A reassessment of the Brassington Formation (Miocene) of Derbyshire, UK and a review of related hypogene karst suffosion processes
01 May 2018-Journal of the Geological Society (Geological Society of London)-Vol. 175, Iss: 3, pp 443-463
TL;DR: The Brassington Formation of the Pennines is the most extensive onshore Miocene succession in the UK and is preserved as outliers in Lower Carboniferous Limestone during uplift, with erosion of post-Mississippian strata from the Pennine axis in the Peak District as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The Brassington Formation of the Pennines is the most extensive onshore Miocene succession in the UK It is preserved as outliers in Lower Carboniferous Limestone During the Cenozoic, central England underwent uplift, with erosion of post-Mississippian strata from the Pennine axis in the Peak District The Brassington Formation is hence significant in reconstructing Cenozoic geological history It is non-marine, derived from Triassic sandstone and of Mid–Late Miocene age The c 60 outliers occur in three clusters over c 220 km2 They are remnants of a sedimentary prism at least 75 m thick and with a volume of c 10 km3 Suffosion of bedrock, conditioned by aggressive precursor fluids of hypogenic origin, was the major control on subsidence The calculated volume of the fills in the Bees Nest and Green Clay outliers is 37–50 × 106 m3 Referenced to a sub-Miocene surface at c 450 m OD in pre-subsidence times, the original volume of this subsidence complex was c 218 × 106 m3 and the aggregated volume of the Late Neogene White Peak palaeokarst was at least 066 km3 Subsidence was concomitant with Pliocene uplift of the Pennine Axis, suggesting suffosion accommodation of 3 × 106 m3 per km2 or 244 m3 per annum
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01 Jan 1857
TL;DR: The second edition of the Geological Survey Memoir on the Lizard district was published by the late Sir John Smith Flett as discussed by the authors, who revealed him in the full maturity of his scientific judgment and mental vigour.
Abstract: THE Lizard district had long been famous as a field of geological research and controversy prior to the publication in 1912 of the Geological Survey Memoir on it, and on many of its petrological, structurah and stratigraphical problems there was scarcely a general consensus of opinion. This second edition, by the late Sir John Flett, one of the original authors, reveals him in the full maturity of his scientific judgment and mental vigour. It has been entirely rewritten after a re-examination of the area that, followed his retirement from the directorship of the Geological Survey in 1935. Many will visualize in these accounts of the cliffs and exposures "alongside the path leading from the hotel to the beach" that powerfully built figure with deliberate step and penetrating all-embracing eye.Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Great Britain England and Wales. Explanation of Sheet 359 : Geology of the Lizard and Meneage. By J. S. Flett and J. B. Hill. Second edition, by Sir John Smith Flett. Pp. xi+208+11 plates. (London : H. M. Stationery Office, 1946.) 2s. 6d. net.
264 citations
22 Sep 2013
Abstract: Comparing simulations of key warm periods in Earth history with contemporaneous geological proxy data is a useful approach for evaluating the ability of climate models to simulate warm, high-CO2 climates that are unprecedented in the more recent past. Here we use a global data set of confidence-assessed, proxy-based temperature estimates and biome reconstructions to assess the ability of eight models to simulate warm terrestrial climates of the Pliocene epoch. The Late Pliocene, 3.6–2.6 million years ago, is an accessible geological interval to understand climate processes of a warmer world. We show that model-predicted surface air temperatures reveal a substantial cold bias in the Northern Hemisphere. Particularly strong data–model mismatches in mean annual temperatures (up to 18 °C) exist in northern Russia. Our model sensitivity tests identify insufficient temporal constraints hampering the accurate configuration of model boundary conditions as an important factor impacting on data–model discrepancies. We conclude that to allow a more robust evaluation of the ability of present climate models to predict warm climates, future Pliocene data–model comparison studies should focus on orbitally defined time slices.
20 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe three new species of fossil fungal palynomorphs from the Kenslow Member of the Brassington Formation, and assign them to the Chaetosphaeriaceae and Pyrenulales.
Abstract: The Middle to Late Miocene Brassington Formation from the Peak District in Derbyshire, central UK, has yielded a diverse vegetation assemblage, but until now there have been no reports of fungal remains. Here, we describe three new species of fossil fungal palynomorphs from the Kenslow Member of the Brassington Formation. The taxa have been assigned to the Chaetosphaeriaceae and Pyrenulales, and were most likely saprophytic members of the community. The extant living relatives of the new fossil fungi are commonly found on decaying wood, often submerged in freshwater. A saprobic ecology on submerged decaying wood is consistent with sedimentological evidence that shows the Kenslow Member was deposited in a lacustrine or wetland environment. This is the first reported occurrence of the genus Rhexoampullifera in the fossil record.
14 citations
Cites background from "A reassessment of the Brassington F..."
...The Brassington Formation of central England (Figure 1) is the most extensive onshore Miocene deposit in the UK (Boulter et al. 1971; Walsh et al. 2018)....
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...Based on modern species distributions, all three new taxa from the Brassington Formation were saprobic and likely inhabited the abundant decayed wood that has been recovered from the Kenslow Member (Boulter and Chaloner 1970; Pound and Riding 2016; Walsh et al. 2018)....
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...The sedimentology of the Kenslow Member has been interpreted as a lacustrine or wetland environment, which is entirely compatible with the presence of saprobic fungi with a preference for submerged wood (Boulter et al. 1971; Walsh et al. 2018)....
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...The three new species are the first fossil fungal remains reported from the Brassington Formation and from the Miocene of the UK (Boulter 1971; Walsh et al. 1996; Pound et al. 2012; Pound and Riding 2016; Walsh et al. 2018)....
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TL;DR: Chaloner as mentioned in this paper was one of the world's leading palaeobotanists and palynologists, who developed a love of natural science at school which led to a penchant for palaeoobot...
Abstract: William G. (‘Bill’) Chaloner FRS (1928–2016) was one of the world’s leading palaeobotanists and palynologists. He developed a love of natural science at school which led to a penchant for palaeobot...
12 citations
Cites background from "A reassessment of the Brassington F..."
...The age of the Brassington Formation was subsequently revised to Miocene–Pliocene (Boulter 1971) and, more recently, to Middle–Late Miocene (Pound et al. 2012; Pound and Riding 2016; Walsh et al. 2018)....
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Dissertation•
01 Jan 2018
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a Declaration of Independence and a COPYRIGHT STATEMENT, and acknowledgements and a status of papers for the first time, which is based on their work.
Abstract: ...................................................................................................................................... 8 Declaration ................................................................................................................................ 10 COPYRIGHT STATEMENT ............................................................................................................ 11 Acknowledgements.................................................................................................................... 12 Status of papers ......................................................................................................................... 13 Chapter 1: Introduction .............................................................................................................. 16 1.
8 citations
Cites background from "A reassessment of the Brassington F..."
...7078 ((± 0.00004), the same as Viséan seawater signatures recorded by Burke et al., (1982). Average dolostone (87)Sr/ (86)Sr = 0....
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References
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TL;DR: GTS2012 as mentioned in this paper summarizes the international divisions and ages in the Geologic Time Scale, published in 2012, since 2004, when GTS2004 was detailed, major developments have taken place that directly bear and have considerable impact on the intricate science of geologic time scaling.
Abstract: This report summarizes the international divisions and ages in the Geologic Time Scale, published
in 2012 (GTS2012). Since 2004, when GTS2004 was detailed, major developments have taken place
that directly bear and have considerable impact on the intricate science of geologic time scaling. Precam brian
now has a detailed proposal for chronostratigraphic subdivision instead of an outdated and abstract chronometric
one. Of 100 chronostratigraphic units in the Phanerozoic 63 now have formal definitions, but stable
chronostratigraphy in part of upper Paleozoic, Triassic and Middle Jurassic/Lower Cretaceous is still wanting.
Detailed age calibration now exist between radiometric methods and orbital tuning, making 40Ar-39Ar dates
0.64% older and more accurate. In general, numeric uncertainty in the time scale, although complex and not
entirely amenable to objective analysis, is improved and reduced. Bases of Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic
are bracketed by analytically precise ages, respectively 541 0.63, 252.16 0.5, and 65.95 0.05 Ma.
High-resolution, direct age-dates now exist for base-Carboniferous, base-Permian, base-Jurassic, base-Cenomanian
and base-Eocene. Relative to GTS2004, 26 of 100 time scale boundaries have changed age, of which
14 have changed more than 4 Ma, and 4 (in Middle to Late Triassic) between 6 and 12 Ma. There is much
higher stratigraphic resolution in Late Carboniferous, Jurassic, Cretaceous and Paleogene, and improved integration
with stable isotopes stratigraphy. Cenozoic and Cretaceous have a refined magneto-biochronology.
The spectacular outcrop sections for the Rosello Composite in Sicily, Italy and at Zumaia, Basque Province,
Spain encompass the Global Boundary Stratotype Sections and Points for two Pliocene and two Paleocene
stages. Since the cycle record indicates, to the best of our knowledge that the stages sediment fill is stratigraphically
complete, these sections also may fulfill the important role of stage unit stratotypes for three of
these stages, Piacenzian, Zanclean and Danian
1,892 citations
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...Based on the results of physical modelling, Ijtaba (1973) and Walsh et al....
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Book•
01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: The Geologic Time Scale (GTS) as mentioned in this paper is an international geologic time scale for deciphering the history of our planet Earth and has been widely used in the literature.
Abstract: The Geologic Time Scale 2012, winner of a 2012 Prose Award Honorable Mention for Best Multi-volume Reference in Science from the Association of American Publishers, is the framework for deciphering the history of our planet Earth. The authors have been at the forefront of chronostratigraphic research and initiatives to create an international geologic time scale for many years, and the charts in this book present the most up-to-date, international standard, as ratified by the International Commission on Stratigraphy and the International Union of Geological Sciences. This 2012 geologic time scale is an enhanced, improved and expanded version of the GTS2004, including chapters on planetary scales, the Cryogenian-Ediacaran periods/systems, a prehistory scale of human development, a survey of sequence stratigraphy, and an extensive compilation of stable-isotope chemostratigraphy. This book is an essential reference for all geoscientists, including researchers, students, and petroleum and mining professionals. The presentation is non-technical and illustrated with numerous colour charts, maps and photographs. The book also includes a detachable wall chart of the complete time scale for use as a handy reference in the office, laboratory or field. This is the most detailed international geologic time scale available that contextualizes information in one single reference for quick desktop access. It gives insights in the construction, strengths, and limitations of the geological time scale that greatly enhances its function and its utility. It aids understanding by combining with the mathematical and statistical methods to scaled composites of global succession of events. It meets the needs of a range of users at various points in the workflow (researchers extracting linear time from rock records, students recognizing the geologic stage by their content).
1,596 citations
TL;DR: Dolomite is not a simple mineral; it can form as a primary precipitate, a diagenetic replacement, or as a hydrothermal/metamorphic phase, all that it requires is permeability, a mechanism that facilitates fluid flow, and a sufficient supply of magnesium.
1,095 citations
"A reassessment of the Brassington F..." refers background in this paper
...The dolomite is considered to be replacive and a product of diagenesis attributed to basinal (hydrothermal) dolomitisation and/or seawater dolomitisation (Parsons 1922; Ford & King 1969; Warren 2000; Frazer et al. 2014)....
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Book•
17 Nov 2004
419 citations
TL;DR: A 617 site palaeobotanical dataset for the mid to late Miocene is presented in this paper, which provides a comprehensive overview of vegetational change from 15.97 to 5.33 Ma.
280 citations
"A reassessment of the Brassington F..." refers background or methods in this paper
...The shapes of the sinkhole floors and walls have been determined wherever possible from archive photography, borehole data, field observations, passive seismic surveys and terrestrial laser scanning (Yorke 1961; Banks et al. 2015; Pound & Riding 2015; Raines et al. 2015)....
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...Firstly, it is the most geographically extensive and volumetrically abundant Miocene unit in the UK (Boulter et al. 1971; Pound & Riding 2015)....
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