = 4.069, df = 4, P = 0.39) in ectoparasitic load in relation to predilection sites. However, there is a significant difference in ectoparasitic load in relation to predilection sites of some bird species sampled (marabou stork: X 2 = 32.4286, df = 4, P = 0.001; Ostrich: = 24, df = 4, P = 0.001; crown crane: X 2 = 22.8696, df = 4, P = 0.001). The wing, back and neck are the most infested predilection sites. This study revealed a low ectoparasites infestation in captive birds in the Jos Museum Zoological Garden which was attributed to serious preening and allo-preening carried out by some bird species as means of combating ectoparasites. It is therefore important that periodic inspection be carried out to reduce incidence of ectoparasites infestation. Keywords: Captive birds, Ectoparasites, Jos, Museum, Zoological Garden
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References
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Book•
01 Mar 1996
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the fundamentals of passive cooling together with the principles and formulae necessary for its successful implementation in buildings in the EU, based on information and results compiled under the SAVE European Research Programme.
Abstract: Energy use in buildings in the EU represents about 40% of the total annual energy consumption. With greater awareness of the need to reduce energy consumption comes a growth of interest in passive cooling, particularly as an alternative to air-conditioning. This book describes the fundamentals of passive cooling together with the principles and formulae necessary for its successful implementation. The material is comprised largely of information and results compiled under the SAVE European Research Programme.
340 citations
TL;DR: In this article, three passive systems are used to cool a building in Iran: a wind tower, a domed roof and an air vent, which can even keep water cold and ice frozen from the winter until the height of the long, hot summer of the country's arid central and eastern plains.
Abstract: The internal environment of a modern building can be a comfortable one no matter how uncomfortable external environment is. In Iran certain traditional building designs achieve more than a flattening of the temperature curve; they circulate cool air through the building and can even keep water cold and ice frozen from the winter until the height of the long, hot summer of the country’s arid central and eastern plains. Three passive systems cool this building in the Iranian city of Yazd: a wind tower, a domed roof and an air vent. Although the summer days in arid regions are extremely hot, the summer nights are cool. Several features of traditional Iranian architecture are designed to take advantage of this wide daily temperature range. The wind tower operates by changing the temperature and thus the density of the air in and around the tower. Conditioning of air by a wind-tower system with an underground stream is shown in this psychrometric chart.
283 citations
"A passive cooling system of residen..." refers methods in this paper
...The earliest methods of space cooling during dry season was discussed by Bahadori in 1978 [6] and the summary of the state-of-the-art of passive cooling systems was provided by Givoni in 1991[7]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the feasibility of a solar chimney to reduce heat gain in a house by inducing natural ventilation and the effect of openings (door, window and inlet of solar chimneys) on the ventilation rate.
160 citations
"A passive cooling system of residen..." refers background in this paper
...[13] Asimakopoulos D. (2013), “Passive Cooling of Buildings”, Buildings Energy and Solar Technology, Routledge Publication [14] Khedari, J., Boonsri, B., and Hirunlabh, J., (2000), “Ventilation Impact of a Solar Chimney on Indoor Temperature Fluctuation and Air Change in a School Building”, Energy and Buildings, 32(2000) 89 -93 [15] Lal, S., Kaushik, S.C., and Bhargav, P. K. (2013) “Solar Chimney: A sustainable Approach for Ventilation and Building Space Conditioning” Internal Journal of Development and Sustainability, Volume 2, Number 1 (2013) pp 277-297....
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...(2013), “Passive Cooling of Buildings”, Buildings Energy and Solar Technology, Routledge Publication [14] Khedari, J....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarized the state of the art of passive and low-energy cooling systems for buildings: comfort ventilation, nocturnal convective cooling, radiant cooling, direct and indirect evaporative cooling, and utilization of the soil as a cooling source for buildings.
120 citations
"A passive cooling system of residen..." refers methods in this paper
...The earliest methods of space cooling during dry season was discussed by Bahadori in 1978 [6] and the summary of the state-of-the-art of passive cooling systems was provided by Givoni in 1991[7]....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the development of a solar passive system, which can provide thermal comfort throughout the year in composite climates, including hot-dry, hot-humid and cold climatic conditions.
92 citations
"A passive cooling system of residen..." refers background in this paper
...Attempt to implement passive cooling in the city buildings in New Delhiwas made in 1990’s but limited literature is found related to this study [8]....
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