Journal ArticleDOI
A Population-Based Study of Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccination and Autism
Kreesten Meldgaard Madsen,Anders Hviid,Mogens Vestergaard,Diana Schendel,Jan Wohlfahrt,Poul Thorsen,Jørn Olsen,Mads Melbye +7 more
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A retrospective cohort study of all children born in Denmark from January 1991 through December 1998 finds that vaccination against measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) is a cause of autism.Abstract:
Background It has been suggested that vaccination against measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) is a cause of autism. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all children born in Denmark from January 1991 through December 1998. The cohort was selected on the basis of data from the Danish Civil Registration System, which assigns a unique identification number to every live-born infant and new resident in Denmark. MMR-vaccination status was obtained from the Danish National Board of Health. Information on the children's autism status was obtained from the Danish Psychiatric Central Register, which contains information on all diagnoses received by patients in psychiatric hospitals and outpatient clinics in Denmark. We obtained information on potential confounders from the Danish Medical Birth Registry, the National Hospital Registry, and Statistics Denmark. Results Of the 537,303 children in the cohort (representing 2,129,864 person-years), 440,655 (82.0 percent) had received the MMR vaccine. We ide...read more
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Global Prevalence of Autism and Other Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Mayada Elsabbagh,Gauri Divan,Yun Joo Koh,Young Shin Kim,Shuaib Kauchali,Shuaib Kauchali,Carlos Marcin,Cecilia Montiel-Nava,Vikram Patel,Cristiane Silvestre de Paula,Chongying Wang,M. T. Yasamy,Eric Fombonne +12 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a systematic review of epidemiological surveys of autistic disorder and pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs) worldwide was provided, where the authors considered the possible impact of geographic, cultural/ethnic/ethnic, and socioeconomic factors on prevalence estimates and on clinical presentation of PDD.
Journal ArticleDOI
Epidemiology of pervasive developmental disorders.
TL;DR: There is evidence that the broadening of the concept, the expansion of diagnostic criteria, the development of services, and improved awareness of the condition have played a major role in explaining this increase, although it cannot be ruled out that other factors might have also contributed to that trend.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Genetics of Autism
TL;DR: Significant evidence is found for multiple interacting genetic factors as the main causative determinants of autism and for interactions between multiple genes cause "idiopathic" autism but that epigenetic factors and exposure to environmental modifiers may contribute to variable expression of autism-related traits.
Journal Article
Epidemiology of autistic disorder and other pervasive developmental disorders.
TL;DR: Data from many of these surveys indicate correlates of autistic disorder and other PDDs with IQ, gender, and other medical disorders, particularly changes in case definition and case identification over time.
Journal ArticleDOI
The prevalence of autism.
TL;DR: The findings of a survey that found a rate of 34 per 10000 for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) among 3to 10-year-old children in metropolitan Atlanta suggest that these differences might reflect new diagnostic criteria for autism and increased availability of developmental disability services for children with autism in the 1990s.
References
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Andrew J. Wakefield,S. H. Murch,A Anthony,J Linnell,D M Casson,M Malik,M Berelowitz,Ap Dhillon,Mike Thomson,Peter Harvey,A Valentine,S Davies,J A Walker-Smith +12 more
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The Danish National Hospital Register. A valuable source of data for modern health sciences.
TL;DR: The Danish National Hospital Register is well suited to contribute to international comparative studies with relevance for evidence-based medicine, and how researchers may get access to the Register is described.
Book
Statistical Models in Epidemiology
David Clayton,Michael Hills +1 more
TL;DR: This self-contained account of the statistical basis of epidemiology has been written specifically for those with a basic training in biology, therefore no previous knowledge is assumed and the mathematics is deliberately kept at a manageable level.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children
Journal ArticleDOI
The screening and diagnosis of autistic spectrum disorders
Pauline A. Filipek,Pasquale J. Accardo,Grace T. Baranek,Edwin H. Cook,Geraldine Dawson,Barry Gordon,Judith S. Gravel,Chris Plauché Johnson,Ronald J. Kallen,Susan E. Levy,Nancy J. Minshew,Barry M. Prizant,Isabelle Rapin,Sally J. Rogers,Wendy L. Stone,Stuart W. Teplin,Roberto Tuchman,Fred R. Volkmar +17 more
TL;DR: Specific detailed recommendations for each level have been established in this document, which are intended to improve the rate of early suspicion and diagnosis of, and therefore early intervention for, autism.