A Program for Action.
01 Jan 1971-
About: The article was published on 1971-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 12 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Library instruction & Action (philosophy).
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TL;DR: This paper explored the everyday uses that a group of Latin American adults have for reading and writing, and found that literacy needs exist in both Spanish and English, and drew attention to the contradiction between government commitments to immigration, multiculturalism, and training and the lack of appropriate services provided for the special needs of immigrants.
Abstract: Two approaches (quantitative and qualitative) are used to explore the topic of Canadian adult immigrants who are new users of English and who have little literacy experience. First, available statistics from a number of sources are used to provide an overview of this group. Second, a Toronto-based case study is used as an example of the kind of qualitative study which is needed for a richer understanding of the issue at hand. The study explores the everyday uses that a group of Latin American adults have for reading and writing. The results suggest that literacy needs exist in both Spanish and English. The article concludes by drawing attention to the contradiction, on the one hand, of government commitments to immigration, multiculturalism, and training and, on the other hand, of the lack of appropriate services provided for the special needs of immigrants.
46 citations
TL;DR: This rigorous analysis comparing trends in health inequalities in England both over time and between countries could not detect a favourable effect of the English strategy, and illustrates the usefulness of a modified difference-in-difference approach for assessing the impact of policies on population-level health inequalities.
Abstract: Between 1997 and 2010, the English government pursued an ambitious programme to reduce health inequalities, the explicit and sustained commitment of which was historically and internationally unique. Previous evaluations have produced mixed results. None of these evaluations have, however, compared the trends in health inequalities within England with those in other European countries. We carried out an innovative analysis to assess whether changes in trends in health inequalities observed in England after the implementation of its programme, have been more favourable than those in other countries without such a programme. Data were obtained from nationally representative surveys carried out in England, Finland, the Netherlands and Italy for years around 1990, 2000 and 2010. A modified difference-in-difference approach was used to assess whether trends in health inequalities in 2000–2010 were more favourable as compared to the period 1990–2000 in England, and the changes in trends in inequalities after 2000 in England were then compared to those in the three comparison countries. Health outcomes were self-assessed health, long-standing health problems, smoking status and obesity. Education was used as indicator of socioeconomic position. After the implementation of the English strategy, more favourable trends in some health indicators were observed among low-educated people, but trends in health inequalities in 2000–2010 in England were not more favourable than those observed in the period 1990–2000. For most health indicators, changes in trends of health inequalities after 2000 in England were also not significantly different from those seen in the other countries. In this rigorous analysis comparing trends in health inequalities in England both over time and between countries, we could not detect a favourable effect of the English strategy. Our analysis illustrates the usefulness of a modified difference-in-difference approach for assessing the impact of policies on population-level health inequalities.
35 citations
TL;DR: An average temperature which the bound aspartic acid in sequoia had experienced during the past ∼2200 years was obtained, which agrees with modern temperatures near the sample location and estimated paleotemperatures during the Past ∼2000 years.
22 citations
TL;DR: The Chicano minority, an immigrant people, stands at the center both of that history and of a process of imperial expansionism that originated in the last three decades of the nineteenth century and that continues today.
Abstract: Preamble In this article we show how the twentieth-century appearance of a Chicano minority population in the United States originated from the subordination of the nation of Mexico to U.S. economic and political interests. We argue that, far from being marginal to the course of modern U.S. history, the Chicano minority, an immigrant people, stands at the center both of that history and of a process of imperial expansionism that originated in the last three decades of the nineteenth century and that continues today.
19 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used monaster and historical records for Greece during the period 1200-1900 A.D. have been used to obtain the number of “severe” winters which occurred during this time period.
Abstract: Monastery and historical records for Greece during the period 1200–1900 A.D. have been used to obtain the number of “severe” winters which occurred during this time period. A winter was considered as being “severe” if long duration of snow cover and/or freezing of lakes in Greece were archived. Evidence is presented that the coldest periods in Greece during the period 1200–1900 A.D. occurred in the first half of the 15th century, in the second half of the 17th and in the 19th century. Geographical coherence is indicated with other areas in Europe, e.g., with The Netherlands, where historical records exist over the same period. The number of severe winters in 50-year intervals does show a positive correlation with the volcanic dust veil index.
14 citations