A prospective, randomized, controlled trial of robot-assisted vs freehand pedicle screw fixation in spine surgery.
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...For this reason, they suggested that at least 10 cases are necessary to gain the experience needed to minimize radiation exposure time.(78) Kaul et al concluded that da Vinci assistance decreased the learning curve for standardized tasks as well as actual laparoscopic operations....
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...Specifically, Kim et al found that total fluoroscopy time decreased by 30% after the first eight cases.(78) For this reason, they suggested that at least 10 cases are necessary to gain the experience needed to minimize radiation exposure time....
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...There have been conflicting results regarding the safety and accuracy of robot‐assisted pedicle screw fixation.(2,4,6,7) Therefore, the present randomized controlled trial was intended to assess these issues in posterior lumbar fusion surgery, compared with the conventional open free‐hand technique....
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...2 at the setting of a single measurement and absolute agreement.(13) A minimum of fifty‐one pedicle screws was calculated as the required sample size....
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"A prospective, randomized, controll..." refers background in this paper
...on presentation of one or more of the following symptoms: pain, numbness, or motor deficits in the lower extremities and buttocks with confirmation of a stenotic lesion in the lumbar spine by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).(9,10) Exclusion criteria included a history of peripheral vascular disease, any concurrent serious medical condition causing disability, general poor health status including sepsis or cancer, and the inability to complete the questionnaires on pain and disability....
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