A Physical Investigation of Air/Water Interactions Leading to Geyser Events in Rapid Filling Pipelines
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Cites methods or result from "A Physical Investigation of Air/Wat..."
...The CFD model is also applied to simulate a geyser event observed in the experiments of Lewis (2011), for which data are available....
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...The predicted free surface and air-water interface levels in the riser are in good agreement with the data of Lewis (2011) [Fig....
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...…aVa ¼ ðπD2=4ÞL0, volume of air in tunnel; Vw ¼ ðπD2r=4ÞH0, volume of water in riser. bDefined as the level where the air pocket breaks the free surface. cvnet = net rising velocity of air pocket in the riser, relative to the free surface. dFine mesh is used. eExperimental set up of Lewis (2011)....
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...(a) Predicted dynamics of air pocket for Dr ¼ 44 mm, D ¼ 95 mm with an upstream pressure head H0 ¼ 0.46 m (Run B16, experimental data of Lewis 2011); (b) predicted and observed free-surface level Yfs and interface level Y int; (c) predicted and observed water-column length Lw and air-pocket…...
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...As an independent check, an additional numerical experiment (Run B16) is conducted for the experimental set up of Lewis (2011)....
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21 citations
Cites background or methods from "A Physical Investigation of Air/Wat..."
...Geysers have been studied over three decades in terms of water phase only or air–water interaction (e.g. Guo & Song, 1991; Lewis, 2011; Shao, 2013; Wright et al., 2011)....
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...Furthermore, a number of laboratory experiments (e.g. Lewis, 2011; Vasconcelos, 2005) have been conducted to produce geysers, however none of these experiments produced large geyser heights as observed in the field....
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...For instance, in the experiments of Lewis (2011), the maximum geyser height achieved was 2.3 m for a 44 mm vertical pipe and 0.65 m for a 95 mm vertical pipe....
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...During intense rainfall events, CSO storage tunnels may undergo a rapid filling, leading to highly dynamic conditions and air entrapment (e.g. Hamam & McCorquodale, 1982; Leon, Ghidaoui, Schmidt, & García, 2010; Lewis, 2011; Vasconcelos, 2005; Wright, Lewis, & Vasconcelos, 2011)....
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...Hamam and McCorquodale (1982), Vasconcelos (2005) and Lewis (2011) studied the mechanisms through which air is entrapped in horizontal tunnels....
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19 citations
Cites background from "A Physical Investigation of Air/Wat..."
...Along the same reasoning of Wright et al. (2011); Lewis (2011) argued that with an “inertia-induced surge” alone, geysers cannot be explained entirely....
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...Geysers have been studied over three decades in terms of water phase only or air–water interaction (e.g. Guo & Song, 1991; Lewis, 2011; Vasconcelos, 2005; Wright et al., 2011)....
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...Geysers have been studied over three decades in terms of water phase only or air-water interaction (e.g., Guo & Song, 1991; Vasconcelos, 2005; Lewis, 2011; Wright et al., 2011)....
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References
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1,371 citations
"A Physical Investigation of Air/Wat..." refers background or methods in this paper
...Benjamin (1968) studied the migration of an air intrusion at atmospheric pressure into an emptying pipeline....
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...As observed in the study by Benjamin (1968), the general shape of a migrating air intrusion contained a nose region where the depth of air intrusion is the greatest....
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...The volume of the air pocket is a key variable and larger air pockets were capable of intruding into the water with relative velocities approaching the infinite intrusion relations developed by Benjamin (1968). The largest air pocket migrated only 9% slower than the Benjamin relation. Altogether, for a given air intrusion thickness, the observed migration velocities of discrete pockets during the capsule experiments were less than the Montes (1997) relation for an infinite intrusion....
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...Chapter 3 will discuss in more detail that the liquid velocity required to prevent upstream migration of air is proportional to the square root of diameter, as shown in Equations 2.2 and 2.3: 54.0= gD v Benjamin (1968) [2.2] 5.0)(sin56....
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...The study of Benjamin 1968 provided a broad theoretical exploration of the movement of air cavities within full pipes....
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