scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Journal ArticleDOI

A Potential Antiviral Treatment for COVID-19: Remdesivir.

01 Nov 2020-Clinical Nurse Specialist (Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health))-Vol. 34, Iss: 6, pp 257-260
TL;DR: The COVID-19 pandemic began on December 31, 2019, with a cluster of pneumonia cases with an unknown etiology in Wuhan, the capital of the Hubei Province, China, followed by the World Health Organization declaring it a pandemic on March 11, 2020.
Abstract: THE BEGINNING Sometime between October 6 and December 11, 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic began. On December 31, 2019, the World Health Organization was notified about a cluster of pneumonia cases with an unknown etiology in Wuhan, the capital of the Hubei Province, China. Initial evidence suggested that this new outbreak was associated with a seafood market in Wuhan, which was closed on January 1, 2020. The etiological agent was finally identified as a severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like betacoronavirus, later named SARS-CoV-2. Human-to-human transmission was confirmed on January 14, 2020, followed by the World Health Organization declaring COVID-19 a pandemic on March 11, 2020. For the past 2 decades, new coronaviruses (CoV) have emerged: SARS andMiddle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). Severe acute respiratory syndrome emerged in 2002 from live game markets in Guangdong Province, China, as a severe atypical pneumonia and spreadworldwide. The SARS outbreak was contained after 8422 cases in 32 countries with a fatality rate of 10% to 15%. With this outbreak came the alarming discovery that animal CoV were spreading to humans causing novel severe disease. In 2012, the MERS-CoVwas identified in Saudi Arabia as a severe respiratory syndrome. Endemic in camels, 2494 human cases were identified in 20 countries with 858 deaths, with a case fatality rate of 36%withmechanical ventilation required for 50% to 89% of patients.
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The X-ray crystal structures of some of these proteases were crucial for the discovery of effective such compounds, some of which also showed considerable antiviral activity and are considered preclinical candidates to fight these emerging infections, which in the case of Covid-19 already provoked an unprecedented worldwide pandemic.
Abstract: The two cysteine proteases from the coronaviruses, which produced deadly outbreaks in the last two decades, SARS CoV-1/2, and MERS, the main protease (Mpro) and the papain-like protease (PLP) are c...

18 citations


Cites background from "A Potential Antiviral Treatment for..."

  • ...Remdesivir, an antiviral developed for the treatment of Ebola infection, is the only drug that has been shown to benefit COVID19 patients in a large randomized controlled clinical trial [38,39], although it has not significantly affected death rates [40]....

    [...]

References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
14 Apr 2020-Science
TL;DR: Using existing data to build a deterministic model of multiyear interactions between existing coronaviruses, with a focus on the United States, is used to project the potential epidemic dynamics and pressures on critical care capacity over the next 5 years and projected that recurrent wintertime outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 will probably occur after the initial, most severe pandemic wave.
Abstract: It is urgent to understand the future of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission. We used estimates of seasonality, immunity, and cross-immunity for human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) and HCoV-HKU1 using time-series data from the United States to inform a model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. We projected that recurrent wintertime outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 will probably occur after the initial, most severe pandemic wave. Absent other interventions, a key metric for the success of social distancing is whether critical care capacities are exceeded. To avoid this, prolonged or intermittent social distancing may be necessary into 2022. Additional interventions, including expanded critical care capacity and an effective therapeutic, would improve the success of intermittent distancing and hasten the acquisition of herd immunity. Longitudinal serological studies are urgently needed to determine the extent and duration of immunity to SARS-CoV-2. Even in the event of apparent elimination, SARS-CoV-2 surveillance should be maintained because a resurgence in contagion could be possible as late as 2024.

2,203 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In patients with severe Covid-19 not requiring mechanical ventilation, a randomized, open-label, phase 3 trial involving hospitalized patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, oxygen saturation of 94% or less while they were breathing ambient air, and radiologic evidence of pneumonia, the magnitude of benefit cannot be determined.
Abstract: Background Remdesivir is an RNA polymerase inhibitor with potent antiviral activity in vitro and efficacy in animal models of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). Methods We conducted a ra...

1,086 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results are in line with previous estimates and point to all sequences sharing a common ancestor towards the end of 2019, supporting this as the period when SARS-CoV-2 jumped into its human host.

709 citations


"A Potential Antiviral Treatment for..." refers background in this paper

  • ...However, the zoonotic source of the virus remains in question.(1) Viral shedding occurs via fomites, airborne and fecaloral....

    [...]

  • ...Human-to-human transmission was confirmed on January 14, 2020, followed by the World Health Organization declaring COVID-19 a pandemic on March 11, 2020.(1) For the past 2 decades, new coronaviruses (CoV) have emerged: SARS andMiddle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The known breadth and antiviral activity of RDV is extended to include both contemporary human and highly divergent zoonotic CoV and potentially enhance the ability to fight future emerging CoV.

408 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review explores the investigations on the feasibility and applicability of various classes of P-gp inhibitors as described in recent patents for enhanced drug delivery and finds several candidates presently under development look promising as P- gp inhibitors.
Abstract: Introduction: The ATP-binding cassette superfamily contains membrane transporter proteins that transport a wide range of diverse compounds across cellular membranes. The P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is an important member of this family and a multi-specific drug efflux transporter that plays a significant role in governing the bioavailability of many clinically active drugs. The inhibition of this efflux transporter by various P-gp inhibitors forms a distinctive approach in improving bioavailability and conquering drug resistance. Most P-gp inhibitors exhibit limitations associated with their safety and unwanted pharmacokinetic interactions, thereby restraining their clinical applicability. Areas covered: This review explores the investigations on the feasibility and applicability of various classes of P-gp inhibitors as described in recent patents for enhanced drug delivery. Expert opinion: Several candidates presently under development look promising as P-gp inhibitors, e.g., tariquidar and elacridar. Pharmace...

127 citations